Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????????? ?????? ?.?. ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ╠╬Л╩┬└ 2015 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ? ??? 341.96 ??? 67.932.112 ?-79 ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ??, ?????? ??????????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ?-79 ????????? ?.?. ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: ??????????. а? ?.: ??????, 2015.а? 396 ?. ISBN 978-5-8354-1098-9 (?а???.) ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??а?????? ?а?????????????, ??а?а?? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ???а???????????? ????? ??????-???????????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? 1929а?. ?а????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а??????????? ????????????????, ???????? ???????? ?а???? ???????. ?а????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а??????????? ?????????. ??????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ????? ?а??????, ????????? ??? ?? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????????. This edition is the second author?s book dedicated exclusively to the contract of air carriage and analysis of current problems of carriage by air both on the international level and in Russia. The book may serve as aаscientific and practical commentary and comparative analysis of the Montreal Convention 1999 and the system of the Warsaw Convention 1929, as well as Russian and foreign legislation and court practice in this field. Theаauthor analyzes the legal sources on international air carriage, conflict of law issues, the legal nature of the contract of carriage and obligations to arrange carriage. Aаcentral part of the book is taken by such issues as the carrier?s liability towards passengers for death and personal injury, cargo and baggage claims, late delivery, recovery of damages. The book also covers the issue of claims against the carrier, andаthe insurance of carrier?s liability. ISBN 978-5-8354-1098-9 ??? 341.96 ??? 67.932.112 Е ?.?. ?????????, 2014 Е ???????????? Ф??????╗, ?????????????, ??????????, 2014 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????..................................................................................................7 ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????...............................................14 Да1. ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а?? ??????????..........................15 Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ?а?????????????????......................33 Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????.......47 ????? II. ???????? ?????????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????...........................................................................54 Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????..........54 Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ????????..............................................65 Да3. ?????????? ???а??????? ????????................................................84 Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ??????????.................................90 Да5. ?????????? ????????..................................................................102 Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????.............................119 ????? III. ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????..........................................................................128 Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ???????????????........................................130 Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ? ???? ????????? ????????????.................................................148 Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????.....................................159 3 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????...........................................236 Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????.....246 Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????...............................275 ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????.................................................293 Да1. ????, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ??????????.................294 Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????............................295 Да3. ??????? ????????.........................................................................312 Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ??????........................................315 ??????????.........................................................................................328 ?????? ???????????? ??????????.......................................................346 ??????????........................................................................................366 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Chapters Content Introduction..............................................................................................7 Chapter I. Legal Bases of International Air Transport Operations Regulation..............................................................................................14 Да1. International Multilateral Conventions.............................................15 Да2. National Law. Conflict of Law Issues. General Problems of Harmonization and Modification.....................................................33 Да3. Contractual Bases of Carriage. General Conditions of Carriage.........47 Chapter II. Air Carriage Agreement (Contract of Carriage by Air)............54 Да1. Definition of International Air Carriage Agreement..........................54 Да2. Legal Nature and Kinds of the Agreement. ? Transport Documentation................................................................65 Да3. Air Carrier as aаParty of the Agreement.............................................84 Да4. Form of the Carriage Agreement. Transport Documentation............90 Да5. Agreement Contents......................................................................102 Да6. Cancellation and Modification Conditions.....................................119 Chapter III. Transport Relations Parties? Liability.................................128 Да1. Parties to be Charged and Legal Nature of Liability........................130 Да2. Grounds for Claim. Types of Damage............................................148 Да3. Amount of Compensation. Reimbursement Procedure...................159 Да4. Causal Nexus.................................................................................236 Да5. Release of Liability.........................................................................246 Да6. Air Carrier Liability Insurance........................................................275 Chapter IV. Action for Damages............................................................293 Да1. Who can be aаplaintiff?...................................................................294 5 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. Filing aаsuit....................................................................................295 Да3. Statute of Limitations.....................................................................312 Да4. Jurisdiction....................................................................................315 Conclusion............................................................................................328 Bibliography.........................................................................................346 Appendix...............................................................................................366 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ???? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????????, ????????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????????. ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????? ????? ??????? ????. ?а????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??? ??????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ??????????. ??а???? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? 80% ????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?????????. ? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????? ??а140 ???????????? ?????????????. ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????, ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???? ???? ?????????. ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??? ????? ????????? ??????????. ?а????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????. ?а????? ?? ?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????-???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?а????? ????? ??а??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????7 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? 1929а?. (?????а? ?????????? ?????????), ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?а?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????? ?а?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????. ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ????????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????? ????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?а????? ?????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? 1999а?. (?????а? ???????????? ?????????), ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??а?? ??? ??? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????, ?????????????, ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??а????? ???????????? ??а??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?., ?а??????? ?а????????? ????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????-????????????? ??????? ?????? ??I ?. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????, ????, ??? ??????????. ?? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??а????????, ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ??а?? ??????????? ????????? ?а????????????, ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??а????? ?????????. ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???8 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??а???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????, ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????, ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ???????????, ????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????, ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ???????????????, ?????????????????? ?а????????????????? ?????? ????, ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????, ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???а???????? ?а????????????? ??????. ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????????, ??а??????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?а???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а?????????????а?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????? ???? ??????? ?.?.а???????????, ?.?.а???????1, ?.?. ???????2. ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?.: ????. ???., 1981. 286 ?.; ?? ??. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????а// ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?.а145?190. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ?.: ?????, 1987. 9 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ?? ?а???????? ?а70?80-? ???? ??????? ?.?. ????????, ?.?.а??????????, ?.?.а??????????1, ?.?. ??????? ?а??. ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????. ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????, ???а???????, ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????, ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????2. ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?.?. ??????? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????3. ?????????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????? ??а?????????? ?.?. ???????? ????????? ???? Ф????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ??????????╗4. ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?.?. ????????? ?а????? ????? Ф????????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ?????╗5. ?????? ?.?. ???????????6 ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????. 1 ? ????? ??а??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?а?а????????? ????? (??.: ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? (???????????)а/ ?.?.а?????????, ?.?. ????????, ?.?. ??????? ?а??.; ??? ???. ?.?. ?????????, ?.?.а????????. ?., 2010). 2 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?. ??????????-???????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ??????????????: ???????. ???. ... ????. ????. ????. ?., 2010; ??????????? ?.?. ?????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????: ???????. ???.а? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2011; ???????? ?.?. ??????????-???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????а// ????????????????. 2006. ?а4; ????????? ?.?. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????: ???????, ???????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2011. 3 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????: ???????. ???. ... ????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. 4 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????????? ?????????: ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ??????????а// ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????. 2004. ?а2. 5 ? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ?????а/ ??? ???. ?.?.а???????. ?.: ??????, 2008. 6 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?. ??????? ?????????. ?.: ??????, 2001; ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?????. ????? ?????????: ???????? ?а?????????, ??????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?а???? ??????? ?а????? ??????????. ?.: ??????, 2004. 10 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?а????????? ????, ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. ?а2010а?. ????????? ???????? ????????????? Ф??????? ??????╗ ???????? ????? Ф???????????? ?????????╗, ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ???: ?????? ???????, ??????? ????, ?????а????????????, ?????? ????????-???, ??? ?????1. ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????. ?а??? ?? ???? ?а?а??? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????2. ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а????????3. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?а??????? ??????4. ?????? ??а?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??? ?????5 ?а???????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????6. ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????, ????а??????, ?????????? ????? ?.а????? ?а??????????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??а?????????? ?????, ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????????, ???а???? ??????, ??? ????, ????? ?????, ?.а?????????, ?????? ??????, ?. ???????, ?. ??????? ?а??. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ???а???????, ????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ????????? ??а??? ??????????? ????????? ?????1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Austin; Boston; Chicago; New York; The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer, 2010. 2 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. The Netherlands.: Kluwer Law International BV, 2010. 3 ? Shawcross & Beaumont on Air Law (4th ed. rev., 2009, Lexis Nexis). 4 ? Dempsey P.S., Milde M. International Air Carrier Liability: The Montreal Convention of 1999. McGill University. Institute of Air & Space Law. 2005. 5 ? Unmack Tim. Civil Aviation: Standards and Liabilities. London, Hong Kong. LLP.а1999. 6 ? Whalen Thomas J. The New Warsaw Convention: The Montreal Conventionа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXV. Number 1. 2000. 11 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ?а?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????, ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?? ????????????? ??????????. ?а????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ???а?а???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????????? ????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????-????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1999а?. ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????а?? (?????а? ??а??, ??) 1997а?., ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????-????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????, ?????????-????????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???? ?а??????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????, ?????????? ????????????-????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????? ????. ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????????????, ???????? ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ?а???????????. ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ????, ???????????? ??????? ???????????, ????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ?? ???????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??а????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а?????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ???? ?а?????? ?? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????12 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ???????? ???? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????, ???а???????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???а????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????????. ?????????????? ????????? ????????-???????????? ????? ???а??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ??а??????? ?а??????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ?а?? ??????????? ?а???????? Ф????????? ?????╗. ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?а??????????? ????????. ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????. Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а???? ????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ????, ?а??? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ?а????? ???????????? ????а? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ???. ??? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??????? 1944а?. ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??а???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????. ???????????????????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???? ???????, ?????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ?? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????, ????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ??а?????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????????, ??????????, ????????? ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? (?????????????) ?а?? ??????????, ????????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????. ????????? ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????-???????? ?????, ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: ??????? ????14 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????, ?а?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????,а? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а????. ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?а?????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????. ????? ???????, ?а??????? ???????? ????, ???????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????-???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????, ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????, ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????-???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а???????? ????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????????. ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????а? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????, ?а????? ???????, ?а???????????, ??????????????????а? ?а??????, ??? ??????????, ??????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ?????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????, ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. Да1. ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????????? 1. ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ??а???? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?а30-? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а???? ?????????? ??????????а? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а???? ???????. ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ??15 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? (?????????? ????????? 1929а?.), ??????????? ????? 150 ??????????, ??????? ??????1. Ф?????????? ???????╗а? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? 1929а?., ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????????????? ?????????: ? ???????? ???????? 1955а?.,2 ?????????? ?????????? ?????????; ? ?????????????? ????????? 1961а?.3 ?а??????????, ?????????????? ?????, ????, ??? ?????????? ??а????????; ? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а14, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????; ? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а25, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? 1955а?.; ? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а46, ?????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? 1955а?. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?а????? ??а???? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?а??????. ??????? ???????????, ????????, ?а???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??а?? ???????? ?а??? ??????? ?а????? ?????????? ????????? (?.а2 ??.а??I ?а??III ????????? ?????????). ?? ????? ????????, ???а????????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??-??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????, 1 ? ??????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ??.: ?? ????. 1934. ?а20. ???. 2; ??. ?????: ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????. 1981. ?.а336?347. 2 ? ICAO Doc. 7632. ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? 09.02.1957 (????????? ?? ????. 1957. ?а6. ??.?136). ??????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ??.: ????????? ?? ????. 1957. ?а8. ??.?217; ??. ?????: ????????????? ????????? ?????. ?.а348?356. 3 ? ICAO Doc. 8181. ????????? ????????? ???? 18.09.1961, ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? 15.08.1983 ?а9820-X. ??????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ??.: ????????? ?? ????. 1984. ?а7. ??.?113. 4 ? ICAO Doc. 9145. 5 ? ICAO Doc. 9146. 6 ? ICAO Doc. 9148. 16 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????????, ????????????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? 1929а?., ?а???????? ????????? 1955а?., ?а????? ?а?????????????? ?????????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ??а?????????? ?а????: ????????????? ???????? 1971а?., ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? 1955а?.1, ?а???????????? ?????????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а32, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? 1955а?. ?а????????????? ?????????? 1971а?. ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ???а???? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?а???? ??????????? ????????????? ??а????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? Ф????????????????? ??????╗ ???????????? ????????????? ?????, ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????. ???? ???? ????? ???????, ??а???? ????????? ??????? ?а?????????. ???????? ???????? 1955а?. ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а2 ????. ?? ?????????? ?а???? ????????????? ???????? 1971а?. ???????? ??? ??? ?а6 ??? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????, ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????. ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??а??????? ????????? ??????, ?а1975а?. ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?а4, ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ???????????, ??а??????? ??????? ?а??????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????. ?????????????? ????????? 1961а?. ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ??а???????? ??????? ?????????, 1 ? ICAO Doc. 8932. ? ICAO Doc. 9147. 2 17 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?? ????????????, ????????? ??а??????? ?а??????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ??????????, ???а??? ???? ???????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????1, ??????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ??????????, ?а????????? ?? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????????2. ??? ??а????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??а???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?а?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ??а?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????????, ?а??а???????? ???????? ?????????, ???а?а???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?а???????????3. ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????? (??.а30), ???????? ????????, ????? ????а? ??а?????????? ?а????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??а??????? ??а??????????? ?????. ???????????? ???????? ?а4 ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????: ??????????, ?????????, ??????? ?а???????????. ????????? ???????????????, ???а?а?????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ???????? ????????. ???????? ???????? ??????????, ???а?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????, ?а????? ?а??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?а??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????, ??а??????????? ??а???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????4 ?а????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?а????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ?а??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???1 ? ???????? ????????: ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? 1966а?., ?????????? ???? ??а??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??а??????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ?а1995 ?а1996а??. (IATA Intercarrier Agreement of 1995, Agreement on Measures to implement the IATA Intercarrier Agreement of 1996). 2 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ?????, 2011. ?.а805. 3 ? Hanneke L. van Traa-Engelman. Legal Symposium 99?IATA Airline Conference, Madrid, February 1999а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXIV. Number 3. 1999. 4 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?а????????????? ?????. ?.: ????. ???., 1975. ?.а191. 18 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?????? ?????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??а??? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. 2. 28 ??? 1999а?. ?а??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????: ?а?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? (????) ?а???????? ?????????????? 121а??????????? ?а11 ????????????? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? (???????????? ????????? 1999а?.)1, ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??I ?. ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?а???, ???а?а????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? 80 ??? ?????, ??а???? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?а??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????, ???а?а??????? ?а????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????????? ??????????. ????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ???????? ??, ???а??? ?а?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?а???? ???????. ????? ???????, ??????-??????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????1 ? ICAO Doc. 9740; DCW Doc. Noа57, 28/5/99; ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?аФ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????╗ (?., 2001. ?а1. ?.а314?399). 19 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?а????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ?????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ???????? ??????????? ????, ??а??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? 1929а?. ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????, ??????????, ????????, ?????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?? ?????????????? ???, ??????????? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. 4 ?????? 2003а?. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????. ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????? ?а??? ?????????? ????? 100. ??????? ????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????, ???а?а??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????. ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ???а?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????1. ????? ???????, ??а???????????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ????, ????, ?????????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?а????????? ??? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ???????, ???????, ??????. ???????? ?а?.а???????? 22 ?????? 2007а?. ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? Ф??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?а????? ??а????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????????а? ?????????? ???╗ ???????? ?а???? ??? ??????. ?а??? ???????? ??????: Ф?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????/????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??????, ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? 1 ? Cheng B. AаNew Era in the Law of International Carriage by Air: From Warsaw (1929) to Montreal (1999)а// International and Comparative Law. Quarterly. 2004. Vol.а59. ?а4. P.а859. 20 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? 1929а???? ?а???????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??а??????????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а????╗. ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а?????????? ??????, ????????? ?а??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?? ?????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??а??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ??????а? ??а????. ???? ????: ?? ??? ??? ???? ??а??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???????. ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????, ????????, ??????????? ??а?????? ??а?? ????????????? ???????? ?а??????????, ??а?а?? ????????????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??а????? ?????????????. ????? ??? ?а????? ???????? ????? ?а????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? Ф???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? (2010?2015а????)╗ ?????? ????????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????1. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????? ???а????????, ??? ?а90-??а???? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а????? ???????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????, ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????, ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????, ???а?а?????? ????????????а? ????????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ??????? ????? ??а???? ????????????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ???1 ? ????????????? ?????????????а?? ?? 05.12.2001 ?а848 (???. ?? 18.04.2011) Ф?а??????????? ??????? ????????? Ф???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? (2010?2015а????)╗. 21 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?? ????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????????????. ??а????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??а???. ?а?????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ???а????????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?.а4 ??.а15 ???????????а?? ?а?.а2 ??.а7 ???????????? ???????а?? (?????а? ??а??, ??), ??.а3 ?????????? ???????а?? ???? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????, ??а??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??а????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????, ?а??? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?а????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??а??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?а?????????. ????? ???????, ?а????????? ?????? ?а???? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ????? ????????а? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??а??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????. ??? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??? ?????????, ??????????? ?? (??? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗), ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ?а???. ?????? ????????, ???а???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ??а??????????? ?????????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. 3. ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????????? Ф?????????? ?????22 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??╗, ?а????? ???????, ?а???????????? ??????????а? ?а??????, ????????? ?????? ?а????????????? ?? ????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??.а55 ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????, ???а????????????? ??????????? ?а??? ??а?????? ????????? ????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ?а????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????????, ??а??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????? 1929а?. ????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??а????? ?? ??????????. ?????? 55 (?.а1) ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????????? ???? ?а????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ???????????? ?а???, ????? ??????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ??? ??????? ?а????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????а? ????????? ???????????? ????????? (?.а2 ??.а55). ??????? ?? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ???????? ?а???? ?а????????? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?а???????????, ??а??????????? ?а????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???? ??????? ?а?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ??????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ??а??? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??а?????? ????????????? ????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?а???, ???а?а??? ??? ???????? 40 ?????, ???????? ??а??????? ???? ????????????????1. ????? ?????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а(???) ?а?????????? ?? ??????????, ??????????? ??а?????????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ?????????2. ?????? ?а?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????. 4. ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? 1 Ф???????а? ???????????╗, ?а???????????? ?????????а? ?????? 1 Ф????? ?????????╗. ???????? ??.а1 ???????????? 1 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????????????-???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: ?????? ?а????????а// ????????????????. 2009. ?а1. ?.а29. 2 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Austin; Boston; Chicago; New York; The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer, 2010. Art. 2?55. 23 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ????????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????????, ?????????? (??.а101 ??а??) ?а?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??а?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??а??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??а?????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? (?????????) ??а?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? (???????? ?????????), ???? ???? ??? ??а????????? ?а?????????. ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ??а??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???а?????????????. ?а????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????????1. ???????, ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ????????????????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????????, ?а????????????, ?????? ?а??????????. ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ???а??? ?????? ?а?.а2 ??.а1 ????? ???????????? ?????????: Ф????????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ??а?????????? ???? ??????????-??????????, ???? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? 1 ?а? ????? ?а???? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??а??, ???????????? ?а??????? ?? 23 ??????? 2005а?. ?а????05-732 ??а????????? ??.а3 ?????????? ????????? (??? ?????????????, ???а??????????, ?????????????? ?а????? ?????? ??а?????? ?? ??а?????????????, ?? ??а???????????????? ???????? ?а?????????) ?а??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? (????????? ??а??. 2006. ???????. ?а10). ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??а?? ?? 17.11.05 ?а???05500 ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ??????????????, ???а???? ????????????? ?.а4 ??.а15 ???????????а?? ???, ???а??? ?????? ??а?? ?а?????? ????, ??а????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??а??? ?????????? ?????????, ???а???????? ?а????? ???????????? ?а?? ???????, ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????. (?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??? ??????????? ??а?????????? ??????, ?????????? ??а??????, ?а?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ?а????? ?а??? ?????? ??а????????? ??а???????? ???????????.) ????????? ?а???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??. Да4а??. II ????????? ?????. 24 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????-?????????, ???? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????-??????????. ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ??а??????????