Патент USA US3162729

Dec- 22, 1954
w. ALBRECHT ETAL
3,162,714
TELEPHOTO OBJECTIVE
T'Zdi"3
Filed Oct. 21. 1960
r1
Flg 2
3'”
Pl
INVENTORS:
Wolfram
BY
Albrecht
Werner Wagner
[éJf?m
AGENT.
United States Patent 01 ice
3,162,714
Patented Dec. 22, 1964
1
2
3,162,714
Inequality (a) indicates that the ?rst two members are
positively retracting and that their individual focal
TELEPHOTO OBJECTIVE
Wolfram Albrecht, Kreuznach, Rhineland, and Werner
Wagner, Odernheim (Glan), Germany, assignors to
Jos. Schneider & Co., Kreuznach, Rhineland, Germany,
a corporation of Germany
Filed Oct. 21, 1960, Ser. No. 64,194
Claims priority, application Germany Oct. 22, 1959
9 Claims. (CI. 88-57)
Our present invention relates to an optical objective of
large focal length for photographic or cinematographic
lengths range between 1.5f and 0.8)‘; inequality (b)
shows that the last two members are negatively refract
ing and that their focal lengths have absolute values
ranging between 1‘ and 0.4)‘.
We have also found that the suppression of residual
(particularly chromatic) aberrations is facilitated if the
more forwardly positioned member of the rear com
10 ponent is a doublet with a cemented surface which turns
its concavity toward the image side of the system. A
further improvement in this respect is achieved if, in
accordance with still another feature of the invention, the
Such objectives, known as telephoto objectives, are fre
quently used with cameras having a ?xedly positioned 15 total axial length of the front component is greater than
0.8 times the air space separating the two components
shutter and, in such cases, are known to comprise a
but is less than 25% of the overall focal length f. At
negative rear component forming a relatively small exit
the same time it is desirable that the radius of the con
pupil directly ahead of the shutter, this rear component
vex forward surface of the ?rst miniscus of the front
also including a diaphragm between two of its mem
bers, in combination with a positive front component 20 component be greater than 0.3)‘ but less than twice the
which forms a relatively large entrance pupil for the
radius of the corresponding surface of the second
incident longer light rays on the object side of the sys
meniscus of that component.
tem and is separated from the rear component by a
The invention will be described in greater detail with
large air space.
reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
It has heretofore been possible to realize with such 25
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment in
telephoto objectives an overall focal length of approxi
which each of the menisci of the front component has
mately three times the diagonal of the projected image,
a cemented surface; and
this diagonal corresponding to the diameter of a circular
FIG. 2 is a similar view of a modi?ed system in which
area over which satisfactory de?nition is obtainable,
with an image angle of about 12° and a relative aperture 30 only the ?rst meniscus is a doublet.
The system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a front
of 125.6. Further improvement could be achieved only
component F, consisting of two positive menisci I and
with great di?iculties because of the problem of placing
the exit pupil and the diaphragm close enough to the
II, separated by a large air space d6 from a rear com
shutter and the necessity of sufficiently restricting the
ponent R of a negative doublet III and a negative singlet
?eld at the rear component in the vicinity of the shut
IV. The ?rst member I is a doublet composed of a
ter, especially where the structural requirements called
biconvex lens L, with radii r1, r; and thickness d1,
for relatively large back-focal lengths of, say, 20 to 30%
cemented
onto a biconcave lens I4 with radii r2, r3 and
of the overall focal length of the objective.
thickness d2. The second member 11, separated from
Our invention has for its general object the provision
of an improved telephoto objective in which the above 40 member I by an air space d3 consists of a biconvex lens
L3 (radii r4, rs and thickness 11,) cemented onto a bi
di?iculties are overcome.