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ???а?????????????╗. ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??а??????? ????1, ?а??? ????? ?а??????????? ???????2, ?а???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?а???, ???а?а?????????????? Ф???????? ??????????? ??????╗ ????? Ф??????╗ ?????????? ?а????????? ?????, ???а???????? ?а??????? ????????? ??? ???а??????? ???????????????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ?а???? ?? ?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???а??з???? ?????????. ??а????? ?? ???? ?.а2 ??.а1 ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? Ф???????? ??????????? ??????╗ ????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????,а? ???? ????? ???????? ?а??????????. ?а???? ?? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????3. ????? ???????, ??? ????, ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ??????????, ????? ??? ???????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ?а?????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????????, ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????, ????????, ?а?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????????, ??????????? ???????????? ?а????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ??????????, ????? ????? ????????1 ? ??????????? ????????????? ?????. ?. 3. ?.: ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????, 1997. ?.а601?607. 2 ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а?????????, ??????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????????????. ???. VIII. ?., 1935. ?.а326?339. 3 ? ?????????? ??????? ??.: ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?.а??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?. 337. 25 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?а????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????, ??????????? ?а??????????????? ?????????. ?? ???? ??а????????? ??а???????????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ??а??? ?а??????????????? ????????? ??а?????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ??, ???а???????, ????? ?????????, ???????? ????????, ?????????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????. ?????????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ???????? ?а??????, ??????????? ??? ??а??????????? ?а?????????, ???? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ??а?а???? ?.а2 ??.а1 ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????, ??? ???????, ???а???? ????? ????????? ?а??????а? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????1. ????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ?а?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????????, ?а???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????????. ????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ?а????????? ?а??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ?а??? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ??а??????? ?а?????? ?а??????? (?????а? ??????а? ?????) ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?????? ??а?????????. ? ????????????? ????? ????????????, ???а????????????? ??????? ??а??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????, ??а??????????? ??? ??????????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????, ???а???? ??а?????, ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ?а????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ???????????2, ?????????3 ?????????, ?????????? ?????, ???1 ? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??.: Tompkins G.N., Jr. The Montreal Convention and the Meaning of ФDestination╗ in Article 31 (1)а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXII/3, June 2007. P.а224?226. 2 ? ????????? ??? ?а??????? ????????? ??????. (Ф??????????? ???????╗). (????????? ?а???????? 31.03.1978.) 3 ? ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? (????) (????????? ?а?????? 19.05.1956.) 26 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ????????. ???, ???????? ??.а10 ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? 1924а?.1 ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ?а????? ??а???????????????? ??????????. ?а???????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а1 ???? ??? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ????????????, ??а??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????, ?????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?а????? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??а????????. ? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????, ??а?а?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??а???????????? ?????????, ?а??????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?а???? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ???а??? ?а??? ????? ?????????? ?а??????, ??а???? ??а????? ??????????, ??а??? ????????????????? ??????????? ????: ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ???а?а???? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, ????????, ?????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?а?????????? ??а???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????? (?????а? ??????а? ?????) ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????????, ??, ????????? ?????, ?а??????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?а???. ???????? ????????, ???а?????????? ??? ?а???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ??а????? ??????????? ???, ???? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????. ???????а? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а?? ??????????. ??? ????????, ???а?????????? ???????1 ? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????? (????????? ?а???????? 25.08.1924). 27 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?а??????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а??????, ????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ?а???? ????, ???а??? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ???? ??а?????? ?а???? ?? ??.а26. ????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ??а?????????, ????????, ??а???????? ?????а? ??????а? ?????, ??а??? ????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????????? ?а?? ???????????? ???????? ??????????. ?а?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ??а????????? ??а???????? ??????а? ?????а? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?а?????????? 20а000а????. ???. ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????, ?а?????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ????? ?а?????,а? ?а???????? ?а?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ??? ??? ?????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??? ??????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ?а???, ???, ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??а??? ????? ??? ??????? ??а???????? ??????а? ?????а? ??????, ???? ????? ??????????? ??а?????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ????? ??????????, ???а??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????? ?????? ??а????????? ??????. ??, ???а???????, ????????? ???????????, ??????? ??а???????? ????? ??????????????? ?а???????????? ???????, ???а??? ?????? ????????. ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ???? ???????? ??, ???а??????????? ??а??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????1. 1 ? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? Ф??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?а????? ??а????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????????а? ?????????? ???╗ (??????? ?а?. ???????? 22 ?????? 2007а?.). 28 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? 5. ?а????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а???????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???????, ???? ???? ??????? Ф??????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????╗ ??? ???? ???? ??а?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????, ?а????????? ????????? ?????????????, ??? ???????, ???а??? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???а?????? ????????. ??? ????????, ???а???? ???? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????????, ????????, ?а??????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ?а???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??а????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?а????????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??а?????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а????? ?????????, ??а?а???? ?а??? ??????, ????, ????????, ?а?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?а???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??а???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????. ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ???а???????? ????????? ?а??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????. ??? ????, ???? ???? ??а?????-???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ????????????????. ????, ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????????, ???а??????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???а?????? ????????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?а????? ?а??? ?? ????? ?а?а???? ?а?? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ???????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??а???????? ???а??????????????? ?а?.?. ???? ?? ??а???????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? (??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????) ????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ??а???? ??????? ??а????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???а?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? 29 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?а???????? ????? ??? (????????, ???-????) ?а????? ?а????????????? ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????????1. 6. ?? ?????? ??. Iа? II ????? ????????? ????????, ???а??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ?????????????????. ???? ???? ????????? ??????????? Ф????????????? ?????????╗, ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? Ф?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?а????? ???????????╗, ?????????? ????, ???а??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??а?????. ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ?????????, ??, ???а???????, ?а????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????????, ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????????, ????????, ??а?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????? ?а?????????, ???? ???????????, ???а??? ?????? ??а???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ?а????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а??а????????, ?а????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. 7. ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ???????? ?.а1 ??.а1, ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??а?????. ??? ??????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ???????, ???а????? ????????? ?????????????? Ф???????????? ????????? ?????????╗ (?? ??.а1 ???????????? ?????????а? Ф???????????????? ????????????╗). ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??а??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? (????????, ??????? ?а?????? ??а??? ??????? ????????), ??? ??а?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????, ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. 1 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. Kluwer Law International BV. The Netherlands. 2010. ?. 86. 30 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? 8. ????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? (?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????). ?????? ???????? ???????? (??.а??VI), ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????-????????? ??????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ??а???, ??а????? ???????????????? ??а?????????, ?????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????, ??? ???????, ???а????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ?????, ?????????????????? ?а???? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????. ??а????, ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??а??????. ???????????? ????????? (??.а57) ?????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????-????????? ??????? ???????? ?а????????????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??а?????? ?а???????, ??а?а?а?????? ?????????????? ????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????, ????????, ???, ?????? ?а??? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??а????, ???а?????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??а?????????. ?????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?а????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ?а????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????-???????????? ???????? (??.а34). ??????????? ?? ????????? ?а?????????, ?а????? ???????????? ????????? (??.а51) ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????. ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ??????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ??а???????????. 9. ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? (??.а1 ?????????). ??? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ?.а2 ?а3 ??.а2 ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а????????? ???????????????. ?а????????? ????????? 31 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ???????????. 10. ????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ???а?а????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????. ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???????? ?а???????, ?????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ???????, ???????, ???а????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ??? ?? ???а?а??????????? ??а?????? ????? ??????????, ?а????????? ??а???????, ??????????, ???а???????????? ?.?. ?????????, ????? ??????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а??? ??????????????? ????1. ???????? ??.а26 ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????, ??? ???, ??????? ?а??? ??????????. ???????? ??.а49 ???????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????. ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??а??.а23 ?а32 ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? ??.а24 ?????????? ?????????, ??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ???а????? ??? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? (????????, ?????????????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ?????????) ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ??а????????. ?а??????? ?? ??.а25? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??.а30 ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ????????????, 1984. ?.а78. 32 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? (????????? ??.аДа1, 3 ?а5а??. III). Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ?а????????????????? 1. ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?, ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????, ????? ?а????????? ?а?? ????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??а??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?а????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ????????, ????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ?? ?а?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????-???????????? ?????, ????????? ?????????, ?а?? ?????? ??????? ?а????????, ????????? ?а???????????????? ??????????? (?? ?????, ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??????????, ?а?.?.). ????????????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??а?????? ?????????, ???а???????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????1. ????? ????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????, ???? ?а???????? ????????? 1955а?. ??? ???? ??????????? ????, ?а???? ?.а2 ??.а??I ?а?.а2 ??.а??III ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?а???? ???????????, ??а?????????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ????????????? ?а???? ?????????, ???а????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ?а?????????? ????? ????????????а? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????а? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?., 1981. ?.а58. 33 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??а?????? ???????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????, ?а??????, ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??а????????????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????, ?а????????? ???????????? ??????: ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ???а???????, ??а???????? ?????? ??а???? ??????. ???????????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????. ??????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ??а??????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ???????????????, ?а???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????, ???????????????? ????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????? ????? ??а????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? (?.а6 ??.а22). ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? (?.а4 ??.а33) ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? (?.а2 ??.а35). ?а???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ?????????? ?а?????? ??????????а? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ???????? (?.а1 ?а2 ??.а23). ?????? ?а??? ????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ??а???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?а????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а??????????????? ???? ?????????? ?а????????? ????. ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????а? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???? ????????????? ????????а? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а????? ??а??????????? ?????????????. ?а????? ??а????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???аФ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?а????????????╗1. 1 ? ???????? ?.?. ???????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????а// ?????? ??????????? ?????. 2010. ?а8. ?.а120?126. 34 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ???????, ???а???????, ???????? ?????????????, ???????????? ???????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ????????. ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?а??????? ?.?. ????????, ???????? ?а80-? ????? ???????? ????????1. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????. ?? ????????? ????, ?а?????????, ???????? ?а???? ??????? ???? ??????????. 2. ???????????? ???????????? ???? ?а????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????????. ?????????? ???????????????? (??.а1211 ??а??) ??а????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ?????????? ?а????? ??????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а1211 ??а?? ????? ???????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ?а???? ??.а1202 ??а?? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????????????? ????????????-?????????? ????????? (???????????????). ?????? 1212 Ф?????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?а???????? ???????????╗ ??а??, ???????? ?? ?.а3, ?а???????? ????????? ??а???????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??а???????? ??а????? ???? ????? ??а????????? ?а?????????? (?????????? ?? ????????? ?а????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????), ?а????????? ??а???????? ?а????? ?????????????? ????????????, ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????????????? ??????, ?а?? ?а???????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??а????? ????????????. ? ??????? ???????? ?????? (??????, ??????? ????????, ????????? ?а??.) ??? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?а??????, ??????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????. ??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ????а? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??а?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ????2. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?., 1981. ?.а46?67; Sadikov O.N. Conflict of Law in International Transport Lawа// Recueil des cours. Vol.а190 (1985-I). ?. 199?270. 2 ? ????????? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а13?14. 35 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ????????????. ???а???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????? ????????, ???? ??а???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????1. ???????????? ???????????? ???? ?а????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????. ????? ?а????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а?????? ??а??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????: ??????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????, ??????????, ?????????, ????????, ?????? ????? ?а?.?. ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????2. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????, ????? ??????, ?а??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ????????????, ????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ??????, ??? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?а??. ??а?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ???а???????, ????????????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?а?????? ??????????????. ???, ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ???а???????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? (lexаloci contractus), ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????а? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? (lex rei sitae), ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? (lex loci solutionis)3. ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а??????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?., 1981. ?.а59. 2 ? ??. ??? ??. ?.а60. 3 ? ??. ??? ??. ?.а63. 36 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????. ???, ??а?????, ?????????? ?а????? ?а???????????? 31 ??????? 2000а?. ??????????????? ?а?????? (???????), ???????? (???????????? Ф???????????? ?????????╗) ?????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ?????????????? ??? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????, ?а? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????а? ????? ???????1. ?????? 800 ??а?? ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????????, ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??а?????????????? ??а?????????? ????? (??.а59 ??). ??? ???????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? (??.а1219 ??). ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??а????????? ???? ??.а1219 ?? ??????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??.а1220а??, ???????????, ?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а1219 ??а??, ?а??????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а4 ??????????а(??) ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?? 11 ???? 2007а?. ?а864/2007 Ф?а?????, ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????????╗ (???-II) ?а????????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??а????????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????, ??а?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????. ?.?. ?????? ?????????? ?а??????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?а??а??, ???а??????????? ??а????????? ?а??.а1219 ??а??2. ??? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????1 ? Air Crash at Taipei, Taiwan, On October 31, 2000. Case No. 01-MDL-1394 GAF (RCx) (C.D.Cal.2002). 2 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. ?.а10. 37 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???, ???а????????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а????????, ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??а??????? ???????????, ?а??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ?.а1 ??.а1219 ??а?? ?а??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????. ??-??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??.а1219 ??а?? ?????????????????, ???, ?а?????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ?а?????? ??????, ??а????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?а???? ??????. ????? ?.а1 ??.а1219а? ???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????а? ?а?????? ??? ??а?? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? (???-II) ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????, ?а??????? ???? ??????? ?????. ?а???????? ??????? ?.а1 ??.а4 ?????????? ??????????? ???а????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?а?????????????? ????, ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ??а?????? ?.?. ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??а????????? ?а???????? ?.а1 ??.а1219, ?а????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ????? ??а???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? (?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а?.?.)1. ??????, ??а?????? ??????, ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? (?????????) ??а??????? ??? ???????????, ???а???????, ?????????? ?????? Ф? ?????? ??????╗, ?.?. ??а????? ??1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????. ?????? VI Ф????????????? ??????? ?????╗а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ????????. ?., 2010. ??.?1219. 38 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??а?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а???? ????? ?????? ??а???????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????????, ???а???? ????????а? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ????????. ???????? ??.а1219 ?? ??? ?????, ??а?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????. ??? ???????? ?.?. ????????, ?а???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? (????????, ??.а3126 ?? ???????, ??.а40 ???????? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????????) ?????????? ????? ??????, ?а??????? ???? ????????, ????????? ???? ?а???????????1. ????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а?а??????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? Ф???????????????╗ ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????????. ??-??????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а1219 ??а?? ?а??????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а????????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?а??? ?? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????????????, ??? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ?а???????????? ??а??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????. ????? ?.а2 ??.а1219 ??а?? ???????????????? ??а?????? ??а??????????, ??а?а?? ??????????? ?????????? ?а????????????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? (????? ????? Ф???????????? ??????????????╗) ?????? ???????????. ??? ???? ????????????, ???а?а?????????? ???? ?????-???? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?а????????????, ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а??? ????????????. ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??.а1219 ??а??, ?а?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????? ?а??? ?? ??????, ??а????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а??? ?? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???? ??????. ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????1 ? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????. ?????? VI Ф????????????? ??????? ?????╗а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ????????. ?., 2010. ??.?1219. 39 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????╗ ?аФ???????????╗ ??????, ??а?????? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????, ?а??????? ?? ????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?.а2, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???1. ?-???????, ??? ????????????? ????????, ????? ????? ???????????, ??а?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????, ????????? ?????????? ?????, ??а?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ???, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а1219 ??а??, ????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?а????? ????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????: ???????? ??.а32 ?????????? ?а??.а49 ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????, ????????????? ???????????. ??? ??????????? ????????, ???а?а??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а???????, ???????? ??а????? ??????? ??.а1219 ??а??, ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ???????, ?????, ??????????? ?а???? ??.а1219 ??а??, ?????? ???? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?а??????, ??а????????? ?.а3 ??.а1211 ??а??. ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???, ????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??а??????? ???????? ?а? ????????????? ??.а1221 ??а?? Ф?????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????╗ ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??????, ??а?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? (??? ???? ????????? ??????, ??????? ??????), ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? (??? ??? ?????????? ?????). 1 ? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????а/ ??? ???. ?.?.а?????????, ?.?. ????????. ??.?1219. 40 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??а??.а1219 ??а??. ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?а?????????. ????????? ??.а1221 ??а?? ????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ???? ???? ?а?????? ???? ???????????, ?а?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ?????????????? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ????? ??????? Ф?????? ????????╗. ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????1. ? ????? ?а???? ????????? ??????: ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????, ???? ???, ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ???а???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????, ??а????? ??а???? ?????? ?????? ????, ???а???????, ????????????? ??а????????, ?????????? ???? (??.а1219 ??а??). ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ??а?а???? ???????????? ??.а1219 ?а1221 ??а?? ??а????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????, ???????????????? ????? ????????. ????????????? ?а???????? ?????? ?????, ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????2. ??????? ?????????, ???а????? ?????? ????? ????????, ????????, ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? (?????? ?????? ???????????) ??? ???????????? 1 ? ??.: ???????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ?????: ???????. 5-? ???., ???????. ?а???. ?.: ??????, 2006. ?.а156. 2 ? ??., ????????: ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????а// ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????: ????????? IV ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?.?. ??????? (??????, 28 ???????? 2009а?.). ?.: ?????????????, 2010. ?.а337?343. 41 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??а????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. 3. ?????? ?????? ?????????? (?????? ?а??? ??а?????????) ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?а??????, ??а??????????? ?а???? ??????????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??????, ???, ?????????, ?????? ?а??1. ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?а????? ?????? Ф????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????╗ ????????? ??????????? ????? Ф????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????╗, ?а??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????. ????? ????? ????, ??-??????, ?????????? ?????????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????, ????????????? ???? ??????????, ?а?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ??-??????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?а??????????????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?а???????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????????? ????. ????????, ???а??? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?а????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?а??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?а??а?? ?а?????????? ?а??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????, ???а?????? ?а??? ?????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ????????????? ?а?????, ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?а?? ?????????????? ??. ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???? ????? ??????????, ?????????? 1 ? ??., ????????: The Carriage by Air Acts (Implementation of the Montreal Convention 1999) Order 2002 Statutory Instrument. 2002. ?а263. 42 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ?а??.а40 Ф?????????╗, ?а????? ?а??.а59 Ф????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????╗. ????????? ??????а?? 1997а?. ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????. ???????? ??.а5 ??а?? 1997а?. ????????? ?????????????????а?? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а????????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??а??????????а??, ?а????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??а????????? ??????????а??, ???? ???? ??а????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????а??1. ??а?? ????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????, ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????, ?????? ?а??????????-????????? ??????? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????: ?????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???????, ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ?а?? ???????, ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ???????????????? (??. I?VIII). ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????????? (?????????????? ??. I?, ?V ?а?VII). ? ??????????? ?а??а?? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????, ?а?????????, ?а??? ??????????-???????? ????????. ???, ??????????????? ?????а?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? 04.12.2007 ?а331?? Ф?а???????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????╗2. ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?а?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? (??.а117,а119 1 ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?а???, ???аФ??а?? ??а????????? ???????? ??????? ??а??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????????╗. ??.: ???????? ?.?., ???????а?.?. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???а???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????а// ???????????? ?????. 2006. ?а4. ?????????? ??????? ??. ?V ??а??, ?а??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. 2 ? ????? ???????????: ??а??. 2007. ?а50. ??.?6244. 43 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а133). ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? (????????? ??. ??. III). ????????? ?а??? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ?? 01.12.2007 ?а314-??, ?а???????? ????????? ?а??а??, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ??а?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? (??.а105). ????? ??? ??????????-???????? ????? ?? ??? ?а??????? ??? ???????? ?а1997а?. ??????? ????????? ???????????, ??????????, ?????????? ?а??????? ???? ?????? ????????. ?а?????????, ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????, ????????????? ?? (?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????). ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??а???????? ??????????? (???????) ?а????????? ????? ???????, ???а??? ???? ??????? ?а?? 1983а?. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ????????? ?.а2 ??.а118 ??а?? ?а??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ????? ??а????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????, ?а????? ????????, ???????? ?а?? ??а?????? ????? ??????????. ??????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ??? ??????????? (?.а3 ??.а118, ?.а4 ??.а127, ??.а128 ?а??.). ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 29.09.1994 ?а7 (???. ?? 29.06.2010) Ф?а???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?а?????? ???? ????????????╗ ???????, ???а????? ??а?? ?а??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗, ???????, ?а?????????, ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??1. 4. ?а?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?а???????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а??? ????? ?а?????????. ?? ??????? ????????? 1 ? ?????????? ??????. 1994. ?а230. 44 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?а1967а?. ?? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ???????, ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ??а????, ??????????????? ???????????. ?а??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а?? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????? 1971а?. ?а????????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????????????? 1977а?., ?а????????а? ?????? ??????????????? 1986а?. ?а?.?. ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?а?????, ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а? ?????? ????????? ?а??? ?а??????????? ????????? ?а??????????. ? ??????? ?????-????????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???, ????? ?а????????? ?????????? 1961а?. ???? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????????????. 12 ??????? 2002а?. ?а?????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?а????????? ????????? (The Carriage by Air Acts (Implementation of the Montreal Convention 1999) Order 2002)1, ??????? ??????? ?а???? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????? ?????????. ?а??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????. ? ??????????? ????? ??? ?аФ???????? ?????????╗ ????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ?а????? ????????а? ?????? ????? ????2, ?а?????????, ??а??????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????? ??а19.05.2011 ?а3393-VI3, ?а?????????? ????????а? ????????? ?????? ?? 16.05.2006 ?а117-?.4 ?а?.?. ??а????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??а??, ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? CCC? 1983а?. ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ???а????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? 1 ? Statutory Instrument. 2002. No. 263. ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????а? ?????????? ???. ?.: ?????, 2007. ?.а118?186. 3 ? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? (???). 2011. ?а48?49. ??.?536. 4 ? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????, 25 ??? 2006а ?. ?а78,а2/1214. 2 45 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????? ?а?????? ?а??. 5. ?????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??а?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??а??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??, ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ???????????? ??а?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ?а?? ???????? ??????. ?а??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? Ф????? ????? ?????????╗ (Regulation (EC) Noа261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 ФNEW AIR PASSENGER RIGHTS╗1). ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? (Delay), ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? (Denied boarding), ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а???? ?а??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? (Cancellation). ??????? ???????????????? ??а ???? ??????????, ?????????? ??а?????????? ?????а? ?????? ??. ?????????????, ??? ????????????, ??????? ???????????, ??????????? ????? ??а?????????? ?????-?????? ??, ?????? ??? ?????????????????. ??? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ?а????????? ?????а? ?????? ?? ??а??????? ?????, ??а??????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????а? ?????? ?? ?, ???а??????????????, ??а???????????????? ??а?? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?а????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а??????? ?? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? ??а???????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ????? ?а??????а? ????? ??, ?а???? ??.а5 ??а??, ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??????1 ? Official Journal Lа046, 17/02/2004. P.а0001?0008. 46 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??а?????????а??, ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????. (????????? ??а???? ???????? ??. Да3 ?а5а??. III.) 21 ?????? 2004а?. ??????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а785/2004 Ф?а??????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????╗ ????? ???????????, ????????????????, ?а????? ????? ???????? ??????1 (????????? ??. Да6а??. III). 5 ???? 2006а?. ?????? ????????? (EC) ?а1107/2006, ?????????? ???? ????????? ?а??? ?а???????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????? ?????2. ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????, ????????? ??а?????? ???? ???????? ?????????????. ??? ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????? ???? ?? ??а?????????? ?????? ?? ?а??????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ?а??????? ??а????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?а????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ??????????. (????????? ??а???? ??. Да3 ?а5а??. III.) Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? 1. ?????? ??а???? ?????? ??а??? ???????, ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????, ???????, ?а?????????, ??.а102 ??а?? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?а?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ??а????????? ?????? ????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? (???) ???? ?? 16.01.1985 ?а19. 1 ? Official Journal Lа138/1, 30/04/2004. ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????? ??????а? ??? ???? ?а???????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????????а// ??????? ???????????? ?????. 2007. ?а2. ?.а14. ??. ?????? Ф????????????? ???? ?а??????? ?????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????????? ?а??????? ?а??????? ?????? ?????????????╗ ?а??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? Ф?а????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ??????????а? ?????????? ???╗ (?????? ?аФ????????...╗). ??????? ?а?. ???????? 14.11.2008. 2 47 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ????????????? ???????? ??? ???? 03.01.1986 ?а1/? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??а??????????? ????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????. ??а????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????, ????????????? ??а?????? ?? ????????. ?а??????? 2007а?. ???????? ?а???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????╗, ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82 (?????а? ????? ??????? ?????????)1. ? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ??????? ??а??????????, ??????????????? ??????? (????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????) ?аФ???????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (?????????? ???????) (?????а? ????????? ?????)╗. ???????? ?.а3 ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????, ??????????????, ???????? ?а???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????, ??а??????????, ?а?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??а??, ???а???????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????а?? ?а????????? ?????????, ???????????. ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?а?? ?????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????????. ??? ????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а?? ????????? ?а????????????? 1 ? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??а??????? ????????????? ????, ???????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??а?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????? ???. 48 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????, ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??а?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????. ?а???, ?а?????????, ??????????? ??????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ????????? ????, ??????? ??а???? ???? ???????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ????????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????. ?????? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???а??????? ????????? ???????????? Ф????????╗: ???? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?а??????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???а?????? ?а??????????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ???????? ??.а10 ?? ???? ??????????? ?????. ? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??а??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??а??.а102 ??а?? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???а??? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?а?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ????????????????? ?а????????????????. ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??а????????? ?? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??? Ф????????а? ?????????? ?????????╗ ?а2000а?. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ??а?? ??????????. ??? ??а????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??а????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ?а??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????. ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ??а????49 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ????????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ?а???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? (????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????? ???????? ??? ?????????). ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ?а?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????, ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????а? ????: ????? ??????? ????????? (????????? ?а?????)а? ????????? ???? 1724 ?а??????? ????????? ??????а? ????????? ???? 1601 (?????а? ??????? ????????? ????)1. ????а? ??? ????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????2. ?а?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??а???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а?? ?????, ????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?а?????? ?? ?????????? ?а?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????3. ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? (????????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????)4. ??????? ?а???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ??а?????????? ?а?????? ???? ??????????? ????????1 ? IATA Recommended Practice 1724. General Conditions of carriage (passenger and baggage). Passenger Services Conference Resolutions Manualа// 21st edition. 2001; IATA Recommended Practice 1601. Conditions of carriage for cargo). Cargo Services Conference Resolutions Manualа// 21st edition. 2001. 2 ? ?а????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?а?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????????? ??а??????????? ??.: ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 1. ?., 1980. ?. 232? 234. (?????? ?????а? ?.?. ????????, ?.?. ???????.) 3 ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 05.09.2008 ?а141 Ф??а??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????╗. ???????????????? ?а??????? ?????? 29.09.2008 ?а12356. 4 ? IATA Resolution 600bа? Air Waybill Conditions of Contract. 50 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а???????. ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ???а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????1. ??? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а?? ??????????? ?а??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ?????? ??а??? ?а???????? ????? ??????????????? ?а??? ?????? ???????? ??????? (??.а5 ??а??) ?а????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????, ??а?а??????? ?? ???????? ????????????????. ????????? ?????????????? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?а???????? ???????. ??? ??а????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????-???????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?а??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????????? ???????. 3. ?????? ?а???????????? ???? ?а???? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ???? ???????????? ??????. ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ???а????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????????, ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????????????? ?а?????????????? ???????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ???а????????????, ??? ?а?? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ???? ?а19662, ?а????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???? ??а??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??а??????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?а1995 ?а1996а??.3 1 ? Rudolf A. Die neuen IATAа? BefШrderungsbedingungen fur Fluggaste und GepСckа// Luftrecht. 1971. Nа3. 2 ? ????? ?????????? ??.: Zeitschrift fЧr Luftrecht. 1968. ?а1. S.а82?84. 3 ? ???????? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ????????? ??аc????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????????? ????? 130 ????????????, ?а??? ????? ????????, ???, ?????? ???????, ??? ?????, ??????? ????????, ?????, ????????, ??????. 51 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? I. ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??а???? ?????????? ???????? ?а????? ?а???, ???а??? ?а????? 60-? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????. ?а????? ?а??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????а? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ?а?? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???1. ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а??? ?????????? ?а????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? (??????????? ???????????????) ??а??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?а??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ? ?????? 70-? ????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?????? ??? ??????????? Ф???????????? ??????????╗ ???????? ?? 58 ???.а????. ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??а???????????? ????????? ?????. ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а???? ??????????? ???? ?а???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????????, ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ??а????????? ????????????, ???а????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????????. ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????-???????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?а????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????????????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ?а?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?а1971а?. ?????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а????1 ? Civil Aeronautical Board (CAB) Order E-23680 (May 13. 1966). 52 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????, ?а????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?., ????????? ??а??????? ?????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????. ???????? ????????? ??????, ??????, ??а?????, ??????? ????????????? ?а??? ????????? ??а???????????, ?а????? ??а??? ??а??? ???? ??? ?а?? ???????? ?а????. ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??а?????? ???????? 90-? ?????, ??а??? ?а????? ??????? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????, ??????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? (????), ???????????? (????????? ??? ?? 09.10.1997 ?а2027) ?а????????????? (??????????????, ??????) ????? ??????????, ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??а????????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????????, ???а????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???? (1995 ?а1996а??.) ?????? ??? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????. ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????, ?а??? ????? ?а????????1. ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1999а?. 1 ? ?????? ??? Ф????????а? ???╗ ?? 30.03.1999 ?а109. Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ???????? ?????????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? 1. ?а?????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?а??.а103 ??а??, ???????, ???а??? ???????????, ??????? ??а??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????: ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ?.а1 ???? ??????, ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ??? ????? ??а????????? ?????, ??????????? ????, ????????? ?а??????, ?а? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?????? ????. ???? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а??? ??????? ?а???? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????? ????? ??????. ????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????. ?? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ?а??????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ???а???????, ???????????????. ????? ???????? ???????, ?а??? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ????? ?????????. ?а????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????????. ????????????? ??а????????? ?????? ??а???????? ???????????????, ?а????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????, ???а???????, ??а????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????. 54 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?.а2 ??.а103 ??а??, ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????????????? ???? ??? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? (???????????????), ?а???????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? (????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????). ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???а?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????, ??а?? ????????????? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??а???? ??? ??????-???? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????????а? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ???????????, ????? ?????????? ?а??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а101 ??а??). ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а???, ???а????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?.?., ???а???????, ?а???????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ???????????а? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????, ???????????? ??? ?????????. ?????????, ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????, ???а???????, ?????????????? ????????????, ?а?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????. ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ??а???????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????. ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?а????? ?????? Ф????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????╗ ????????? ????????55 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? Ф????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????╗. ?? ????????? ??????? ?а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? 03.01.1986 ?а1/? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????. ??????????? ??а?? ????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????????? ??????????, ?а????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???а??а??????????, ??? ?а?? ????????????? ??????. ??? ??а????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? (?.а2 ??.а1), ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ?????????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ???????? ??а???? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????. ????????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ??а?????????? ???? ??????????-??????????, ???? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ???? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????-??????????. ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ??а??????????????? ??а?????? ????????? ???а?????????????. ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ?а???????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?а?????? ????, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?а???????????? ????????????, ????????, ???а??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? (???????) ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ?????????????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ?а????????? ?а???????????????? ?? ????????. ???????????? ?????? ??56 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??а???????????, ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ?а???? ?????????? ??а???? ?????????? (??????, ????????) ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (????????? ??. Да1а??. III). ???????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а???? ????? ?????????????? ?.?. ?????????1. ????????? ???????????????, ???а?????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ?? ????????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?а??а??. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а101 ??????? Ф????????????? ????????? ?????????а? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????????: ? ?????????????? ??а??????????? ???? ??????????; ? ??а?????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ???????????? ????? 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(?????????????, ????????, ?????????? ???? ?а????? ??????? ?????? ???????????.) ?????? ???? ????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????? ???????? ?а????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а146?148. 57 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ???? (??.а430 ??). ????????? ?????? ?а??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????? ??????? ??а?????1. ?а?????????, ????? ????? ???? ?.?. ?????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????2. ??? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ?а?????????, ???? ????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??а?????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?.?. ???????????? ??а???? 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(??.а224 ??а??). ?а???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????, ??а????? ?а???????????, ????????? ?а??? ???????? ?а????????????? ?? ?а????, ????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??а??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????. ?????????? ???????????, ???а???????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????????. ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???а???????? ????, ?а?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????, ?????????? ??а????? ????????, ?а??????????, ??????? ??а??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????? (??. ?.а2 ?а3 ??.а430 ??а??). 1 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а286?297. ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ???????????? ?????. ?., 2008. ?.а30?33. 3 ? ??????????? ?.?. ??????????-???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. ?.а7. 4 ? GrШnfors K. Air Charter and Warsaw Convention. Hague, 1956. P.а117. 2 58 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ???а?а??????????, ??? ?а?а?????????? ??????????1 ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? (??.а15), ??????? ????????? ????????? ??а????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ???а??а?????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????????????, ???а?? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??? ??????, Ф?? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????????, ???? ?? ??????????╗. 3. ???? ??а??????? ?а??а?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ??? ?? ???а?а??????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ??а???????? ???????? ??????, ??а?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????, ????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ????, ?????????????? ?а??. ?а???????????? ?а?.а5 ??.а790 ??а?? ?а???????, ????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??а????????? ????? ??а????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????, ?????????? ?а????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??а???? ??????? ???????????????? ???????2. ??? ??а????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??а??? ???????. ???????? ?????? ??а?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??а??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?.а5 ??.а790 ??а??3. 1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Art. 1?18. 2 ? ?а??????????? ?????? ?.а5 ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????: ?????? ????? Ф????????????╗ ?????? ???? Ф???????????╗. 3 ? ????????????? ??????? ???а?? ?? 22.06.2006 ?а23 Ф?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????а??; ??????????? ???а?? ?? 21.11.2007 ?а 12479/07; ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? 14.06.1005 ?а??-?40/4803-05; ?? 21.02.2008 ?а?? ?40/426-08 ?а??. 59 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????, ?????????, ?а?????????, ?а????????????? ?а???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????? ????? ??а???????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?аДа5 ????????? ?????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ???????? ?.а1 ??.а1, ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??а?????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?а? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ???????, ???а????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? (?? ??.а1 ???????????? ?????????а? Ф???????????????? ????????????╗). 4. ??????? Ф????????? ?????????╗, ?????? ??.а96 ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????????╗1. ???? ?? ?а???? ????? ???????????,а? ??? ???????? ???а??? ??????? ??а?а?????? ????????, ?а? ??? ??????????? (??.а428 ??а??). ?.?. ???????2, ???????? ??а??????? ??а?? 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Ф????????? ???????╗ ?аФ??????? ?????????????╗ ??., ????????: ???????? ?.?. ??????? ????????????? ?а????????? ???????: ???????? ??????????? ?а??????????????а// ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????: ????????? IV ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?.?. ???????. ?.: ?????????????, 2010. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????????? ?????. ?.: ??????? ??????, 2010. ?.а230. 3 ? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 05.06.2003 ?а????03?55 Ф??а?????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 57 ?????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ???????? ???а?? ?? 26.07.2002 ?а30╗. 62 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????╗1, ?.?. ?????, ?????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????, ???а????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?а?? ??????? ????????????? ?а??????. ??????????????, ???а?.?. ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??.а428 ??а?? ??а?а?????????? ??????, ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??а??.а428 ??а??, ????????? ?.?. ?????2, ??а????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????????: ???????????????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а102 ?а??.а105 ??а?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? (??????? ?????????) ?а???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а??????? ??????????, ?.?. ???????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????????? ??????????а??. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?а?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ??а?? ??а??.а428 ??а?? ??а????????? ???????????? ??????? ??а????? ???? ?а?????????????? ????????. ??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ??а?? ??а????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??а?????????3. ???????????? ?????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??а???????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????? ????. 1 ? ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?. 308. ? ??.: ????? ?.?. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????? ?а??????????????????? ????????????а// ??????????????????? ????????: ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?.?. ???????. ?.: ?????????????, 2008. ?.а79; ????? ?.?. ????? ????????? ?а???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???? ?а????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????????а// ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????: ????????? IV ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?.?.а??????? (??????, 28 ???????? 2009а?.). ?.: ?????????????, 2010. ?.а100. 3 ? ??????????? ??а?? ?? 12.08.2003 ?а???03?363 Ф??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 05.06.2003 ?а????03?55, ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? 57 ?????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? 26.07.2002 ?а30╗. 2 63 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????????????. 6. ??? ??а????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ???????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?а???????????? ???????????????? ?????? (?.а2 ??.а784 ??а??), ??????????? ?а?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?а????????. ?????? 33 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а27 ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?а?????????, ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????а?а??? ??а?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ????????, ???а????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??а????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????. ???????? ??? ????????? ?а??????????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ?????, ???а??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. ?????????, ????????, ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????, ?а??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????а? ?а??????, ?а????????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???а????, ???а?а??? ????? ??а?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ??а????????, ???а????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??а????? ???? ??????????. ?????????? ????????? (??.а33) ?а??.а27 ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ?а?????????? Ф??????? ????????╗, ??????????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?а???????? ????? ???????, ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. ???????? ??а??а???а?а????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а?????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ?а???? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??а??????? ???????????. ????? ????, ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???а???????, ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ?а??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? (???????????????). 64 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? 1. ?????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ?а??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???????1. ??? ??а?????, ???а????? ?.?.а??????????, Ф?????? ??????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????╗2. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??а???????????, ??а???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????????, ???????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????. 2. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??а??????????? ?????????. ??а?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? (????????) ?а???????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а?? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????а// ??????? ???????????? ?????. 2008. ?а4. (??????????? ??: ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????а// ????? ?а?????. 1922. ?а2. ?.а29?40; ?а3. ?.а7?19); ?????а?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: ???????? ?а???????а// ?????. 2008. ?а7; ??????? ?.?. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????а// ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?.а????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?. 146?147; ?????????? ?.?. ??????? ?????????. ?.:а??????, 2001. ?. 6?27; ?????? ?.?. ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ??а?????????? ?????. ?., 1958; Abraham H.J. Das Recht der Luftfahrt: Kommentar und Quellensammlung. K?ln; Berlin, 1960. S.а62; Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. ?. Art. 1, 30?31; Riese O. Luftrecht. Stuttgart, 1949. S.а421; Shawcross & Beaumont on Air Law (4th ed. rev. 2009. Lexis Nexis); Rodiere Renж. Droit des transports: transports terrestres et aeriens. Paris, 1977. ?. 267?375 ?а??. 2 ? ?????????? ?.?. ???? ???????????? ?????. ?. 2. ?., 1902. ?.а94. 65 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????. ????? ???????????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??а??????? ?????? ?а????????? ?а????????????? ????? ?а?а????????????? ??????. ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? (??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????). ?а??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? (????????, ?????????? ?а??.), ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???, ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? (????????????) ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? (?????????? ?????) ??а???? ??? ????????? ??????. 3. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????. ??????????? ??а?? ?а??????? ?? ?? ???? 1983а?. ?а??????? ?.а1 ??.а794 ??а?? ??а?????????? ???? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??.а798 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ?а??? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????????, ?? ??????????, ?????, ??????? ???????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а??????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ??????, ???а???????, ?????????????? ????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ??а????? ??????? ??????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??а????????, ??а??? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?а???? ?? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?.?. ??????????? ??а?????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ????????, ????? ?а????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??????????, ?а?????? ??а?? ??а??????? ????? ??? ????, ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????1. 1 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?????. ???????? ?а?????????, ??????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?а???? ??????? ?а????? ??????????. ?.: ??????, 2004. ?.а165. 66 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?а ??????????? ??а ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??.а794 ??а??. ??? ???????? ??а??????? ???????????????????? ?????. ?????????? ?а??????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????, ?а????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (???????, ???????, ??????????) ?а??????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ?? ??а??, ?? ??а?? ??а???????????????, ?а?????????? ?????? ??а????????? ??????? ??.а794 ??а?? ??а??????????? ?а???? ??? ?.а2 ??.а793. ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ?а???? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??а?? ??а?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ??? ??????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????, ???? ???? ??а????????????? ?????????. ? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? Ф????-????????╗. ??а????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ??а?????????? ????? ??а????? ????????? ??а????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????, ???????? ?? ??? ?????????, ????????, ???????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ???????????, ?а?? ??а??????????? ?????????. ?????????, ???а???????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????????, ??а????????? ??аФ????-???????╗ ????? ???? ??????????????? ???а?????????. 4. ????????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ?а????????????? ????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????? (????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????), ???????????????, ?а?????????, ??.а104 ??а??). ?????? 787 ??а?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????: Ф??а???????? ??????????? (??????) ???? ??????? (??????????) ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? (????????????) ??а????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??а???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????╗. 67 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????а????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??а?? ???????????????, ???а??? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????. ???????? ??.а104 ??а??, Ф?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (?????????? ???????) ???? ??????? (??????????) ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? (????????????) ??а????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ??? ?????╗. ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? (??.а97 ????а??), ??а??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? (??.а115 ???а??). ?а????????? ???? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????, ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??а???????????. ????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ??а??????????. ??? ?? ?а?? ???????, ?а?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????????, ?????? ?а??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???????: ??????????? (???????????? ???????????) ?а????????????1. ????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????????2. ???????????? ???а?? ?а???????? ???? ??а???? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??а??????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????. ??а???????? ?а?а???????????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????? (????????????) ?а????1 ? ???????? ??а???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??.: ?????????а?.?. ????????? ?????? ?а??? ???????а// ????????? ??????????? ?а?????. 1980. ?а1. ?.а126?130. 2 ? ??????????? ???а?? ?? 24.01.2008 ?а18125/07 ??а???? ?а?15-1856/06. ??. ?????: ??????????? ???а?? ?? 29.12.2010 ?а???-17823/10 ??а???? ?а?15-2469/09. 68 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????, ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????????????? ?а????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????????, ??а??????????? ??? ?а???????? ???????????. ??????? ??????, ??????, ???, ??а?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??а???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??а????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?? ???? ??а???????? ???? ???, ???а???????????? ??а?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????, ??а????? ?а??? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? (????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????а? ??.а115 ???а??). ???????? ???а?? ??????? ???????? ??????, ????????, ?????? ?а???????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ??а??а???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????? ?????????. ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??.а1 ????????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????? 1924а?. (???????????? ?????????) ?????? Ф??????? ?????????╗ ??????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????; ??а??????????? ????? ?а??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????, ????????? ??а????????? ???????, ?а???? ???????, ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????╗. ????????? ??? ?а??????? ????????? ????? 1978а?. (??????????? ?????????) ?