More particularly, it is an object of this invention to
concave lens L4 (radii r5, r6, thickness d5). The third
cameras.
provide a telephoto objective of larger relative aperture
member III is a negative meniscus composed of a bicon
and increased focal length (preferably at least four
cave lens L5 (radii r7, rs and thickness d7) cemented onto
times the image diagonal) without sacri?cing the size 45 a biconvex lens L6 (radii r8, r9 and thickness d8); sepa
of the image angle and the quality of projection hereto
rated from this member by an air space 41,, which in—
cludes a diaphragm D, is the fourth member 1V con
sisting of a single negative meniscus L; with radii rm, rm
prises two air-spaced positive menisci in its front com
ponent, both of them turning their convex surfaces to 50 and thickness dm. Lens L7, which represents the exit
fore obtainable.
A telephoto objective according to the invention com
the side of the longer light rays, i.e. the object side,
pupil of the system, is separated by the back-focal length
and two air-spaced negative members in the rear com
s from the image plane P.
ponent (of which preferably at least one is also a
Representative values of the radii r; to r11, the thick
meniscus) each turning a concave surface toward the
nesses
and separations d1 to dm, the refractive indices
front component, the four members of the two com 55
nd and the Abbé numbers v of the lenses L1 to L», are
ponents having individual focal lengths fI, fn, fm, fw
related to the overall focal length 1‘ of the system by the
expression
(a)
(b)
given in the following Tables I and H, the values for r1
to rm and d1 to dm as well as s being based upon a
numerical value of 100 for the overall focus length of f
60 of the system.
3,162,714
4
having radii r4’, rs’ and thickness d,,'. The third mem
Table I
ber III’ is again a negative meniscus composed of a bi
concave lens L4’ (radii r8’, r,’ and thickness do’) ce
mented onto a biconvex lens L5’ (radii r7’, rs’ and thickness
d-;'); separated from this member by an air space d;',
which includes a diaphragm D’, is the fourth member IV’
[Relative aperture 1:4.5. ]‘= 100. s=23.031
Thicknesses
Rndii
Ll
I
L:
r1 =+36.32
r; =—78.05
and
m
separations
u
consisting of a single negative meniscus L,’ with radii
r9’, rm’ and thickness d,,'. Lens LG’ is separated by the
back-focal length s’ from the image plan P’.
Representative values of the radii r1’ to rm’, the thick
10
d1 =8.84
1.56384
00.76
d: =3.12
1.67270
32.23
dz =0.26
air space
d4 =7.54
1.57444
56.43
given in the following Table III, the values for r1’ to rm’
d5 =1.04
1.58144
40.80
and d1’ to d9’ as well as s’ being again based upon a
da =21.81
air space
d1 =1.04
1.62041
60. 29
d5 =3.64
1.56732
42.82
d9 =2.00
diaphragm
nesses and separations d1’ to d9’, the refractive indices
nd and the Abbé numbers of the lenses L1’ to Lg’ are
7; =+105.89
F..... ..
L:
II
L4
i
H =+22.56
n =—78.05
To ==+34.70
L;
III
L;
Ru"---
71 =—31.22
n =+2l.08
To =—77.46
the system.
L1
m=-—10.39
dm=0.97
1.56873
Table III
[Relative aperture 124.5. f=100. s’=28.42]
20
space
IV
15 numerical value of 100 for the overall focus length f’ of
Thicknesses
63. 12
Radii
f1i= —15.79
I’ {171'
II, III and IV in the above system are as follows:
11
I
L1’
n
II’
The sum EdF of the axial thicknesses and spaces d1 to .30
744
d1'=8.74
1.48749
70.04
d:'=3.08
1.67270
32.23
da'=0.26
air space
.
+1909
=
L3’
I
-
+29 25
n
=
I
d5, i.e. the total axial length of the front component F,
will be found to equal 20.80.
.
=
I
n
n
=-
III’
d4’=8.48
1.48749
d5’=18.98
air space
70.04
.
36 o6
.
L4’
de’=1.03
1.62041
60. 29
d1'=2.70
1.56873
63. 12
d|’=1.96
diaphragm
a,'=o.es
1.56873
r1’ =+30.85
L5’
I
77 14
n
=—
.
R’---- ~-
n’ =—9 60
[Relative aperture 1:4.5. f=100. s=23.33]
I
+236 17
=—
’
F’ ---- "
35
‘n;
fi' =+35.89
The individual focal lengths of the four members I, 25
Table II
and
separations
IV’ L.’