а?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??а???????????. ?????? ??????????????? ????, ???а????????? ?????? ??а????? ??????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ????, ???а?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?????????????. ?а???? ???????? ??.а1 ????? ????????? ??? Ф??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????, ?????????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????╗. 69 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? 1961а?. ??а?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????, ??а??????????? ????????????? ??а????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??а??, ???а?? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????. ???????? ??????? ???????, ???а??????????, ??? ?а????????, ?а?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????????? ????????. ?????????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ??а????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???а?а??????????? ???????????, ??? ?а? ?????????? ????????????? ??а???????? ?????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????1. ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??????? ??а??????? ?а??????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???, ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ???????. ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?а?? ???? 1983а?. ??????????? ????? IX Ф??????╗. ???? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??????? ????? ????????, ???????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ?а?????? ??а?? 1997а?. ??? ????? ??а?????. ?????????? ????? ?????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????. ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?а???? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ??? ???????? ???????. ??а?????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а???????????? ???????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а????? ??а????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????. 1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 1980; ?? ??. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????а// ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?.а202?213. 70 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ????????????? ??? ????????. ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?. ???????, ?. ????, ????? ?а??1. ?????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????????? ?а??? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ?а??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?а??? ???????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ?а???, ???а??????? ???????? ??????? Ф????????????╗ ?а?????????. ?а?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??? ???????, ??????? ????? ??а?.-?. ????2 ???????, ???а?????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ????, ????????, ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????? ????. ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ??а ????????????? ?, ???а??????????????, ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?а?????????? ??а????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???. ?а? ???, ?а?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ?????????, ?.?. ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ???? ??а????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ???????????. ????????? ?? ??а??????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?а????, ???????? ?? ????????? ???????, ???????? ??а?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????????? ??????? ?.?. ??????? ?????, ???аФ? ???????????? ??а??.а787 ??а?? ?а??.а104 ?????????? ???????а?? (1997а?.) ????????? ??????? Ф???????????╗ ????????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??а?? ???????????????? ??а??? ???????????? ????????????????; ?????????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????????? (???????) ????? ???а??? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?а??? ????????. ?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ?а??а??, ?а????? ?а????? ????????? ???????а?? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? (??????) ?а?????? ????? ????????? ?а?? ?????????????? ??а???? ???????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ??????????????? ???? ??.а34 ??а?? ??а??? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Austin; Boston; Chicago; New York; The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer. 2010; GiemullaаE., Schwenk. Handbuch des Luftverkehrsrechts. 3rd edition. Cologne, 2009. 2 ? Tosi J.-P. L?affrУtement aжrien. Paris, 1977. ?. 125?142. 71 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ????, ???????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????? (???????)╗1. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???????????? ??????? ???????, ?.?. ????????? ????? ????????? ?????, ???аФ??? ??????? ?????????? (????????????) ??а????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????? ?а????????? ?а?? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ???? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????. ?а???????? ?????, ???? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??а?????????????????? ??????, ???????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????????╗2. ?.?. ????????? ????? ????????????, ???а??????? ?????????? ??????? ??а????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?????? ?а?????3. ?????????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ??а?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ?а?????????а? ?????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?а??????? ????????????-?????????? ????????? ??? ?а???????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????????. ? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ????????, ????????????? ??? ?????-???????? ?????? ?? 13.01.2010, ?а??????? ???????: Ф?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?а????????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????????, ???, ?а???? ???????, ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ?а?????????? ??????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????1 ? ??????? ?.?. ????????????? ???? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ?.: ??????? ??????, 2009. ?.а21. 2 ? ????????? ?.?. ???????????? ????????а// ?????? ??????: ????, ??????, ????????. 2009. ?а8. ?. 3?8. 3 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????????: ???????. ???. ... ????. ????. ????. ?., 1987. 72 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ??, ?а??????????? ?????? 796 ??а??╗1. ????????? ??????, ???а????????, ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????? ?а????? ???? (??. ????). ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?.?. ?????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????????? ?а????????? (????????????????) ????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?а1966а?.2 ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?а?а??????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??а?????????, ?а???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?а?????????. ??? ?????????, ??а??? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????????, ???а??.а105 ??а??, ?а??????? ?? ???а?? (??.а117), ??а??????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????? ?????????. ????????????????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? (???, ????????, ???????) ????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??а???????, ???а????????????3. 5. ??????????? ??а?? ?а??.а104 ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??.а787 ??а??, ?а?????????, ??а?????????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ?а?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ??????: ????? ?а????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а??????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ?а???? ????????? ?????????????, ????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?а?????????? ??????? ???????? ???а??? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????, ??? ?а??????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????, ?а??????????, ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?????????????, ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??а?? ??а?????? ????????????? ????1 ? ????????????? ??? ?????-???????? ?????? ?? 13.01.2010 ??а???? ?а?29-1803/2009. ? Revue francaise de droit aжrien. 1968. ?а4. P.а458. 3 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. Kluwer Law International BV. The Netherlands. 2010. ?. 87?89. 2 73 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а??????????????? ????? ??а?????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? (??.а632?641 ??), ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????? (??.а34 ??а??) ?а????? ????????? ??а??????????????. ? ?????????, ??а?????????? ??.а611 ??а?? ????????, ???, ???? ?????????? ??а????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?а????????? ?а??????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??а??.а398 ??а?? ?а??????????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????, ???? ??????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ?????????????. ???? ???? ??а????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??а??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? (?.а3 ??.а401 ??а??). ? ????????? ?????? ??а?? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ??.а421 ??а?? ?а??????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??а??????????????? ???????, ?а????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ????? ???????, ??а????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?а?а????????. ?????? ????????? ??а?? ??а??????????? ????????? ?а???? ???????????. ??? ????????? ?а????????? ???????, ??а??? ??????, ???? ??????????????? ?а???, ???а????????? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????????? ??а?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ????????? ?а?а???????? ????? ?????????? ??а?????? ??????????? (??. Да6 ????????? ?????). ???????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ?а????????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?а??????, ???а??? ???? ??? ????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????. ?????? ????????????? ??а???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а????????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????. 6. ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????: ? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????; ? ??????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? 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(???????), ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??.а104 ??а?? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????????: Ф????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (?????????? ???????). ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ???? ??а????????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????, ???????????????? ?а???????????????, ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??а???╗. 7. ???????? ???????? ???? ????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ?а???????????????, ??а??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. ?????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?а50-? ????? ???????? ????. ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?а?????-???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????, ???а????? ???????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а??????????????, ????????? ?????? ??а??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а???????????, ?????????????????? ?а?? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????????????. ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?. ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?а??.а1165 ???????????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ????????1. ???????? ???????? ?а??????, ??а???????, ?а?????? ???????, ???а???? ??????? ????, ???????????? ???? ?????. ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ?????. ?а???? Ф???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????╗ ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а???????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????, 1 ? GrШnfors K. Air Charter and Warsaw Convention. Hague, 1956. P.а117. 77 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??.а8 ?????????? ?????????1. ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??а???????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???????? ??а??.а5 ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??а????? ?????????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????2. 8. ???????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??а?????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? (????????? ???????) ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ?а??.а96 ????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ????????, ???а?а??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? Ф????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????╗. ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??????, ????????, ????????? Ф?????????????╗ ???????????? ????????? ?????? 28% ???? ??????????????3. ???????? ???????? ??? ?а?????? 50-? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а???? ?????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??а????, ???а?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??а??????? ??????????? ??? ???????, ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????4. ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ??????? ???????, ???а????????? ????????? ??1 ? Revue francaise de droit aжrien. 1965. ?а1. P.а347. ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 87. 3 ? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? Ф?а????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ??????????а? ?????????? ???╗ (?????? ?аФ????????...╗). ??????? ?а?.а???????? 14.11.2008. 4 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????????? ????????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????а// ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????. 1996. ?а1. ?.а116?117. 2 78 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ??? ???? ???а??????????, ??? ?а????????????1. ??? ???????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?.?. ?????????2. ??????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗, ?????? ??.а96 ????????? ????????? 1944а?., ???? ????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??а??? ????? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?.?. ???????, ?а?????? ???????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ??а???????????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?аФ?а????? ?????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??а????????╗3. ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????-???????? ?????????? ????, ?а??????? ??????? Ф????????? ?????????╗ ?????????? ??? ???а??????????, ??? ?а???????????? ?????????. ????? ??????????, ?а?????????, ???????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????4. ?????????????, ???? ????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?а?? ?????? (?.а1 ??.а5), ??а?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? Ф???????????? ??????╗. ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ??????? ?а??????????????? ??????, ??а???? ?????? ?а??? ??а???????, ????? ?а?.а2 ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????: Ф...????? ????????? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????? ??а?????????????? ??? ??а?????, ??а?? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????╗, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? Ф???????????? ????????? ?????????╗. ????? ???????, ??????????????? ???????????? ????, ??????????????????? ????????, ????????, ?а????? ???????, ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ??.а96 ????????? ?????????, ?а? ??????а? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????: ??????????? ?а?????????????. 1 ? ??????? ?.?. ????????? ????????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????а// ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????. 1996. ?а1. ?.а116. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 1978. 3 ? ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ????????????-???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????: ?????? ?а????????. ?.: ???????-?, 2008. ?.а2. 4 ? ICAO Doc. 9626. 79 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????, ???а??????????? ???????? ???? ?а???? ?????????? ???????????? ?а????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??а?.аФ?╗ ??.а96 ????? Ф??????????╗. ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??-??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?а????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????????? ?а???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??.а5 ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?????????. 9. ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????. ????????? ??????????? ????? ??а?? ??а??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?а???????? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ??.а114 ??а?? Ф??????????? ??????а? ??? ??????, ??????????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?????????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??????╗. ??а???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? (???????????) ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????, ?а?????, ?а?????? ?а?? ????????, ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????. ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????. ????????, ???а?????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???? ?а?а???? ????????? ????????? ??а?? ?а??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??а??. ????????????, ???а??????????? ??????? ?????????, ???а?а??????????, ??? ?а?а?????????? ?????, ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????? ?а????????? ?а??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??а???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?а???? ?????????. ?????? ?а??????????? ????????, ?????? ??.а114 ??а??, ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ?а????????? ?? ???????. ??????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????????? ?????, ???а??80 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ????? ??а????? ??а??????????????? ????????? ????? ????????. ?а???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??, ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??? ???????-?????????? ??????, ??????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ????? ?а???? ?.а1 ??.а115 ??а?? ???????? ??а???????? ????????? ???????????????, ?????????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ?а??????????, ??а?? ?????????? ?????-???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а???????????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??а????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ?????????????????, ?а????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????, ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???, ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????-???????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??а????? 1. ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????, ?а????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??а?? ??????????? ?????????? ???а???????????????? ????????. ??а??????????????? ????, ?????????????? ??? ???????-?????????? ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????, ???????, ??а??????????? ????, ???? ??????????????? ????????. ?а?????? ????? ???????? ??а????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????. ??????????????? ??а???? ????????? ????????? ????????? (??а???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????). ??? ??????, ???а?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?а????????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?а?????? ?а????????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ????? ?а????? ??а?????????, ?а????? ?а??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ?????. 1 ? ????????????? ??? ???????-?????????? ?????? ?? 24.09.2010 ??а???? ?а?813621/2009. 81 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ????? ?а??? ?????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??а????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ?????????, ??? ??????? ???????????. ????? ??а???? ?????? ?????, ???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????. ???? ?? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??а?а????? ?а?? ???????? (?????????) ??а????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?а????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ????, ???а????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а???а????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??а?????? ??а???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ?? ?а????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????, ???? ??? ???????? ????????, ??? ??????????????. 10. ?а????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????? ???????? ?а???????? Ф???????????? ?????????????╗. ?????, ???????, ??????????? ?а?.?.а??????????, ??????? ???????, ???а?????? Ф???????????? ????????╗ ????????? ???? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а????? ??а????? ???? ??????? ??????????-???????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??а???? ??????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????????-???????? ????????????, ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ??а????????1. ?????? ???а????????? ??? ????, ???а??.а40 ??а?? Ф?????????╗ ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ???????????? ?????????????, ???а??????? ???????????, ????????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ?????? ??а??????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. 1 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?. 270. 82 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????? ??????? ?а???? ???????? ? ????? ?а???? ?.?. ?????????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ???? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ?????????, Ф???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????╗, ?а???????? ?а???? ??? ????????, ????????? ?а???????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????, ??????????????? ??а??1. ??????, ??а??????, ?а?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????? ??? ?а????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??а???? ??????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????????-???????? ????????????! ??а?????? ??????, ?а???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??.а40 Ф?????????╗ ?а??.а41 Ф???????????? ??????????╗ ??а??, ?.?. ????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ??а????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?а???? ?????? ??а??, ??????? ??а???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?а???? ??? ????????????? ????? ???а??????? ??????????. ?????? ??а???????? ???????? ??а???????????? ?а????????? ???? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?а?? ???? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????????? ???????? (???????? ???????????????) ??а?????. ?.?. ?????????? ???????, ???а??? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ???????????? (???????????) ?а???????????? ????????????2. ??? ????? ??.а55 Ф???????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????????╗ ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?.?. ?????????? ?????? ?а??????????????? ??а????????? ?а?? ??????????? ?аДа9 ???? ????? ????????????? Ф????????????? ??а????????? ??а???????? ???? ???????????? ?????╗. ?????? ???????? ????????? Ф???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????????╗3. ? ??? ???? ???? ?а???, ???аФ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?????????????, ??? ??????? 1 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?. 270. ? ??. ??? ??. 3 ? ??.: ??????????? ?????. ????????????????? ?????: ???????. ?а4 ?.а/ ?.?. ??????????, ?.?. ??, ?.?. ????? ?а??.; ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. 3-? ???., ???????. ?а???. ?.:а??????? ??????, 2008. ?. 4. 2 83 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????. ????? ????, ??а????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ?а?а??????????; ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? (??.а50, 114, 115 ??) ?а????????? ?????? ???????? ?а??????╗. ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?а???????????? ??????????????, ??????? ????????? ??.а55? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??, ???а??? ???????????? ??а?????????? ???а??????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????? ?????????. ??а????? ??а????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а????, ????????, ????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??а?? ???????. ????????, ???а?????????????? ????????????, ?????? ??а???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????, ??а????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??????. ??? ??а????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ?, ?а?????????, ??????????1. Да3. ?????????? ???а??????? ???????? 1. ?????????? (carrier, transporteur, frachtuhrer) ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????, ???а???????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????. 2. ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??.а100 ??а?? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? (??-?????а? ???????? ?????????? ?????), ??????? ????? ???????? ??а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ??а????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а???????????? ?а?.а3 ??.а61 ??а?? ???????????а? ??? 1 ? ????????? ????????? ?????а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????????. ?.: ????????? ?????????, 1990. 84 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ???а??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ??????? ????????? ????? ??а????? ?????????????, ??а???????? ?????? ??? ??а???? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?а??????? ?????????? (?????????????) ????????????. ?????? 100 ??а ?? ?а ???. ???????????? ?????? ?? 08.11.2007 ?а258-??? ???????????? ???????? ????????????, ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ?а???????? ???????? ??а????????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????? ?а??????? ???????. ????? ???????, ?а????? ???????? ??.а100 ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????????, ???, ??а??? ??????, ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ?а???? ????????????? ?????????????? ??а?? ?.а1 ??.а784 ??а??, ???????? ???????? Ф????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?????????╗. ??а?????? ?????????? ???а??, ??а?? ??а???????, ????? ????, ??????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????, ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????1. ?????? Ф???????????╗ ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????????. ??????? Ф???????????╗ ???????????? ??????? ?????????? 1952а?. ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ??а???????????. ???? ?????? (???????) ???????????? ?????????? ???а?а????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????????, ??? ?а?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ?а??????. ?а????? ????????? Ф???????????╗ ???????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????? (??.а2). ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????. 3. ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???а??????????? ???????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а61 ??а?? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????????-???????? ????? ?а????? ?????????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ??а????? ??????1 ? ????????????? ?????????? ???а?? ?? 20.05.2008 ?а412/08 ??а???? ?а?401627/07-126-12. 85 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ??????, ????? ?а(???) ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ???? ??а??????? ???????????, ?? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????. ?.?. ?????????? ????????, ???а???????????? ?а??а?? ??????? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ?????? ???????? ???????, ????????? Ф? ?? ??????? Ф???????????╗ ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???а??????? ??????????? ???? (??.а132). ????? ?? ?? ????? ?а???? ???????? ??????????? ????а? ???? ??а??????????????-???????? ???? ???????????? ????,а? ??а??????? ?а??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ????????????? ?а??????????????-???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??а????? Ф?????????╗ (????????? ???????? ????, ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а?.?.)╗. Ф???????? ??????? Ф???????????╗ ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ?а??????????? ???????? ??а????? ??? ???????????? (Ф???????????╗), ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????-???????? ????? ???????????? ????, ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ??????? ?а????????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????,а? ?????????? ?????.а? ????? ????, ????????????, ????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????, ????? ?а???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? (?? ?????? ???????????: ?????, ????????? ??????????? ?а?.?.) ???????? ????? ????????????????? (??.а49 ??), ?.?. ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????????? ????????????, ??а??????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?а???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??а????????, ????? ?????, ???а??????? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ??а?????????? ????????? ?а?????????╗1. ??а????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? IX ??а?? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??а??????????а??, ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ???, ??а?????????? ?а??????????-???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ???????, ???????????? ?????? Ф????????????? ????????, ?????????????? ????????-???????????? ????????????╗, ????1 ? ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а280?281. 86 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ???а??????? ???????? ?? ??а??? ?? ???????????? ?а????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????????????. ?????? 44 ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ??а????? ?а????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? ???????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ??а?????????? ????????? ?а?????????. ??? ????? ?.?. ???????, ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????????, ????????????? ?а???, ???а??? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????, ?а????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? (????????????????????, ?????????????? ?а?.?.) ??а??????????????1. ??? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ??а??????? ???????????, ??а???, ???а???????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ???????, ????????? Ф??????????? ???????????╗ ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?а???? ????????? ???????? ????????-????????? ???????. ??????????????, ???а ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????-???????????? ???????????. ???????? ??а???? 1961а?. ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????-???????????? ???????????. ???????? ?? ???? 1983а?. ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? 03.01.1986 ?а1/?, ?????????? ??????????? ???а??????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????????? 1 ? ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?.а64. 87 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????, ?а????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?а???? ??????????. ???????? ??.а100 ???????????? ??а?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????????, ?а?? ??????????? ???????????. ???????????а? ??? ??????? ?????, ????????? ??, ???????? ??.а61 ??а??, ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ??????? ????????? ?????. ??? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ??а?а??? ???????, ???а??????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а?? ????????? ?а???, ???а??? ???????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ????? ???????, ?а??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???а????????????? ????????, ?а?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????, ??????????????? ??? ??? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ????, ????????????, ????? ??а???????????, ??????????????????? ???????????, ??? ??????, ?????? (???????????? ???????????, ???????? ????, ???? ????????????) ?а??. ?????????а? ??? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???а????????????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?а?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????????-???????? ?????, ?а??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????, ?а?????? ???????????????, ??а??????? ???? ???????, ?????????, ???а???????, ?а????? ??????????? ???????. ?а??????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????? ?а??????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????? (?.а1 ??.а1), ??а??? ?? ?????????? ????????? Ф??????????? ????????? ?????????╗ ??? Ф???????????????? ???????????╗ (air transport undertaking, enterprise de transport aжrien), ???? ?а????, ???а????????? ????? ???????????? ??а?????? ???, ??а??? ?а?????????? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ??а?????. ????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ?а????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ???а??????? ??????????-???????? ?????????. ? ?????????? ?а???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ???????, ???аФ????????????╗ ??? Ф?????????╗а? ФAirlines╗, ???,а??????? ??, ??????? ?а???????????, ????? ???? ???? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?а?????????????. 88 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ?????????? ???а??????? ???????? 4. ????????? ????????? ????? (????????????), ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? (?????????????) ????????????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а61 ??а?? ?????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????1. ?????????? (?????????????) ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? ?а????????, ???а??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????????????????а??. ????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (?????) ??а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? (??.а62 ??а??). ????????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??????????????а??2. ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????????????, ????????????а? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????а?? ?а??????????????. ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???????, ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??а??????????, ?????? ???? ?а????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????. ???? ??????????????а? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??а????? ????????? ???, ??????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????. ?а???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ??????????, ?а??? ?????????????а? ??????????? ??????????. 1 ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 04.02.2003 ?а11 (???. ?? 15.04.2010) Ф??а??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф???????????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????, ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ????????????╗. 2 ? ????????????? ?????????????а?? ?? 23.06.2007 ?а397 (???. ?? 24.09.2010) Ф?а?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ?а????? ?а????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а????? ????????? ????????? (?? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????, ????????????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????, ?а??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?????)╗. 89 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??? ????????? ????????. ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????. ??????? ??а????????????а? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??? ???????????? ??????????. ???, ??? ???? ??? Ф????????а? ?????????? ?????????╗а? 555. Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? 1. ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ??а???????????? ???? ?а???? (????????????) ?а?????????? ??? ?а??????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????-???? ????????????? ????? ?а?а????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??а????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?а???????. ???????? ??.а106 ??а?? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??а?? ?????????? ?????? ?.а15, 22 ?а23 ????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?а???????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????, ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ???????????, ??а???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ??а????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ?????, ???????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ?????????? ??? ????? ??а??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?а????????? ????? ??а????????? ?а?????? ??????? ?а??????? ?? ??????????. ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?а?а??????????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ?а???, ???а????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??а??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???? ???????????? ??а??? ???????? ?а?????90 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ?а??????????. ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ??????????? ?а??????? ??, ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?а????????? ???????????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?а????? ???????? ?????????а??, ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????????? ?а???? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ??????????, ????????? ?а?.а30 ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??а25.10.2010 ?а231, Ф?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??а??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ??а????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а(???) ?????? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????╗. ?а????????????????? ??? ??????? ??????-?? ??а?????????. ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????????, ??? ???????, ???а????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??аФ???????╗ ????????? ?? ???????????. ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?а?????????? ??? ?????. ?а?????????, ????????? ????????? ??, ???????? ??а?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ??? ???а????? ??????????? (?????????) ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?а????????, ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?? ???????????, ??, ????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?а?? ????????????? ????????????. ?????? ??а???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ????????????. ????????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а???????????????? ?а?????????? ????. ?а???????? ?а????? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??а??.а438 ??а??. ????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ??а???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????? 91 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ???? ?а???? ??? ?????????????? ??а???????? ?????. ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??а??? ????????????, ?????? ???? ???????????????? ??а????????? ???? ?а????????? ?а????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?а??????????? ???????????? ???????????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????, ???????????, ???????????????, ?????????-????????????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????: ???????? ????????? ????????? ???а???????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а????????? ????????. 2. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??. II ???а??????????, ??? ?а???????????? ?????????. ?????? 3а??. II ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??.а4а? ????????? ??????. ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? (????????????) ????? (Passenger ticketа? ????., Billet de passageа? ??.), ?а?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? (?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????)а? ???????? ????????? (Bulletin de bagagesа? ??., Baggage checkа? ????.). ?а??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??. II ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? Ф????????? ?а?????╗ (??.а3), ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? (Document of carriageа? ????., Titre de transportа? ??.), ??????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ????? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? Ф???????????? ?????╗ ?аФ???????? ?????????╗ ?а????????? ????? ????? ????????????. ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?а??? ???????. ??а???????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????????? ????, ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? (Baggage identification tag) ??а?????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????. ???????????????????? ?????а? ??? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?? ????? ???????????, ?а????? ?а????? ??а???? ?????????? ?????. ????????????????? ?????? Ф???????????????????? ?????, ??????? 92 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????╗, ???????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???, ???а?а??? ?????? Ф?????╗ ???????? ???а?????????????????? ?????, ??? ?а???????????????????? ????? (?.а4 ??.а17). ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? (??. Да3а??. III). ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ?а???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а?.а3 ??.а786 ??а??. 3. ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? (Air waybill) ???, ??а???????????? ?????????? ?????????,а? ????????-????????????? ????????? (Air consignment note) ??? ???????????? ????? ?а?????????. ?????????? ????????? (??.а5) ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ??. ?? ?.а1 ??.а11 ?а?.а3 ??.а12 ????? ????????? ????????, ???а???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????: ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ?а???? ????? ?????????????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а????. ????? II ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?а?????? ??. II ???????????? ?????????. ??????????? ???????? ??а???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ??а??????? ?а????????-???????????? ????????. ??? ????????? ???????????????, ???а???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????, ???????? ?а???????? ?????, ?а????? ?а????? ???? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??а??????? ????? (??.а11). ???а??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??а?? ???????????. ?????????? ??????????, ???а???????, ?????????? ??????????????: ??????? ??а???? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а?.?. ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????, ?????? ?а????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?а??? ??????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?а?????93 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??а???? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?а????????? ??а???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?а???????? ????????? 1955а?., ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ?а?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??а???? ?????????? ??а????? ???????????? ????????, ?а??????? ??а???? ?????????????. ?а????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????: ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ?а??? ????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??а???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?? ???????????? ??.а6 ???????????? ????????? ???????, ???а?а???????????? ?а???????????, ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ???????????????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??а??????? ??? ??????????? ?????-???? ???????????? ?а?? ????????? ??а???? ?????-???? ???????????????. ???????????? ??.а6 ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?а????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?? ????????????1. ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?а?????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? (??.а10 ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????). ?????а??а?????? ???????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????-???????????? ???????? ???????, ??????????? 1 ? ????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????. (????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????.) ????????, 10?28 ??? 1999а?. ?. I. ?????????а// ICAO Doc. 9775. 94 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?а???? ????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???а????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а??????? (??.а31 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а38 ???????????? ?????????). ???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????????????????? ??????????, ??а???????? ???????? ???????????????, ???а?????а??а???????????? ?????? ?????????? (???????????????????????) ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?а????? ???????????? ?????????1. ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??а???????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????, ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? (?? ???? ??. ????), ???????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????, ???? ??????????, ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??а????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????, ?????, ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????. ???, ????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? 29.01.2008 ?а15. ?????? ?а??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а??? ??????????: ???? ??????, ????? ?????, ????? ?а?.?. ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??а??? ?а??????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????, ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????. ???, ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ??а?????????? ???? ?а??????? ??????? ???????? ??а???????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? 600b ????, ?а?а?????? ??????? ?????? ??а??????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? (????????? 600b ????) ?а????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а? 1 ???? 2010а?. ????????? ?а????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ?? 19 ???2 (????????? ??а???? ??. Да3а??. III). ????????, ???а?????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ??а???????, ??а???1 ? ??.: ????????? ?. ???. ???. ?.а333. ?аIATAаResolutionаhttp://www.iata.org/whatwedo/cargo/Documents/Resolution 600b_ FINAL_22 Juneа2010.pdf 2 95 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???а??????, ??? ?а?????????? ?а??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????, ????????????? ????. ???????? ???????? ?.а2 ??.а3, ?.а4 ??.а4 ?а??.а9 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.аIII ?аIV ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ?а????? ?????? ??а?????? ?? ??а?????????????, ?? ??а???????????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?.?. ??????? ??????????? ????????, ???а???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????, ??? ???а??? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????? ??а???????????, ?а???? ??а???????????: ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??а?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ?????????1. ?????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ??????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????????? ????????. ?? ??? ???????, ???а??а????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а??? ??????? ?????????????. ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????, ?а??? ??????? ??????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????? ??? ??????????????????. ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????, ???а????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????, ????? ???????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ?а???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ??а?????????? ??.а785, 786 ??а?? ?а??.а105 ??а??. ?????????????? ??а?????????? ?а??.а162 ?? ?а???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?а??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??а????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??а???????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ???1 ? ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2. C. 165?166. 96 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??а?????????, ?????????????? ??? ???????????????. ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?а?????? ???????а? ???????????? ?????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? (??. Да4а??. IV). ???????? ????????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?? ??????????? ???, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????. ???, ?а??????? ?????? ??а???????????? ????? ??а???? Warren v. Flying Tiger Line, ???????? ????? ??? ?а1965а?., ???? ??????? ?????????: ???????? ??а???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????; ??? ????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????????????. ?а1966а?., ?а?????? ??????? ??а???? Lisi v. Alitalia ???????????? ??? ????? ??а???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ????? ???????, ???а??? ?????????? ???? ?????????. ?а????? ?а???? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????1. ???????? ??а???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????, ???а??????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ???????????? ???????, ????????? ?а?? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????. Ф?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??а??????????????? ???????????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? 1 ? ????????? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а29?30. 97 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? (????) ?а???????? ?а1999а?.╗1. ?????????? ?????? ????????, ??????, ???а?????? ????? Ф????????╗ ?а????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????? 1971а?.2, ?а? ????????? ???????? ?????????а? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а43 ?а?????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а?????????? ?????????????? 1971а?. ?а????????????? ?а4 ?а?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?а???? ???????. ???????????? ????????? (?.а2?5 ??.а3 ?а?.а2 ??.а4), ???а?а????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? (????????????? ?????????) ?а???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????. ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????????? ?????????????? ?а????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?а????????, ??? ????????????? ?????? ?а??? ???????? ?а?????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ?????. ???а????? ?а????????? ????? ?????????? ??а??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??а????, ??????????? ???????? ???? ?а???????? ?????? ?а??????????, ?????????? ?а?????????. ???????????? ????????? ??? ??а???????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ??. ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?а???? ????????? ???-???? ???????????, ??а????????????, ???а?а?а?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????? ?????. ??????????????, ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????1 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????а? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??? ??? Ф???????????????╗, 2006. 2 ? ICAO Doc. 8932. 3 ? ICAO Doc. 9148. 98 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????? ????? ?????. ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?а?? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????. ?? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????????? (?.а5 ??.а3 ?а??.а9) ???????, ???а???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?????, ?.?. ???????????? ????????? ??.а3?8 ?????????, ??а?????? ??а?????? ??а????????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????, ??а?а?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а??? ????? ??а????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??а???? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????. ????? ???????, ??а??? ??????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??а?????? ?а???????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????, ??а?а? ?????????????????? ????? ??????, ???????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а???, ???, ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??а?????????, ??????????? ??? ?? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ?а???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а???, ???а??????????????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ?????????99 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ??а????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????? ?? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?? ???????????????. ??? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????, ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ??????????, ???а???????, ??а?????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ??а????? ???????? ?а??????, ????????? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ??а?а????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????? ??а????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?????????, ??????, ??а???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????а? ???????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????????? ????????? 1975а?. ?а4 ?а?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?а??? ????? ??а?????????. 4. ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ??а?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?а????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????. ?а???????????? ??а??.а785, 786 ??а?? ?а?.а2 ??.а105 ??а?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?а????????????????а? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а434 ??а?? Ф????? ????????╗. ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???а???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??а????????. Ф????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?а??????????? ??????. ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????╗1. ????? ???????, ????????? ?.а2 ??.а434 ??а?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? 1 ? ???????? ?.?. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????: ???????. ???.а... ????. ????. ????. ?., 2007. ?.а7?8. 100 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а??????????? ????, ???а????????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ?а??.а105 ??а??, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? 01.12.2007 ?а314-??. ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ?????????, ???? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??а????????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ???? ????????? ?а??????????? ???? (??????????? ???????????? ????????) ?а??????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????, ?а?????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??а?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????, ??а?????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????, ??а?? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????. 8 ?????? 2006а?., ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ?а??а??, ????????????? ??????????а?? ????? ?????? ?а134 ??а???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????. ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??а???????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??а??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????: ??????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ??а???????????, ?, ????????, ?????????????, ???а?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ?????? ??а?????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??а????? ??а?????? ??????? ??????????? ??а?????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????. 101 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? Да5. ?????????? ???????? 1. ????? ?а??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ??????, ????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ?а?????????? ??????, ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?а???. ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???? (??.а12 ?????????). ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?а????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ????????? ??? ?а???? ????????? ?а????? ?????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?а???????? ???????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ??а???????????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ??а?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ??? ?????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??а????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????, ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?а??? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????????????? ?.а2 ?а4 ??.а430 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? (?а?????? ??????а? ??????????). ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????, ???????????????? ??? ??а????????, ???????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?а ???? ??а ??????? ?????? ??а????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???а?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ???а??????? (?????????, ??????????? ?а?.?.). ??? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ???????????????????????. ????????? ??а????? ???? ???????? ??а????????????1. ??????? 1 ? Hotchkiss C. International Law for Business. New York, 1994. P.а194. 102 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????? ??????. ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????, ?????????? ??а??.а12 ?а13 ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ????, ????????? ?? ??а?а????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?а????????? ???????? ???? (??.а14). ?? ????? ????????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???????????, ????? ???а?а????????????, ????? ????? ???? ????, ??а?????????? ??????? ??????? ??а????, ???????? ??????????. ?а????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??а????????? ??.а801 ??а??, ??????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??а?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ?а????????? ?????. ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????? Ф????????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????╗. ??????? ?а???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ?а???? ????????? (??. ?.а3 ?????????). ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ?а???? ?а??? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????????, ??????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а????????? ??? ????????? ??а???? (?.а2 ??.а15 ?????????). ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ???????? ????, ?а????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????, ?? ???????? ?а?????? ?а?????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????, ????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??а??? ????? ?а???? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ?а??????????, ?а??????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?а???????????, ????????????? ??? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? (???????, ???????????????, ???????? ?а??.) ??????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??а??????????? ????????. ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ????????????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? (??. Да3а??. III). 103 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?а?? ?????? ??? ??????????, ???? ??? ??????? ????????????????, ??а?????????? ?? ???????????. 2. ????? ?а??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а??? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а??????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ????. ???????? ??.а106 ??а?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?а????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?.?. ?????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????, ???а???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?а????? ???? ??????? ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??а????????, ????????? ?? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?а???? ??????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??а???????? ??? ??????????? ????????. ???? ???????? ??а????? ???? ??а????????? ?????, ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а????? ??а??? ????????? ??????????????? ??????, ??а?а????????? ??а???????????. ??? ??????? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а???????????? ????????? ??.а3 ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???, ???аФ??????????, ?????????????? ?а????? ?????? ??а?????? ?? ??а?????????????, ?? ??а???????????????? ???????? ?а?????????╗. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??а??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????, ???а??? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??а???????????????? ????????. ???????? ?а???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? (?а???????? ???????????? ??????) ??????, ??????? ?а??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а??????, ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???-?? ???????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????. ??а?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? (?.а3.1.1) ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????????, ????????? ??а?????????? ?а?????????? ??а????? ?????? ??а????????????. ???????? ??а?? ?? 23.08.2005 ?а????05-732 ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????104 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ???. ??? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ???а??????????? ????????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?а?????????????? ??.а310 ??а?? ?а??.а107 ??а??. ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??????????? ??а?????????? ??????, ?????????? ??а??????1. ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??а??.а3 ?????????? ?????????, ???а??????? ?а?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???а??, ?????????????? ??а?????? ??????????, ????????? ???? ??? ?а?????????? ?????????, ??а??????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ??а?????. ?????? ???????? ?.а69 ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ????????, ???? ?????????. ???? ??? ???? ???????????, ???а??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ????????, ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??????. ????????, ???а???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???а???????, ??а???? ?????????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а???? ??? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ??????, ?а??? ?????????. ??а??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????, ?а??? ????????????? ?????а? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????? ??а?????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????? ????????????. ?а???? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? Ф???????????? ??????╗ ????????? ?? ????????? (????????? ??. Да6 ????????? ?????). ?????????? ???????????????? (??.а786 ??а??) ??????????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? 1 ? ????????? ??а??. 2006. ?а10. 105 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????? ????????? ??? ??а???? ???????? ????????; ????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????; ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??а????? ??а??????. ? ???????????? ?а??а?? ??.а106 ??а?? ???????????????, ???а???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????, ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ???????, ???????? ?а????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????? ??а?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?а???????? ??а?????? 2а???, ?а????? ???? ?а???????? ?? 2 ?? 12 ??? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а??????????????? ?? ????????? ????. ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??а???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? (??????) ???????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??а?????? 2 ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? 10% ??????. ?? ????????? ?????? ?????, ?а???????? ?? 2 ???, ?а????? ????? ?а???????? ?? 2 ?? 12 ??? ?а??????????????? ?? ????????? ????а? 50% ??????. ?а????? ?а???? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ??? ???????. ??-??????, ??а????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???????, ???? ????????? ????? ?? 2 ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??а???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????. ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? 2, ?а?? ?а?? 5 ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????а? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????, ??а?????? ??????????? ?.а5 ??.а790 ??а??: Ф? ???????, ????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??а????????? ????? ??а????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????, ?????????? ?а????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??а???? ??????? ???????????????? ???????╗1. ? ????? ?а???? ?а????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?? 06.07.2009 ?а 09??-7692/2009-?? ??а ???? ?а?40-?85803/08-65-7922, ??а??? ??????, ??????? ?а??????????? ??1 ? ?а??????????? ?????? ?.а5 ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????: ?????? ????? Ф????????????╗ ?????? ???? Ф???????????╗. 2 ? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?? 06.07.2009 ?а09??-7692/2009-?? ??а???? ?а?40?85803/08?65?792. 106 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???а????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????, ??????????????? ????.а3 ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а??, ??????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ???? ????????????????, ??а?????????? ?????? ??????? ??а?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ????????? ?а??????????????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????. ??? ?????????, ???а?????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????а? ?????????? ?????????а? ??а???? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????а? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?а????????????? ?? 02.04.2010 ?а??-?40/2486-101, ?????????????? ??????????? ??.а64, 102, 106 ??а??, ?????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???а????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????? ????? ?а???????? ?? 2 ?? 12 ??? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??а???????? ???????, ?а???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??а????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ???? ?а????????? ??????? ?а???? ?????????? ???????? ??а????????? ?????? ??а???????? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ?? 2 ?? 12 ???. ?????? ??.а786 ??а?? ?????????? ?????? Ф?? ???????? ????????╗! ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????. ???????, ???а?? ???????????? ?? 12.05.2010 ?а???-6113/102 ??????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????, ???а?а????.а2?4 ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а?? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ????? ??а????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????, ?а? ????.а1 ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??а?????? ??а???????? ???????? ?а??? ???????, ????? ??? ????????????? ????????????????? ?а?????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а?????? ??а???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ?а?????????????, ??????? ????1 ? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? 02.04.2010 ?а??-?40/2486-10 ??а???? ?а?40?103158/09-56-579. 2 ? ??????????? ???а?? ?? 12.05.2010 ?а???-6113/10. 107 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ??а????????? ?.а5 ??.а790 ??а?? ??а???? ??????? ???????????????? ???????. ????????????? ??????????? ???а?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?а??????????. ??????????? ????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ????????1, ?а?.?. ?????????? ????????, ???а????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????????. ?а?????????? ??????????, ???аФ??????????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????? ????????????????? ??а???????╗2. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??.а106 ??а??, ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?а???????? ?? 12 ???, ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ??????? 3 ?а?.?. ??? ???? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????? ?а???????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??????????????????? ????????. ?а??????? ???а?? ??а??????? ??????? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????????. ? ?????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???а??? ???????????, ??? ?а??? ????????????????. ???? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????а?? ?? 20.12.2011 ?а29-?4, ??????? ??????? ????????? ????.а3 ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а?? ??а?????????????? ???????????а?? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ?а???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ????? ?а???????? ?? 2 ?? 12 ??? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а??????????????? ?? ????????? ????. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?????: ?????? ??? ??????: ??????-???????????? ??????????? Ф????????? ????? ??????: ???????? ?а???????????╗: ??. ????????. ???.: ??????????? ??, 2010. 2 ? ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?. 115. 3 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????а// ??????-???????????? ??????????? Ф????????? ????? ??????: ???????? ?а???????????╗: ??. ????????. ???.: ??????????? ??, 2010. 4 ? ??а??. 2012. ?а2. ??.?397. 108 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??а?? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????.а3 ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а?? ??а??????????????? ???????????а?? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ?а??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????, ?? ??а????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????-??????????? ???????? ??а????????? ????? ?????. ??а?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а??????????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?а????????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ???а???????, ??а?????????. ????????? ?а?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????? ??а???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????, ????????, ?а??????????? ??, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?, ???а???????, ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ???? ????? ??а???? ??? ????????????? ?а?а????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??а???????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ???????????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??????1. ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ????? ?а??????, ??а??????? ???? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??а????????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?а???? ?? ?????-???? ????????????, ???? ??? ??а?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??а??, ????? Ф????????╗ ?????? ?????????, ??а???????????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????2. 1 ?а??., ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? Ф?????????╗ ??? Ф???????╗: http://content.united.com/ual/asset/COC31Dec10.pdf 2 ? ?????? ????а? ????? ????????? ??????????, ???а??????????????, ????????, ????????, ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?а?.?. ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? (????????? ??. Да1а??. II). 109 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а??, ?? ?а?а????? ??????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???? ?????, ?а???????, ?????? ?а????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????. ??а?? ?а???? ?????? ??а????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??а??????. ??????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??.а106 ??а??. ?а???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ?а??? ????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????, ??????????????? ?а??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?а?? ????? ???? ????? ??? 10 ??????????? ??а?????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????. ????????, ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ???а???????, ??а????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ??а???? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ??а??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???. ??а???????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??а???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????, ???????????, ????????. ?????????? ?а????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ???????? ?а???????????. ?? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????. ??? ???????, ????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????, ???а?а????????. ?? ??????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а??? ???????, ???а??? ??а????? ???????? ?а???? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??.а106 ??а?? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ???????. ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?а???????, ?а????? ?????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а???? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?а(???) ?а??????. 110 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????. ??а?????? ??а??, ????????????? ?.а2 ??.а106 ??а?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????????1. ????? ??????? ????????? (?.а99) ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ???? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????. ??? ???????? ?а????????? ??а???? ???????????, ?а????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а?????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?а?а????????????? ??????? ?????? ??а?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а???????? ?а???????? ?? ???? ???; ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??а??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????; ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????; ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ?????а? ?а??????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????а? ?а?????? ?????; ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????а? ?а??????? ????? ?а????? ????? ?????а? ?а?????? ?????; ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?а??????? ?а??? ???????, ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????; ??????????? ???????? ??????. 3. ????????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?а??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ?а????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????????: ?????????? ?????? ?