'
'10 =-
1:418
3pm
6.412
-
Thicknesses
Radii
Li
I
L;
r1 =+39.84
n =-86.44
and
separations
m
r
L;
II
L4
1‘; =+24.78
n =—86.44
n =+37.07
L;
III
L.
R..---.-
T1 =—37.81
n =+23.16
To =--306.19
The individual focal lengths of the four members I’,
II’, III’ and IV’ in the above system are as follows:
d1 =9.71
1.56384
60. 76
d: =3.43
1.67270
32.23
d; =0.29
air space
The sum Ed’? of the axial thicknesses and spaces d,’
to d5’, i.e. the total axial length of the front component
F’, will be found to equal 20.56.
It will be seen from the foregoing that each of the
systems of Tables I, H and III satis?es the requirements
50 of the expressions
45
r; =+116.95 _
F..... ._
40
d4 =8.28
1.57444
56. 43
dl =1.l4
1.58144
40.80
d; =23.95
air space
d1 =1.14
1.62041
60.29
d: =4.00
1.67270
32.23
d9 =2.19
diaphragm
space
IV
L1
rm=-—10.78
dio=1.07
1.56873
63. 12
55
ru=—l4.86
The individual focal lengths of the four members I,
II, III and IV in the above system are as follows:
f;=126.55; fn=104.01; flue-84.97; fw= —76.02
The sum EdF of the axial thicknesses and spaces d;
to d5 will be found to equal 22.85.
60
which characterize the preferred system according to the
invention.
We claim:
The system illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises a front com
1. An optical telephoto objective system of overall focal
length f, comprising four air-spaced lens members in
ponent F’, consisting of two positive menisci I’ and II’,
cluding a ?rst, a second, a third and a fourth member
separated by a large air space d5’ from a rear component
R' consisting of a negative doublet 111' and a negative
singlet IV'. The ?rst member I’ is a doublet similar to
member I of FIG. 1. It is composed of a biconvex lens
L1’, with radii r1’, r2’ and thickness d1’, cemented onto a
of individual focal lengths fr, in, fm and in, respectively,
said ?rst and second members being in the shape of posi
tive menisci and constituting a front component, said
menisci turning their convex surfaces toward the object
side of the system, said third and fourth members being
negatively retracting and constituting a rear component
separated from said front component by a large air space
biconcave lens L2’ with radii r2’, r;,' and thickness d2’.
The second member II’, separated from member I by an
air space d3’, consists of a single positive meniscus I4‘ 75 whose length is of the order of the total axial length of
3,162,714
5
6
.
nd and their Abbé numbers 11 have numerical values sub
said ?rst component but less than 1.25 times said total
axial length, the latter being less than substantially 25% of
said overall focal length, said third and fourth members
stantially as given in the following table:
each turning a concave outer surface toward said front
component, the radius of the convex surface of said ?rst
member being less than twice the radius of the convex
Thicknesses
Radii
surface of the second member but greater than substan
tially 0.3 times said overall focal length, said overall focal
length and said individual focal lengths satisfying the
relationships
and
m
separations
r
n =+39.84
L1 ............... .-
d1 -9.71
1.56384
60. 76
d; -3.43
1.67270
32. 23
n =—86.44
10
L: ............... .-
I‘: =+116.95
d: -0.29
air space
44 -8.28
1.57444
56. 43
d4 —1.l4
1.58144
40.80
n -+24.78
L; ............... .-
7| -—-86.44
L4 ............... --
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said third
n -+37.07
member and at least one member of said ?rst component 15
are doublets.