а???????? ????? ???????????, 1 ? ??????????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 02.09.2009 ?а???08-450 Ф??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 29.05.2008 ?а????08-1212╗, ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? 99 ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????╗, ???????????? ???????? ?????????а?? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82╗. 111 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? 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K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ???, ???? ??? ????????????? ??а????????, ????????? ?? ???????????. ????? ??а????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ??а????? ????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??а?????? ??? ??????. ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????? ??а?????????. ??? ??????, ??????? ?а?????, ?????????? ??а??????????? ???? ???????????????? ????????, ?а?????????????? ?????? ?а????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????????. ???????? ???????? ??? ????? 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II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????а(????????????) ??????, ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? ??а??????????? ?а?????? ???????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????. ???? ??а?????????? ????????? ????, ?а????????? ??????????? ????? ??а???????? ??????? ???? ???????????. ????? ?? ??а???????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??а???????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а?????????? ??? ??а??????? ?а?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?а??? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?а???????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?а??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???????, ???а???????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????, ???а???????, ??а????? 10% ??? ????, ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?а?? ???????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ???????? ??а?????????? ????????????1. ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??а????????? ??????????, ??????, ??????, ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (?????????? ???????), ?а???????????? ????????? ??а???????????. ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??а??????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а???????. ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?а????????? ?????????. 4. ????? ?????????. ?????-???? ???????? ?а????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ????????????? ????????? ??а????????. ??? ????????? ?а? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ???????? ??.а792 ??а?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????, ???????????? ?а???????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ?а??? ?????????? ????? ??????а? ?а???????? ????. 1 ? ????????? ??.: Revue francaise de droit aжrien. 1972. ?а1. ?. 64?66; ????????? ?.?. ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????а// ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2. ?., 1981. ?.а213?222. 114 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?а(???) ?а??????. ???????, ????????, ????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ??а???????????? ?а?????????? ?а? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????), ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? (??. ????) ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??а????????, ??а????????? ?? ?????????,а???? cа???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??а????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????. ??? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??а??.а9 ????? ??????? ????????? 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K????-C?????╗ Да5. ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??а????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ??а???? ??????? ?а?????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ?а???, ???а?????? ????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ??а??а????????, ???а??????? ??а????????? ?? ????, ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????, ?а?????, ????????? ?а??????????, ?????? ??а????? ???? ?????????????. ??? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ?а??????????1, ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а??????? ??а?? ?? 17.05.2006 ?а????06-4982, ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?а????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ??а??????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ?а??????? ??а??, ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ?а?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?? ????? ??????????????? ???а??????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?а??????????. ??????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ?а?????? ??? ?а??????????, ???????????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????????????3. ??а?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????? (?а????????????? ????????) ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????. ??а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ???а???????, ?????????? ?? 30 ?? 50а????. ???. 5. ?????? ????? ?а?????? ?а?????? ??????????. ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?а??????? ?????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? 1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ??????????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а????????? ??а????????? ??????????а// ????????? ?а?????. 2005. ?а12. 2 ? ????????? ??а??. 2007. ?а9. ??????? ????????? ?а???? ???????????? ????????? ??а?? ???????????? ?? 08.08.2006 ?а???06-276 Ф??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 17.05.2006 ?а????06-498 ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? 10.2, ?а????? ??а?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????????? ??????? 1.4 ?а10.1.2 ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ???. ??? ???? 03.01.1986 ?а1/?╗. 3 ? ????????? ??а??. 2007. ?а9. 117 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? (??.а13 ?????????). ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????, ???? ???? ??а????????? ???????????. ?????????? ???а?????? ????, ?а?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??а???? ??? ???? ??а?????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а??????? ???? ???? ??а???, ?????????????? ??? ??? ????????. ?а???? ??????? 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IV Ф???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????╗. ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ??????????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?а???? ??????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ????????? ?а???????????, ??????????, ??????????????, ?????????-???????????, ????????????, ?????????????? ?а??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?а??? ?????????? ?????. ?а?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ????, ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????, ????????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???????????, ????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???. ????????? ????? ??? 118 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????, ???а??а??? ??????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????. ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?а??????? ????. ??????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????, ???? ????? ???????????, ???а???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ???а??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????, ?а????? ?а??????? ?а????????????????? ????? ???????? ?а???????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?а??????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???? ????????. Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? 1. ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??? ????????? ??.а12 ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???? ?а???????? ??? ?а????????? ???????????. (???????? ??а???? ????????? ?аДа5 ????????? ?????.) ????? ?? ???????, ???а??а?????????? ????????? ???????, ???а????????? ????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??а????????? (?????????? ?? ???? ????????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????) ?а????????? ?? ????????????? ??а??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ??? ???? ??а?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????, ?????????? ??а?????????? ???? ????. ? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?а????????? ?????????. 2. ???????? ??.а107 ??а?? 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(?.а3 ??.а450 ??а??) ????????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????????? 120 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??.а310, ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??а???????????, ??а??????????? ???????, ??????????????? ???????. ????? ??????, ????????, ?а????????????????? ??.а107 ?а?.а3 ??.а85 ??а??, ???????, ??????, ??????? ?а????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????????, ???а??а?????? ????????? ?а??????? ???????? ???????? ?а????? ???????. ???????????? ?а??.а107 ??а?? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????????1. ???,а????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??а???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? 2. ?????????? ????????? ??а?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?а???? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????. ????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ????????, ???а??? ????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????. ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а????? ?а??? ???????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ????????, ????????, ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??а????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?а?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? (?.а76) ??а????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ??? ??а???????????? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?а?????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????. ?а?????? ?????? ?????? ?а??а??, ???????, ???а??? ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?а????????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????? ??????3. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ??а?? ?? 23.08.2005 ?а????05-732 (????????? ??а??. 2006 ?а10). ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??а?? ?? 17.11.2005 ?а???05-500 ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ???? ??. Да4 ????????? ?????. 2 ? ??. ??? ??. 3 ? ????????? ??а??. 2007. ?а9. 121 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? 3. ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?а261/2004 ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? (Cancellation) ????????? ????????????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ??а???????, ???а??а??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?а????? ?а?????????????, ??а?????????? ?? ???? ???????????????? ?а???а?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?а????, ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а???????? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????????????. ?а????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? 250а????, ???? ????????????? ????? ????? 1500 ??, ?а??а600 ????а? ???? ????????????? ????? ????? 3500 ??, ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????1. ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? (Denied boarding), ??а???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????? ??? ??????????. ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ??а?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????. 4. ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? Ф?????????????╗ ?аФ????????????╗ ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? (??.а10), ??а??, ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 108 ??а?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ????????? (??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????). ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?а???????????? ??а???? ??????????? ??а??????? ??? ??а24 ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ???????? ????, ?а???????? ??????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ????? ?а????????1 ? Official Journal Lа138/1, 30/04/2004. 122 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???????? ??а????? ????????? 25% ?????, ?????????? ??а????????? ?????????. ? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????, ????????? ????????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????? ??а??????? ?????????????? ????? ?а????? ??????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ?а??? ????????? ?а???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???????, ???а??? ??????? ??????????? ?а????????????, ??????? ?а??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ??а?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???????? ??а???????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а???? ?????????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????????? ?а?????? ??а???????? ?????????, ??а??????? ?? ???????, ??а????? ????????? ????????????? ???а???????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?а??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????. ??? Ф???????????╗ ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????1. ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??, ?а?????????, ??а????????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? (?.а41 ?а227). ?а????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ????????, ???????? ?????, ??а??????? ?а????????? ????????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????????? ?а????????, ????????? ?а??????????, ?????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?а??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ?а????, ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????????, ????????????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??. ?а??????? Ф????????????╗ ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??-?? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?а?????????. 1 ? ??.: ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 25.09.2008 ?а155 (???. ?? 16.03.2009) Ф??а??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????, ???????? ?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ???????╗. 123 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? 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(?.а123) ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??а??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?а??????? ???? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?????, ??а??????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ????????????? ?а???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??а?? ?? 23.09.2010 ?а???10-434 ??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 07.06.2010, ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?.а6 ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????1. ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????, ?а??? ????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ?????????, ???аФ? ???????????? ??а??????? 437 ??а?? ??????????, ???????? ??? Ф????-????????╗, ???????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? Ф?????╗, ?????? ??????? ??а????????╗. ????????, ???а???????? ????????????? ???? ?а???????????? ???? ????? ???а??? ?????????? 1 ? ??????????? ??а?? ?? 23.09.2010 ?а???10-434 Ф??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 07.06.2010, ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? 6 ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????╗, ???. ???????? ?????????а?? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82╗. 124 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??а????? ?? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????. ????? ???? ?а???, ???а?.а6 ????? ?????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?а?? ???????? ???? ?а?????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ???, ??????? ??????????? ??а???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??а????????, ???????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????? ???????? ??а???????????? ????????, ???а??а???????????? ?????????? ??.а421 ??а??. ?????? ????????а? ??? ?????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? Ф?????╗, ?а???????????? ??????? ??????? ????, ??????? ??а?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ?????????, ???а?????? ????????? ??а?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????, ??а????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??а??????????. ??а?а????????? ???? ??а???? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?а????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??а?????-??????????. ????? ??????????? ??а???? ?а? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ??-1341. ??? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????? ??.а10 ??????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗, ??????????? ???????????? (???????????, ????????) ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?а??????? (???????, ???????), ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ?????? Ф????????╗ ??????????? Ф??????????? ??а??????╗ ??а???? ?????????, ?, ???а????? ??а????????????? ????, ???????? ??а??? ??????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ?????. ??а???? ?????????? ??.а12 ??????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗ Ф??????????????? ???????????? (???????????, ????????) ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? (??????, ??????)╗. ???????? ?.а1 ???? ??????, ???? ??????????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????? (??????, ??????), ??а?????? ????? ??????? ????????, ?а???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??а????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ???????. 1 ? ???????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??-134 ??????? ???????????: http://www. aviaport.ru/digest/2011/07/05/218214.html 125 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? II. ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ????????? ??, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ?а???????????, ???????????? ???????. ???????, ???а???? ?? ????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?а???????????????. ??????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????, ????, ??а???, ????? ???? ?????????????, ??????, ??? ????? ?????????? ??а???????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??а?? ??а?????????? ?а? ??????? ????????? ?а???, ???а?а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??а???????????? ?????? 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(?????????????) ???????????? ?а???????? ??а????????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????? ?а??????? ???????╗. ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а???????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ???? ????а? ?????? ??????????, ?а??????а? ????????????? ?????-?????? ?????????????????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?а?????????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ?? ????? ??????????, ???а????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??а??? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ?а??? ?????????. ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??а??, ????????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ???? ????????. ??????? ??а?????????? ??????????, ???а???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??а?????? ????????. ??????????????, ???а????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а?? ??а???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ??????? ?а?? ????????. 126 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? 5. ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????, ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?.?. ????????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????, ???а??? ???????????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?а?а?? ?? ????? ???????, ???а????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? 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(?????) ???????????. ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????а? ????, ???????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? Ф???????? ?а???????? ???????????????╗ ????????? ?????. ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ???а???????, ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ?а???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ??????? ??.а116 ?а117 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ?а???????, ????????????? ????????????????? ?а?????????????? ??????????а??. 128 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ???????? ??а??????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?а?а??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????? ?? ????????????? 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(??.а25 ?а27). ??? ????????, ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????, ????????? ?????????? (?????), ?????? ????????, ??-??????, ???? ????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????, ??-??????, ??????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? (??????), 129 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????-???????? ???????????????, ?-???????, ????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?а????????. ?????? ?????????? 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Ф??????????? ??????????????? ???????????╗. ? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????, ????????????????? ?, ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а?а????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? 1. ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?? ????? ????? ????130 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????, ??????????? ??????????, ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ???????? ?а??? ???????, ????? ????????? ??а????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ?? ???? ??а????????? ??????????????? ??а???? ??????????? 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(?????). ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????????????. ??????????????? ????? ???????????, ?????????????????? ?а????????????????? (?????а? ??????????????) ??а?????, ???1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а18?19. ? ??. ??а????: ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ????? ?????????. ??????????-???????? ?????????????. ?.: ?????, 1979. ?.а96. 2 131 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????, ???а???????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????. ?????? ?????а??а????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (????????? ??????????, ?а????????? ????? ?а??.). ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ???????, ???а???????, ??????????? ?????, ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?а?? ?????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???????????? ????, ?а????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????. ??????, ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????????, ??? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ????????????? ?а????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а????, ????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?а??????? ??????????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ???????????. ?а????? ??????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ?.а1 ??.а2 ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ??? ?? ????????, ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?а?????????? ??а????????? ?? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????? (????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ??. Да1а??. I). ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?? ???? ??а????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????, ???а?а?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????? ????? ??????? (??????????), ???а??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ??????? ??а??????? ???????? ????132 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ?а????? ?????????? (??. Да1а??. II)1. ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а??????????????? ??а????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????, ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а?????????, ??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? (??????????, ???????????? ?а?.?.). ?????? ?а??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????, ??? ?а?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????2. ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? (?а???? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?а??? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????????????) ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??.а40 ??а??, ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ?а?.а1 ??.а116 ??а??, ??????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а116 ??а??, ????????????? ???аФ????? ???????? ???????????????╗, ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ?а???????, ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??.а800а??.а40 ??а?? ?а??.а117 ??а?? ???????? ?а???????? ??.а59 ??а?? ?а????????? ??????????????, ???????? ??????? ??а??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???? ?а??????. ???????? ??а??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?а????????????, ??????????????? ??????????, ?а??????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??а??????????? ????????????????, ?а???? ????????? ??????? ??.а800 ??а?? ??????????? ????????????? (?????????) ????????, ?а?????????????, ???????? ????? ??????? ?а??????????????. ?????? ?а??? ????, ????????, ????????? ????????? ?????Г 1 ? ????????????? ?а??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? Ф?????????? ?????╗ ??а?????? ???????. ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ??а?????????? (damage) ?а??????????? (dommage) ??????, ???????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? Ф????╗, Ф?????╗, Ф??????╗. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а21. 133 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??а????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ?а?? ??????? ??.а59 ??а??. ??? ????? ????????????? ??? ?? ???????а800 ??а??. ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ??а????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????. ?.?. ??????? ???????, ???а???? ????, ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а???? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? (??.а1084 ??а??)1. ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ?.?. ????????, ??а?а?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????а? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??????а? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????2. ??????? ??? ??? ???????????, ???а????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?а??? ?????? ?а?????, ??а??????????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??а????????3. ? ??????????? ???а???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????, ??а?? ?????????? ?а???????????????, ?а??????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????????, ?а?????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? 1 ? ??????????? ?????: ???????. ?а2 ?. ?. II. ??????? 2а/ ???. ???. ?.?. ???????. 2-?а???., ???????. ?а???. ?.: ??????? ??????, 2005. ?.а424. 2 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а13. 3 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?.: ????. ???., 1981. ?.а69; ??????? ?.?. ????????????? ????????????? (???????? ???????). ?., 1982. ?.а98. 134 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ????? ?а?.?. ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????. ?а???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??а??????????? (??????? ????????? 1952а?.), ?а???????? ?а??? ?? 1978а?. ???а????????? ??а???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ???а?????????? ?????????, ?????? ?а??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????1. ?а?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??а???????? ????? ????????? ?а???? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????2. ?а2009а?. ?а????-???????? ???? (????????) ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??а??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ??а???а? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? (????????? ????? ?????????????). ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????3. ??????а? ????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? (????????? ??????? ?????????????).4 ????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????, ??а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????, ?а?????? ????? ???. ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ?а??? ????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????, ??а???? ???????? ????? ??а?????????????? ?????? ?а??????????, ?????????? ?а?а??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. ??????????? ????? ??????? ??а????, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?а???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, 1 ? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??а?????? ????? ?????????? Ф????????????? ????????? ?????╗ (??? ???. ?.?. ??????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.: ?????, 1981. ?????? ?????а? ?.?. ?????? ?а?.?. ??????????). 2 ? Kjellin H. The New International Regime for Third Party Liabilityа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXIII/2 (April 2008). P.а63?80. 3 ? ICAO Doc. 9920: http://www.aviadocs.net/icaodocs/Docs/9920_mu.pdf 4 ? ICAO Doc. 9919: http://www.icao.int/DCCD2009/docs/DCCD_doc_42_ru.pdf 135 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??а???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ???а??????? ?а?????? ???????? ????. ???????? ????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ?а????????. ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? Ф??????????? ?????????? ??????????╗ (obligation de resultat)1. ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?а???, ????? ??????? ??а???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????. ??? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ???????????????, ?.?. ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????. ?а??????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ?????, ?а????????, ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????, ????? ??????, ?????? ??а????, ??? ???????? ????????? ?з????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????а? ???????????? ??????????? ???????. ??а??? ?? ???????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????: ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????, ??????????????? ??????? ??а????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????????? ??????-???? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????, ????????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? (????????? ??. Да3 ????????? ?????). ???????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????????, ????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????? ???????????2, ??а??? ??????, ??а?????? ????????????, ?а?????? ????? ??а??????? ?????????? ?а??? 1 ? Rodiere Renж. Droit des transports: transports terrestres et aeriens. Paris, 1977. P.а748?763. ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ???????? Ф??????????? ?????╗ ?а??????????? ??????????? ?????а// ??????????? ?а?????. 2003. ?а3. ?.а96?100. 2 136 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??а???????? ????????. ????????? ?а?????????? ????????????????, ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????1. ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ????? ?а????????????-??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а?????, ?а????????? ?????????, ??а?????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? ?а?????????, ?а????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а????????????? ??????????. ??а???? ?????? ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ??????? ??? ?а????????? ???????2. ???? ????, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ?а??????????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. Ф??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??а?????????╗,а? ????? ?.?. ???????. ??а??? ??????, ?????????? ????? ????????????? (?????????) ??????????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?а?????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ?а????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ?а???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??.а24 ?????????? ?а??.а29 ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ??.а24 ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ????? ?а??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????????, ?????????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ????, ??а????? ????????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а148; ??????? ?.?. ????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а?? ???????????????? ??????????. ?.: ??????????, 1951. ?.а203?206; ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? 23.10.1963а// ????????? ?? ????. 1963. ?а6. ?.а14. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а147?148; ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а20. 137 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? (?????? ??? ???????) ?????????? ???. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ??а?????????? ??а???????? ????? ?а?????, ????, ??? ??????????, ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????, ??.а29 Ф????????? ??? ????╗ ???????????? ????????? ??-????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????: Ф??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? ????? ??? ??а???????????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????, ???? ??а?? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????, ?????????????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????╗ ????? ???????, ??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ??а??????????????? ??а?????? ??а???????????, ??а?а?? ??? ???? ????, ??????? ?????-?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?а??? ??????????. ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????, ?а??? ???????????. 3. ???????????????? ???????????. ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а1 ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????. ?????, ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ???а?????? ????????, ??????? ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а36 ???????????? ????????? ?а???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ??????????, ?а??????????????? ?а???????? ????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ?????????. ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????????????? ???????????. ?????? ?.а2 ?а3 ??.а30 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а36 ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????????, ?а???????? ??а???????????????? ????????????, ??? ?а?а????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? 138 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ? ?????????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а36 ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ??а???? ??????????????? ??а????????? ??а????? ????????, ?????????? ?а????????. ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а36 ???????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ?а???????????а? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????. ????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????, ??а??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?а????? ??? ?? ???????? (???? ??? ???????????). ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????1, ????????????, ???????????. 4. ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??а?????????? ???????????? ??а????????. ??????? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ??а???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ??а?? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????????, ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??а????????? ??? ??а????????????, ?а???????? ?????????? ?а????? ??а???? ?????? ???????????? ?а?????????????? ?? ??а????????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????а?? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82, ?????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ????????????? ??а??? ???????? (???????????) ????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ???????????????? ?а???????1 ? ??????? 30 (?.а3) ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??а???????? ????????, ???? ??а?????? ?а?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ???а??а??????????? ?а?а?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а??????. ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ?а?? ??????? ?????? ?.а3 ??.а36 ???????????? ?????????. 139 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? (?.а6 ????. 1 ????? ?????? ?????????). ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? Ф?????? ???????????╗ ?????? ??????????????. ?а?????????, ??? ????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? (? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????). ??? ????????????? ??а??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??а????? ????? ?????????, ?????? (???????????) ????????????. ????????? ???а?? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ?а???????? ???????. ??а?????? ?????????? ???а??, ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а???????? ???????????1. ?????? ??а???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ????????? ??? ????????? ?а?????????? ??? ???????????? ??а??????? ??????????? (????????? ?????????), ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???а??????????, ??? ?а???????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????, ??а?????????? ???????????? ??а????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?а?. ??????????? 18 ???????? 1961а?. ?а???????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?а?а???????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?? ??????????? ??. V. ?????? 39 ???? ?????, ????????? ??????? Ф?????????? ??а????????╗ ?аФ??????????? ??????????╗, ???????, ???а????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ??? ???????????? ??а????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????. ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? 1 ? ????????????? ?????????? ???а?? ?? 20.05.2008 ?а412/08 ??а???? ?а?401627/07-126-12. 140 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??а????????, ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ?а????????? ??а???????? ???????????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ??а???????? ?????? ??а??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?а????????????? ???????????, ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ???а??????????. ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ?а??. Vа???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????, ????????? ??а????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?? ???????. ???????, ?а?????????, ??.а40 ???????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???а???а?????????? ??а????????, ??? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ??а???а? ?а????????? ???? ?????????, ??????????????? ?а????????, ??????а? ???? ?а????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??а????????????. ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????????? (???????????????) ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????. ?а?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?а?????????? ????? (???????) ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??а??? ?????? ?а???????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?а????? ??????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??а????????????, ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?а???? ????? ?????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???. ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? (??.а45 ???????????? ?????????, ??.аVII ?????????????? ?????????). ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а???????? (??.а41). ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??а????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? (??.а21?24). ?а????? ?а???? ??????????, ???, ???? ?????????? ??а???????? ????? ??а???? ?????????????, ??а??????????????? ??????????, ??? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ?а??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????? ?а????????? ???? (?????) ?а??????????? ????????? 141 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? (?????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а????????), ??? ??а????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??а??а????????. ??? ???????????? ?а????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???а?а??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?а???????????? ???????????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???? (??.а12), ?а??????? ??а????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????? (??.а42). ?????? 43 ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??а???????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???????????. ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????? ???????????, ?а??????????? ??а???????? ?а? ?? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ??а????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??а????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?а??????????? ??а????????, ???? ?а???????????? ???????????. ??? ???? ????? ??а?????????? ??? ??а????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????????? (??.а44). ?? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????, ?????а?а?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? (??.а48). ????????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??а???????????? ?? ?? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??а???????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? (??.а47). ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??а?? ?? ????????? ???аФ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????╗ ?а??? ????? Ф????? ??????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? (???????????? ???????????) ??????????? ?????????╗1. ????? ?????????????? ????????? ??а?а????, ?а? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????? 1 ? ??????????? ??а?? ?? 23.09.2010 ?а???10-434 Ф??а?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????а?? ?? 07.06.2010, ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? 6 ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????╗, ???. ???????? ?????????а?? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82╗. 142 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????. ??а????, ????? ???????, ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????, ?? ????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?а?.?. ?????????????, ????? ??????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? (???????????? ???????????) ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ???????????? (?.а1 ??.а313 ??а??), ??а???????? ??а?????? ???????? ????? ??а??????????? ?а????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?? ????????? (????????? ??. Да6а??. II). ? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????, ????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???. ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??а??????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????. 5. ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????? ??а????????? ????? ??????????, ???а???????, ???? ???????? ?а???, ???а?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??? ????? ??????????, ?а???????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?а???????????? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????, ???а????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????, ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????. ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ??.а38 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а31 ?????????? ????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????-???? ???? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?а????????? ????????? ?, ?????????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ?.а3 ??.а18 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а4 ??.а18 ???????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????. 143 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ???????, ???????, ??а???????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ??-??????, ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????, ?????? ??? ??????????. ?а???? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????????????, ????, ??? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ???а??????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ??-??????, ???????? ???????????? ?.а4 ??.а18 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а???????, ?????????? ?????-???? ?????? ????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ?а?? ???, ?а?????????????, ?а?? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????. ????????, ???а????? ?? ????? ???? ?а????????? Ф?????? ???????????╗. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? Vа????????? ?????????. 6. ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ?а????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????-????????? ??а?????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ?а???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?????????? Ф?????? ????, ????????? ?а???????????, ??а????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?? ????? ?а?? ???? ???????????╗. ? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????????????? ??а???????? ????? ????????, ?а????? ???????, ???? ??? ??а????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ??????????. ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??а?????????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??а???????????????, ????? ?а????? ?? ????????? ???? ?а?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ???????????. ?а????? ?а???? 144 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? (??.а25?), ???????????? ????????? (??.а30) ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?а?????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??.а30 ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ???аФ????????, ??????. ????? ????? ?????╗, ???? ??? ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ???????????????, ??а??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??а????????? ?????????. ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????, ??? ???????? ?а???????, ??а?????? ?а???? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ????????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????, ?????????? ?а??????? (?.а3 ??.а30 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а3 ??.а25? ????????? ?????????). ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????? ?а4 ????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ??? ????????? ????? (????????? ??. Да3 ????????? ?????). 7. ???? ?????????? ????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????????, ????? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??а?а? ???? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ?а??????????? ??????. ??а????????, ????????, ?????????????? ???? ?а??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а?.?. ?а??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ???, ????????? ??а??????? ????????? ?а??? ????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????, ?а??? ???????????. ???????????? ???????????? ????????? (??.а37) ?????????? ?????????, ???а????????? Ф?? ?????????? ??????? ?а???, ????? ?? ????, ????????????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ?а?? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????╗. ????? ???????, ??????????, ???????????? ????, ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ??????, ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????. 8. ?????????????? ???, ??????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?а?????? ?????? ????, ???????? ???????????????, ??? ?а?????????? ????? ????????????? 145 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а??? ??????????????? (??.а27 ?????????? ?????????) ??? ?а?????, ??а???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? (??.а32 ???????????? ?????????). ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???а??? ??????????? ???? ?а???????, ????? ????, ????????????? ??а?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ?а????????? ?????? (????????, ??.а57 ??а??), ????? ????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????. ????? ????, ?а?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? (??.а1093 ??), ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ??????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ????? ??? ????????. ???, ?а?????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????????. ?а???? ?? ????????????? ?а?????????? ?а?????????? ?????. ?а?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????????. 9. ??????????????? ????????? ?а????????????????. ??а??????????????? ????????? ???а??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??а??????? ??????. ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?? ???? ??а????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????????????. ???????, ????????, ????????? ??.а27 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а32 ???????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ??а????????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????. ???????????????? ???а??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????. ??-??????, ???????? ??.а10 ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ??а????????? ?????, ????????? ??-?? ?????????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ??????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?а?????????. ??-??????, ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а???????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????146 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да1. ???????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ???, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???? ?????????????, ??????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? (??.а16 ?????????). ????? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????, ??????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????. ???, ??а??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??а????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????? (??.а395 ??). ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?а???????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ??? ????? ?а????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ?????????, ?а?????????, ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?а?.?. ??????????? ???????? ????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ?а?????, ?а????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??а???????????? ??????????. ?? ?????? ??.а121 ??а??, ???????? ??а????? ?????????? ?? ????????????, ????????, ???а?а???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??а????????. ??а?? ??а???????? ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??а????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ????. ???????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ??? Ф????????╗ ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ??а?? ????. ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??а?? ??а??????????????? (?.а3 ??.а401) ?а?????? ????, ???а??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????????, ???а???????, ?????????????????. ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а??????????-???????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?а????????????? ??????? ?а???????????. 147 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ????????? ???????????? 1. ??? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????, ???? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????. ????????????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????? ??????????????. ?????????????, ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?? ????, ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????????? ?а???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????1. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ???а?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??????. ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??? ????????? ??? ???????????2, ????????? ????????????? ?????, ??????, ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?????????. ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??а????? ??????? ?а???????? ????????????. 2. ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ???????? ???????????? ??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??а????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????, ???????????? ??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? (????????? ???? ????? Ф???????╗, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???? ??? ???????). ????????? ?????????????? ????????? 1971а?., ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ??а?а???? ??? ?а?? ???????????, ?????Г 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?????: ???????. ?. Iа/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ?.: ??????????? ????? Ф????????╗: ?????-?, 2006. ?.а437. 2 ? ?????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????: ???????. ???. .. .????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. 148 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а??а???????? ???????????, ?а?? Ф??????╗ (?а????. ?????? ????? Фbodily injury╗ ???? ???????? ??аФpersonal injury╗). ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а????? ?а???? ?????????? ??а???? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????????, ????????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????. ?а????????? ??????? Ф?????? ????╗ (Фpersonal injury╗) ??а30-? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ???а??а????? ?????? ?????????????? ?а??????? ?????? ?????, ??а????????? ?а??????????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?а?? ?????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ?????? Фpersonal injury╗, ??????? ?а??? ??????? ??????а? Ф???????? ???????????╗. ??????, ???????? ????????? ?а????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?? ?????? 1974а?., ?????????????? ???????? ?а??? 1990а?. ?а??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? Ф???????? ???????????╗, ???????? ??а??, ???а?а?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?аФpersonal injury╗. ????????, ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??а?????? ??? ??????? ?а?а1997а?., ?а???? ????????????? ??????????? ??а30-? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???1. ????? ??? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????, ?????????? Ф????????????╗ ????????????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ?а???? ???? ??а??? ???? ?а???????? ???, ????????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ??а?? ?????????? ?а??????? Ф???????? ???????????╗. ??а???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а1999а?. ?????????????? ???? (????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????) ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? Ф???????????? ???????????╗ ?а???????? ?????????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ??????????2. ?а?????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ??????3 ??а??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????1 ? ICAO Doc. 9693-LC/190. ? DCW Doc. No. 10 4/5/99. 3 ? DCW Doc. No. 50 25/5/99. 2 149 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? Ф????????? ???????????╗ ??? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ???????? ?а?????????. ?аФ???????? ????????????╗ ????????? ????? Ф??????????? ???????????, ????????? ?а???????? ????????, ?а??????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?????????╗. ????? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ??аФ??????????? ???????????╗, ???? ??? ??????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??а????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????, ??????? ??? ??а30-? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????????, ???????? ?а?????????? ????????????????: Ф?????????? ????? ????? ?а????????╗. ????? ????????? Ф????????? ???????????╗, ??????????????? ?а??????????, ??????? ??????????1, ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??а157-? ?????? ?????? ????2, ?????? ???? ?????????? ?а??? ??????? ???????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????, ???????? ??а??, ???а???????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????? Фbodily injury╗ (Ф???????? ???????????╗), ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? ?а?????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ?????????, ??? ??? ????????? ?а????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??а???????3, ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ???, ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????4. ?????? ??????????? ?а???????, ???а????? ???????? ????????? ??????? Ф???????? ???????????╗ ??а????? Ф???????? ???????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???????????? ?????????╗5. ????????, ????????, ?.а4 ??.а31 ??????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????? 1969а?., ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, 1 ? DCW Doc. No. 35 18/5/99. ? ICAO Doc. C-WP/11155 11/6/99. p. 2. 3 ? Cunningham McKay. The Montreal Convention: Can Passengers Finally Recover for Mental Injuries? Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2008 [Vol.а41:1043]. 4 ? Cunningham McKay. Op. cit. ?. 29. 5 ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. P.а17. 2 150 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? Ф??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ???????????, ???а????????? ????? ????? ?????????╗. ?????????? ??????, ???а?????? Ф??????????? ????╗, ??????????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???????? ????????????? ??????? Ф????????? ????╗, ????????????? ?а?????????? ????????????????, ?а??????????????? ?????1. ?а?????????? ?а?????-???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ???а????????? ???? ?а?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а????????, ????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????????2. ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? Ф????????? ????╗ ?аФ??????????? ???????????╗ ??????, ?????? ?????????????, ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????. ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???а?????????, ??? ?а???????????? ???????????. ?а?????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????????, ?а?? ??????а? ???. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?? 01.10.99 Ф????? ????? ??? ????????╗ ???????? ????... ???????????? ?а????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????, ???????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????????? ???????╗. ?????? ??а???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????, ????????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??? ??????????????????? ?а?.?., ?????????, ?а?????????, Ф??????????? ????????????╗ ?????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??а??? ????????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????? ???????????????, ?а? ???????????а? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??а???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ????????????????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????????, ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? (????????? ??. Да3 ?а6 ????????? ?????). ???? ?? ?????????????????? ?????? ??а??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? (?? ??а????????? ?а?????, ??? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?а?.?.), ??а?а???? ?????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??а????????. 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????????? ?????: ???????????. ?., 2000. ?.а40?56. 2 ? ?????? ?.??. ????. ???. ?. 320. 151 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??а ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???а??? ?????????????? ?а????????? ??????? ???а??????, ?????????? ??????????. ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? (?????????) ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?????????. 3. ????????????? ????? ?а??????. ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????????? ?????, ??????, ?????? ????? ?а???? ????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??? ??а????????? ?????. ???????? ??.а18 ??????????, ??.а17 ?а18 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????????, ?а????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????. ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? (??.а118 ??) ????????? ????: Ф??????, ?????????, ??????????? (?????)╗. ??????????????, ???а???????? ??? ??а???????? ?????? ??????? ??а????????. ?а????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??а?? (??.а796) ?????????? ?????????? ??????а? Ф?????????????╗ ????? ?а??????. Ф??????????? ?а?????╗ ????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????? Ф??????╗. ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? (?.а3 ??.а13) ????????, ???а???? ???? ?а????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??а???, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ???????, ???а?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??а???? ???????? ????? ????????????. ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ?а?????????? ??????. ???????? ??.а796 ??а?? ???? ????????? ??????????, ???? ??а?? ?????? ?а????? ?????????? ??а????????? 30 ???? ?а???? ???????, ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????? 10 ????, ????????? ??? ??а??? ????????? ?а???? ??.а126 ??а?? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??а?????? ?????. ??? ???????? ??????, ??а??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?.а3 ??.а17 ???????????? ?????????, ?.а154 ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? 21-??????? ????. ?????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????-???? ??????. 152 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? Ф?????????╗ ???????? ??????? ??????? ?а???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ?????, ????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? Ф??????????? ?а?????╗. ??????? Ф??????????? (?????)╗ ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?а????????? ?, ???а???????, ????????? ??а???? ???????? ????????. 4. ???????? ??? ?????????. ?????????? ????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????. ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? Ф????????? ??? ????????? ?????????╗ (??.а19). ?????? 19 ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? Ф???????? ??? ????????? ?????????╗. ????? ???????????? ?а??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а???? ??????? ?????????????: ? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????; ? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? (????????) ?а????? ??????????; ? ??? ????????? ?а????. ? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а?????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?а?а?????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ?а?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ФDelay╗, ??а???????????а? ФRetard╗. ?????? 795 ??а?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ?????????, ??? ??а????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?а????? ??????????. ????????????? ???аФ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????╗, ??.а795 ??а????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? Ф?? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ?????????╗, ???, ???а??????????????, ???????153 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????????, ???а??а????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????, ?а??????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????. ??????? ????? ?????????, ?а?? ??????????. ????????? ?????, ????????, ??а???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????, ??а????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??а?????? ???? ??? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а???? ??????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ?а???????? ????? ?а???????. ?????? ?а??? ???????? ??.а795 ??а?? ??а???????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ????????? ?а??? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????, ??а?а?? ????????? ??? ???????? ?а????? ??????????. ??а?? ?????????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а??????. ?????? 120 ??а?? ?????????????? ????? ??.а795 ??а?? ?а????????? ?? ?????????? ??а??????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ????? ?а??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??.а795 ??а?? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф?? ????????? ????????╗ ?????????, ?а????? ?????? ?а?????, ??а?????????, ????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????. ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????, ???????? ???? ????? ??а?????????? ???????, ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? 120 ??а?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????????. ??????? ??????????? ?а????, ??? ????????, ???а??? ?????????? ?????? ?.а1 ??.а795 ??а?? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?а??а??1. ??а??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?.?. ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? (??. ?.а6 Да3 ????????? ?????). ??????? ???????????? ????? (Regulation (EC) Noа261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004)2 ?????????1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ?.а427; ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ???????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?.а507?508; ?????????? ?.?., ??????????а?.?. ????. ???. ?. 335. 2 ? Official Journal Lа046, 17/02/2004. P.а0001?0008. 154 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? (Delay). ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? (Denied boarding), ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??а?????????. ?? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ???????. ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? (Cancellation) ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??а?????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? 19.11.2009 ??????????, ???а??? ????? ???? ??????, ?.?. ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? Ф????????╗ (Delay), Ф????? ?а???????╗ (Denied boarding) Ф?????? ?????╗ (Cancellation) ???????????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???? ??????? ???????????1. ????? ????, ??? ????, ???а???? ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??? ??а??? ????, ??а?? ????? ????? ??а???????????, ??????????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????? ?а??????? ??а???? (?????????а??. Да3 ?а5 ????????? ?????). ??? ??????? ?а?????????????? ???а??????????? ????????????, ??? ?а????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?????2. ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ????????, ??????????????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?а?????, ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?а???????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ??????, ???а???? ???? ???? ?а???????? ??? ?????????, ??а??????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ??, ?? ?????? ??а???????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ????????? ?а??????? ???1 ? Official Journal Cа24/5. 30.1.2010. ? Balfour John Airline Liability for Delays: The Court of Justice of the EU Rewrites EC Regulation 261/2004. Air & Space Law. Vol. XX?V. Number 1. 2010. 2 155 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а???? ?????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????????????????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????? ??а??????? ?????????? ???? ??а?????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??а?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????????. ?????? ???? ?а???? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?? ?????????? ?а????? ??а???, ??а?????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ???? ??? ????????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??а?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?а???? Weiss v. El Al Israel Airlines, Ltd ????? ????????? ??а???, ???а????? ????????? ?а????????? ??а????? ????????????????? ???а???????? ?а?????? ??.а19 ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??? ?а?????? ?????. ???, ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????, ??? ??а????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ??а???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?а???? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????1. ????? ???????, ??? ??????? ??а????, ???а??? ?????????? ??? ??а??а??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а? ??? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? c?. 29 ???????????? ????????? ?а???? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ??а?????????. ?. ???????? ???????, ???а?а???????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?а????? ??????? ??а???????????2. ?????? ???????? ???? 1 ? IATA Liability Reporter, February 2007. Vol.а10. ?. 6?7. ? Tompkins George N., Jr. ФBumping╗а? Denied Boardingа? and Article 19 of the Montreal Conventionа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXII/3. June 2007. P.а231?232. 2 156 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ???а???????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????? ??.а19 ???????????? ?????????, ???а???????, ????????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????. 5. ????????? ???? ????????????. ????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??а????? ??а??? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????: ?.а3 ??.а10 ???????????????, ???а?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ??а??????????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?а????????? ??а???? ??? ?а??????, ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? (?а?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????). ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ??а??????????????? ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ???????????. ????? ???, ????????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????, ?????? ????? ????????????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?????, ???????? ????? ??а?а????? ??? ??????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?а?.?. ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??а????????????. ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ???а?????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????? 1929а?., ??а??????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????1. ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????????????? (????) ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? 1 ?аTompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. Kluwer Law International BV. The Netherlands. 2010. ?. 231. 157 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? Ф???а?????????╗, ?.?. ?а???? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??а????????. ???, ??????????????, ?????????? ??а??????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?? ??а????????????. ????? ???????, ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????, ?.?. ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????. ??а????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ??.а24 ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????????????? ??.а17?19 ?????????. ??????? ?а???????, ????????????? ???? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ?а??????????? ?а??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? (??.а17?19), ?.?. ???? ??а??????????????? ???????????, ??а??????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????, ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?????, ??????, ?а???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??а?????????, ???? ???????????, ??а??????????????? ??? ??а?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ?а?? ??а?????? ?????????? ?????????1. ??? ????? ?.?. ???????, ??????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? Ф???????????????╗, ?а???????????? ??? ??а???????? ????????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????2. ???, ?а?????? ????????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ??а??????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ?а????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (??.а15, 393а??), ??1 ? ??. ??а???? ?????: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а176. ? ??. ??? ??. 2 158 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??а??????? ???????????????????? ????? (?.а3 ??.а401 ??), ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??а???? ???? ?? ?а??, ?? ?а?? ??а??????????. ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???? (??.а15 ?????? ?а?????? ???? ????????????). ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?а????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??.а24 ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ??а?? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??а??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ???, ????????, ?а??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? 17а??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? (???) ??а1 ?? ????? (??. Да3 ????????? ?????). ??а????????? ??????: ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ???а?а??????????, ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??? ??? ?????????. ?????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? (??. Да5 ????????? ?????). ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??а???????????? ???????? ??а????????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?а?а?????? ??????????? ?а????? ??????????, ????????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??????, ?а?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??а????????. ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??????????, ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????, ???а??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ??? ?????????????. Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? 1. ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ????????? ??а???? ??????? ????????????? ?а???, ????? ????? (??????, ????) ???????? ??????????. ??????? ?а???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????159 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????, ?????? ????????? ????????????, ???????????? ????????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?а??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??а?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ??.а29 ???????????? ????????? Ф??? ????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ??а????????╗. ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а?а????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????. ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ?а???, ???а?????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? 