L; ............... _-
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said third
d. -23.95
air space
111 -1.14
1.62041
60.29
d; -4.00
1.67270
32. 23
do =2.19
diaphragm
r1 ---37.81
fl =+23.16
L6 ............... ..
member is a doublet having a cemented surface turning
n = -—306.19
its concavity towards the image side of the system.
space
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein said third 20
no=—-10.78
L1 ............... .dm=1m
1.56873
63. 12
member is a doublet having a cemented surface turning its
m= -14.86
concavity towards the image side of the system, the total
axial length'of said front component being greater than
8. A system according to claim 4 wherein said ?rst
substantially 0.8 times the length of said large air space
but less than substantially 25% of said overall focal length. 25 member consists of a ?rst biconvex lens cemented onto a
?rst biconcave lens, said second member consisting of a
5. A system according to claim 4 wherein said ?rst
?rst meniscus-shaped singlet, said third member consist
member consists of a ?rst biconvex lens cemented onto
ing of a second biconcave lens cemented onto a second
a ?rst biconcave lens, said second member consisting of
biconvex lens, said fourth member being a second menis
a second biconvex lens cemented onto a second bicon
cave lens, said third member consisting of a third bicon 30
cave lens cemented onto a third biconvex lens, said fourth
member being a meniscus-shaped singlet.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the radii r1
to rm and the axial thicknesses and spacings d1 to dm of
said ?rst biconvex lens L1, said ?rst biconcave lens L2,
said second biconvex lens L3, said second biconcave lens
cus-shaped singlet.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein the radii r1’
to rm’ and the axial thicknesses and spacings d1’ to d,’ of
said ?rst biconvex lens L1’, said ?rst biconcave lens 14',
said ?rst singlet L3’, said second biconcave lens L4’, said
second biconvex lens L5’ and said second singlet L6’, based
upon a numerical value of 100 for said overall focal
length f’, their refractive indices nd and their Abbé num
L4, said third biconcave lens L5, said third biconvex lens
bers 7/ have numerical values substantially as given in the
L6 and said singlet L7, based upon a numerical value of
following table:
100 of said overall focal length f, their refractive indices .
nd and their Abbé numbers 1! have numerlcal values sub 40
stantrally as given in the following table:
Thicknesses
Radil
and
separations
m
r
45
Thlcknesses
Radii
n’ =+236.17
1.56384
60. 76
d1 =3.12
1.67270
32.23
n =-78.05
1'; =+105.89
'
I4’ ______________ _.
50
d; =0.26
air space
6. =7.54
1.57444
56.43
L4,_______________ __
40. 80
Li’............... --
d5 =1.04
1.58144
d. =21.s1
air space
d1 =1.04
1.62041
n =+21.0s
1.56732
d9 =2.00
diaphragm
'
1.56873
air space
d.'=8.48
1.48749
d;’=18.98
air space
70.04
d¢'= 1.03
1.62041
60. 29
63. 12
63.12
d1’=2.70
1.56873
ds'=1.96
diaphragm
da'=0.96
1.56873
63. 12
'|n'=—14.l8
42. 32
space
d10=U.97
32 23
d4’=0.26
space
L|’__ ............. --
d1 =3.64
70.04
1.67270
?' =-—9.60
60.29
T10= —10.39
L1 _______________ --
11’ =+19.09
r5’ ==+29.25
rt’ =—77.14
55
r1 =-31.22
n =—77.46
1.48749
d;’=3.08
f1’ =+30.85
73 = —78.05
f4 =+34.7O
d1’=8.74
n’ =-—36.06
n =+22.56
.
r
H’ =—7.44
T1 =+36.32
d1 =8.84
11.4
n’ =+35.89
L1’ _______________ -_
L4’ .............. -_
L1 ............... _-
and
separations
60
111=—15.79
7. A system according to claim 5 wherein the radii r1
to rm and the axial thicknesses and spacings d1 to dw of 65
said ?rst biconvex lens L1, said ?rst biconcave lens L2,
said second biconvex lens L3, said second biconcave lens
L4, said third biconcave lens L5, said third biconvex lens
L6 and said singlet L7, based upon a numerical value of
100 for said overall focal length f, their refractive indices
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2,441,093
2,541,485
2,849,918
2,906,173
3,033,081
Aklin ________________ __ May 4,
Shade et al. __________ __ Feb. 13,
'Eismann et a1. ________ .._ Sept. 2,
Klempt _____________ __ Sept. 29,
Baur et a1. ____________ .._ May 8,
1948
1951
1958
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FOREIGN PATENTS
1,034,564
France _____________ .... Apr. 15, 1953