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(??.а1149 ???????????? ???????????? ???????, Да252 ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ?.а2 ??.а2-708 ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ???)1. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? Ф??????????? ????╗, ?????????? ?????? ?а???, ??з ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?а????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ?а?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??а?а???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? 1 ? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ?. Iа/ ???. ???. ?.?. ????????, ?.?. ???????. 4-? ???., ???????. ?а???. ?.: ????????. ?????????, 2004. ?.а462. 160 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????, ?????? ?а????????? ?? ????????, ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????? ????????. ?а??? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???. ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????а?? ??а?????????????? ?а?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? (??.а393 ??а??). ?????????????? ?????????? ???????а? ??? ???? ??????????-???????? ???????????????. ??? ???????? (??.а15 ??а??) ?????????? ??????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? (???????? ?????), ?а????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ????, ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ??а???? ???????? (????????? ??????). ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а???????? ??????? ??а????, ???а?а?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????, ?.?. ??????? ???????. ?а????????? ?????? ???????? ?а??????, ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ???а?а???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? (??????), ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ??а???? ???????? (????????, ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????). ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????????? ?????, ??а??????? ??а???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? ????1. ?? ????? ????????? ??а?? ?а???? ??а?????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ???????, ???а?а?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??а?а???????, ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? (?.а2 ??.а15 ??). ?? ????????????? ?а?????????????? ?????? ???1 ? ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ??.?15. 161 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????????, ????????????????, ?а???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????? (???????????) ?????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????, ?????; ???????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????????????, ?а?.?. ?????? ????????????? ?????? (????????? ??????) ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ????????? (?.а10 ?а11 ????????????? ???????? ??а?? ?а???а?? ?а6/8)1. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? (?????), ??????? ??а???? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? (??.а1085 ??а??). ????? ???????, ?а????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ????????? ???аФ??????????? ????╗. ???? ????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????, ??????? ?а?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??.а29, ?????????? ?а????????? ?? ?????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а??? ???? ?а????????? ???????? ????????. ???, ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????, ???а??а???????? ????????? ?????, ??а????????? ?а???????????? ????? (...dommages Яаun titre autre que la reparationа? ??., noncompensatory damagesа? ????.). ?????? ??????? ????? Ф???????????╗ ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?а???? ???????????? ?????? ?а????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????а? ??? ??а????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ???а????, ??????, ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????, ???? ????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? (??.а?.а3 ?а4 Да3 ?а?.а3 Да4 ????????? ?????)2. ????? ???????, ???????????? ?а??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ?????? Ф??????????? ????╗ ?а????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ???а??????????????, ????????, ???а????????? ??а???????? ?????? ???1 ? ????????? ??а??. 1996. ?а9; ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ??.а1064. 2 ? Wegter J.J. The ECJ Decision of 10 January 2006 on the Validity of Regulation 261/2004: Ignoring the Exclusivity of the Montreal Conventionа// Air & Space Law. Vol.аXXXI/2 (November 2006). P.а133?148. 162 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?а??????, ???????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??а?????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???, ?????? ?? ?а????????? Ф???????????? ?????╗ ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??а????, ???а??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????????, ??а?а??????? ?????1. ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?а????????? ?????????-???????? ?????????2. ??а??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????, ????????, ???????? ??????????? ??????, ?а???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?а???? ????? ??а?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ????. ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??.а151 ??а??. ??? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?а??? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???а???????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?а????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ???????? ??.а29 ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??а???????????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ??????? ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????. ???, ??а??????????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ?а??????. ??? ??????? ??.а796 ??а?? ???????? ???????? ??а?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (??.а15 ?а393а??а??) 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а5. ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а34. 2 163 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????. ??? ????????????????? ?а?а????????????? ???????????1. ????? ????, ????????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ??????, ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?а???????????? ?????? ??????????. (?????? ?а????????? ????????, ?а??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????, ???????? ??????????????? ?а?.а7 ??????? ?????????.) ????? ??а??????? ????? ???????? ?а1929а?. ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?а??????????? ????????????, ???? ??а???????????? ??????, ??а??????, ??????? ?а?????? ??????? ??? ??а?????? ????????. ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????? ??а??????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????-?????????? ???? ?????????2. ??а???????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???а????? ???????, ??????????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ?з????? ????? ??????????. ????????? ??а??????, ?????? ????????????? ????????, ?????????? ????????????, ??а????????, ?????????????, ??а?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????. ?а???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ??????? ??????, ????????, ??а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. 1 ? ??., ????????, ??.а23 ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? (????). 2 ? ?а???????? ???????????? ?а??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?.: ????. ???., 1981. ?. 86?87; ??????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?. ????????????-???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ?????а// ????????? ??????????? ?а?????. 1968. ?а11. ?.а69; JenksаC. Liability for Ultra-hazardous Activities in International Lawа// Recueil des cours, t.117, 1967. p. 84); Drion H. Limitation of Liability in International Law. 1954. ?. 13, 17, 28?31. 164 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??а????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????, ??? ??????????? ?а???????? ??? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????. ??а????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?а?????? ????????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????. ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а??????? ?а???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а?????????????? ??а???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? Ф?????????????╗. ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ??, ???а?????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????, ????? ???а?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а?а??????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ??а??????????????? ?а????? ?а???? ?????-???? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?а??? ?? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?а????????? ??а?? 1997а?. ?а??????????? ?а???? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ???????? ???????? ??????????. ?а?????????? ????????? ???????????????? (??) ????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а????, ?а?????? ?а?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????, ?????? ?а?????? ?????, ?а????? ????????????-???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??а??????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. 2. ??????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????? (??.а22) ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? 125 ???. ???????. ???????? ?????????? 1955а?. ??? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?а????????? 250 ???. ???????. ????????? ????? ???????? ??????165 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? 10а???. ?а20а???.а????. ???. ??а??????????? ?????, ???а????????, ?а???? ??.а800, 1064 ??а?? ?а??.а117 ??а?? ????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??а????????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????, ??????????????? ??.а1083 ??а?? (?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?а???????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????). ????? ?????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? (???, ??????, ??????, ??????, ????? ?а??.; ??. Да5 ????????? ?????). ??????? ?????????????, ???а?а????? 60-? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????? ?а???? ??? ????????? ??????????????, ????? ???????????????? ???, ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ??. ?) ???????? ???????????????, ???????? ?а???, ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????????. ??а??? ?? ???????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?а????????? ???????????, ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????, ??????????????? ??????? ??а????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? (??.аДа1 ????????? ?????). ?) ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????????. ???, ?а??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?а???????????????? ?а????????? ?а??? ???????????? Ф????? ??????╗ ???????? ??????? (punitive damages) ?а????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??а???????????? ????. ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? Ф???????????╗ ??????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????1. ?) ????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ??????, ??????????? ??а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???а??????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а?????????, ???????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? (??. ?.а5 Да3 ????????? ?????). 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а35. 166 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?) ??????????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?а????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??а?????? ?а??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?а1966а?. ?а???????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????, ???????? ??а?.а1 ??.а22 ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? 75 ???.а????. ??? ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??? ?? 58 ???.а????. ??? ??? ???????? ???????? (??. ?.а4.4.5). ?????????? ???????????? ???? 1995а?., ????????? ??? ?а2027 ?? 09.10.1997 ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?.а1 ??.а22 ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?а??????????? ?? ????????. ??а??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????, ??а?????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????? ??????. ?) ??????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????????????? ???????? 1971а?. ?а???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а3 ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?? 100а???. ???, ??а?? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?а???? ??? ?а?? ????????. ?) ??? ????????? ??? ?а????????????? ???????? 1971а?. ?а?????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???? ??а???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????. ???, ?????????????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? 200 ???.а????. ???. ?а?????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? 1971а?. ?а???????????? ?????????? 1975а?. ?а3, ?а?????? ?????????? ?? ?а???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?а?? ????? 320 ???.а????. ???. ????? ???????, ???????????? ????? ???????, ????????????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? 1966а?. ?а3 ????, ?а??????, ??????????????? ???? ????????, ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?а4,5 ????. 167 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ????, ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????. ?а?????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?а?????, ????? ?????????????? ???? ?а??????? 2а????. ?а??????? ?????????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??а?????????? ???. ?а?????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? 50 ??????. ?????????? ????? ???????????? Prudential Insurance Company of America (????????????? ?????) ?а???????????? ?а??????????? ?а??????????????-????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?? 20.07.1977. ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? (??????? ?????????), ??????, ?а?????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????. ????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??а??????? 60 ???? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????1. ?????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? 1971а?. ?а????????????? ????????? 1975а?. ?а3, ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ????????? 1999а?., ??????? ????????? ??? ????????. ???????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????????, ???а???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??а????????? 100 ???. ???, ??а????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????????, ?.?. ??а???????? ?????????? (?.а1 ??.а17 ?а?.а1 ??.а21). ?а????? ??????????, ??????????? 100 ???. ???, ??????????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а21 ?????????, ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? (???????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??. Да5 ????????? ?????)2. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??а?????? ???????? ??????-?? 1 ? American Bar Association before the US Senat Foreign Relations Committee. Recommendationа// Documents of American Bar Association. Governmental Relations Office. WashingГton, D.C. 1981. ?. 3?8. 2 ? ?а1 ?????? 2010а?. ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 113 100 ???. 168 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????, ???а??? ???? ???????, ?а?????????? ???????????????? ?а????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ??????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????? ?а???????????????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??? ?а??????????? ??а?????????? ??????????, ??а?а???????? ??а???????? ?а??? ???????? ?????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗ ???? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????. ????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ???????, ?, ???а?? ?????????????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??а????? Ф???????????╗, ???а???????? ?????-??, ???? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ?а??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ??а????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? 29 ????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????. ?а?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????: ???????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а???? ????????? ??????. ? ??????????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????????? ????????????????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????????. ????????????-??????????? ??? ?? ???????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?а??????? ???????? ??? ??????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??.а37 ???????????? ????????? 3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ?а???????????? ?????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ??.а800 ??а?? ?а??.а117 ??а?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????? 169 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????????? ??.а59а??а??. ????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??а???????? ??.а1085? 1091а??а??. ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??.а1085 ??а??: Ф??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? (?????), ??????? ??а???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????, ?а????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????????? ????????, ?а??? ????? ??????? ??а???????, ?????????????? ???????, ???????????? ????????, ??????????????, ??????????? ????, ?????????-????????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????, ???? ???????????, ???а??????????? ????????? ?а???? ????? ?????? ?а????? ?а?? ????? ????? ??а?? ?????????? ?????????╗. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? (??????) ?????? ??а????????????, ?а????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?а???? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ???а??, ??? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ????????, ??а??????????? ??а???????? ?а?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ?а???? ?????????? ????? ??а????????????? ????? ????????? (?????), ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????????? ????????????, ????? ??а????????? ?а??????????????? ??.а1085 ??а?? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??а?? ????? ???? ?????????. ????? ??.а1086 ??а?? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? (??????), ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? 1087 ??а?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????, ???а??????? ??а??????? ????????? (??????). ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??.а318, 1090 ?а1091 ??а??. ?????? 1094 ??а?? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??а??????????. ?????? ???????? ?.а1 ??.а117 ??а?? ?а???????? ?????? ?? 04.12.2007 ?а331-?? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ?а????????? ????????. ??? ????, ??????, ???а?????????, ????????? ?а?? ????? ???????, ??????????? ??а?????? ??????????, ??а?а????????????? ????170 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ???????? ????? ???????????? ?.а1 ??.а117 ?? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????а??, Ф?????? ???????????????╗ ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????. ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? Ф????? ??????? ??????╗ ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????а?? ??а????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??а??? ?????? ????. ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??а???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???а??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??а???? ??????????. ??? ?????, ???а???????, ????????????? ???????? ???????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??а??????????????? ????? ????????????????? (? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?а????????? ?????? ??. Да7 ????????? ?????). ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????????????. ?? ?????, ???????????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??.а117 ?? ?а???, ???аФ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????а?? ??? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????╗, ????? ???? ??????????? ???а??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?а?????? ????????, ????????????? ???????????. ????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??а????????????? ?????????а?? ??а????????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?.а1.1 ?а1.2 ??.а117 ????? ???????? ??а?? ?а? ????????????? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ??????, ???? ??а?????, ????? ??а??????. ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? Ф??????????? ?а???? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????╗ (?.а1.1 ??.а117 ??). ??????????? ????????????? ?а???? ????????????? ????? ?а?? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????, ??????????? ??? ?????, ?????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????? ??.а1087 ??. 171 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а???? ??а?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????, ???а????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????1. ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? 2 ??? ???. ????? ???????, ??а?? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????, ?.?. ????????? ?а???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?а?? ???????. ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????????, ???а????????? ????????? ?а?? ????? ???? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????, ??а????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??????? (??.а29) ????????? ????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????. ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????а??. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ???????? ??а????? ????????? 2 ??? ???. ??? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ?а1 ?????? 2010а?. ???????? ?а2008а?. ??????????????а?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??а??, ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?а??????????? ???????????? (????????? ??. Да6 ????????? ?????). ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ?????. ?а?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?а??????? ??.а1088 ?а1089 ??а??, ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? 1088 ??а??, ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ?а???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????: ? ???????????????? ????, ?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??а????????? ?? ???? ??????????; 1 ? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ?????а/ ??? ???. ?.?.а???????. ?.: ??????, 2008. ?.а127. 172 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??? ??????; ? ???? ??а?????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????????????, ??????? ??а???????? ?а????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???????, ???????? ?а????????, ??а?????????? 14 ??? ???? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????, ??а??а?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а??????????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??а?????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??а??????????, ??????? ?????? ?а??????? ???????????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а????? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ??????; ? ????, ?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????????????? ?а??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а1088 ??а?? ?????????????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??? 18 ???, ???????? ?????? 18 ???а? ?? ????????? ????? ??а????? ????? ????????, ??а?? ????? ??? ?? 23 ???, ???????? ?????? 55 ??? ?а???????? ?????? 60 ???а? ??????????, ?????????а? ??а???? ????????????; ?????? ??а?????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???????, ???????? ?а????????,а? ?? ?????????? ??? 14 ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????. ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ???а???? ???, ????????????? ??.а1088 ??а??, ????. ??а???? ?а???? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ?а?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????. ????, ????????, ??????? ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ?а???? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ??а????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ?а??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??а???????? ?а??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???? ???????????????, ??а?????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????1. ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ??а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. 1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ??????????? ??????? ?????????????а// ??-?????.а2008. ???????. ?а41; ????????? ?.?. . ????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????а// ?????. 2008. ?а4. 173 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????, ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???????. ??????, ?а???? ???а??? ?а??????? ???? ??а?????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??а???????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????. ????? ??? ??а???????, ?а????????? ?а???????? ????? ???, ??? ?а?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??а?????????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????????? ?а???, ???а??? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ???????? ??.а117 ??а?? ??? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а??????? 2 ??? ???. ?а?????? ????? ???????? ????????, ??????, ???? ???????? ?????????, ?а???? ???????? ??а???? ???????????????? ??????а? ????????, ?а??????? ??а????????? ??а????????? (?.а1.1). ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???, ????? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ???????, ????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??, ??а???????? ??? ????????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ??????????, ??а?????? ?????????? ????? ?а???? ?????????? ?????-???? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ?а???? ?????? ???????? ?а????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????????. ????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??.а1087 ??а?? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????, ??????, ?????? ?а????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ?а???? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??а??, ??????? ????????????? ?а??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?.а3 ??.а1085 ??а??, ?а??? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ??а?????? ????? ??????????, ?а??? ??????? ?а?????????? ???????????????? ?а????????? ??????????????. ??????? ???????????, ???а????????, ??????, ???? ???????? ?????????, ??а???????????? ??а??? ?????????, ????? ????? ??а????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ??????????? ?????????, 174 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??а??????????????? ????? ???? ???????????, ???? ????? ????????? ???????, ??а???????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????? 2 ??? ???. ?????? 29 ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ????, ??а?????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????, ???а????? ?????? ????? ??а?????? ??а??????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???????????? ????. ?а?????? ????????? ???????: Ф?????? ??? ??а???????????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???, ?а?? ??????????????? ????╗. ??????? ???????, ????????? ??а?????????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???. ??? ????????, ???а?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ????????????????, ???, ????????, ??????????, ???????????? ???? ????? ???. ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????1. ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????? ??.а29 ?????????, ???? ???????? ??а?????????????? ?? ??????????: ?????????? ??? ??а????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ????? (???????) ?а????????? ????? ????? ?????????? (????????????) ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????. ?????? 29 ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????-???? ??????????? ?а????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а??????????? ???????????? ?????. ?????? 24 ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?? ???????, ??а?????? ???? ?а????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а?? ????? ???????, ???а??а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??а?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????? ?а??????. ????? ???????, ?????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а????? ???????????? ??.а29 ???????????? ?а??.а24 ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???а????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. 1 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 36. 175 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????-????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ????????????? ?а?? ??????????. ????????, ???а??? ???????????? ???? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????, ??????????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ??? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?а?а????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?а????????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ????????, ???а?????????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??а??????? ??.а31 ??????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????? 1969а?., ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ?а????? ???? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ??а?? ???? ?а??????????, ????? ?? ????? ??а???? ?????????????? ?????????? ???, ??а??????????????? ???????? ??.а1088 ??а??, ?????? ?а?????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ??а????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????? ???????????? (????.а2 ?.а2 ??.а264 ???а??)1, ???а??? ????????????? ??.а28 ???а??. ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????, ?а?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?а???????? ?а?? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??а????? ???????? (????????? ??. ?.а6 Да4 ????????? ?????). ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а??а?? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ???1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ??.?1088. 176 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а???????????? ??а??? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ??а??????????? ????????, ?а??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?аДа2а??.а59 ??а??, ??????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ??????????. ? ????? ?а???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??.а1088 ?а1089 ??а??, ?а??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? (???????? ????????). ?????? 1088. ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ???????????? 1. ?а?????? ?????? ????????????а? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????: ???????????????? ????, ?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??а????????? ?? ???? ??????????; ??????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??? ??????; ???? ??а?????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????????????, ??????? ??а???????? ?а????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???????, ???????? ?а????????, ??а?????????? 14 ??? ???? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????, ??а??а?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а??????????? ?????; ????, ?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????????????? ?а??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??а?????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??а?????????? ?а??????? ?????? ??а??????, ???????, ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????, ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??а????? ??????. 2. ????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??а?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ????????, ??????, ???? ????????, ???? ????, ?а? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??а???????? ???????????????? ??????,а? ????????, ?а??????? ??а????????? ??а?????????. 3. ???? ???????????: ??????????????????а? ?? ?????????? 18 ???; ???????? ?????? 18 ???а? ?? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??а????? ????? ????????, ??а?? ????? ??? ?? 23 ???; ???????? ?????? 55 ??? ?а???????? ?????? 60 ???а? ??????????; ?????????а? ??а???? ????????????; 177 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а?????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???????, ???????? ?а????????,а? ?? ?????????? ??? 14 ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????; ?????, ????????? ?а?.а2 ????????? ??????,а? ????????????? ??? ?а???? ????????????? ????????. ?????? 1089. ?????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? 1. ?????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????, ???? ??????????? ?а??????? ??? ???? ????????? (??????) ????????, ????????????? ??а???????? ?????? 1086 ???????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??а???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?а?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????????? (???????) ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????? ???????. 2. ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?а????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ???а??, ??? ?а????? ?????? ?????????, ?а????? ????????? (?????) ?а?????????, ?????????? ????? ??????, ?а???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??а?????????????. 3. ????????????? ??????? ??а??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???????: ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????; ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??а??????, ???????, ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????????. 4. ???????, ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????. ?????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?.а2 ?????? 1088, ???? ??????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????. ?????????? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?. ????????? ?а34 ??????? (?????а? ??? ???????) ??? ???????????? ???? ????????????? 30 ?????, ???????? 178 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗, ?а???????????? ???????? ФHoneywell╗а? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? (TCAS), ?????????????? ??а????? ??????????? ????????, ?а? ????????, ?????????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ????? ????????????,а? ACSS (Aviation Communication & Surveillance Systems), ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???-?????? ?а???????, ??а?????, ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????. ???, ??а????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????????, ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?а??????????????? ??????? ??? ????? (non-economic and economic damages). ?а??? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??а?????? ????, ???????? ???????? ????? ?а???????? ??? ??а????? ???????????? ??а?? ??????, ??????????, ???????? ?а??????. ?????? ?????????? ??а??????? ??а30 ???????? ????????? 1а247а661,88а????. ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ???, ???а??? ?????? ??????, ???а???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? 20% ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?а?????????? ?а???а??а????? ????? ???-?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? 348а660,35а????. ??а??????? ??а????????. ????????, ???а???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а????????? ??? ?а???????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗. ? ??? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??а????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?а???????? ???? 1920а?. (Death on the High Seas Act), ???????? ??????. ??? ???????, ??? ??????, ????????, ???? ?а????, ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ?а????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????, ???а???????? ???? ?а????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????????, ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????1. ????? ?????????? ???????? ?а???? ????????????? ????, ?а????? ??????????????? (?????????) ????, ???????????? ?аФ?????? ??????, ??????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????╗. ?а??? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????. ?а?????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ?а?????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??а???????, ???????????, ??????????????, 1 ? ?OF. Vol.а4. Feb. 2000. 46 USC App, par. 761. 179 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?а?.?. ??а????? ???? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? Ф?????? ??????, ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ?????, ???????????╗1. ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????, ???а??? ??????? ????????, ???а????? ?????? ???????? Ф???????????╗ (certain) ?аФ???????╗ (direct). ?а??????? ?????????????? ????? ??а???????????? ????? ????? ????, ?а?????????, ????????? ??????? ??а???????, ?????? ????????? ?а????? ???? ???????, ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??а??? ???????? ????. 4. ??????? ??????? ???????????. ????? 2 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ????? ??а?????????????, ?а? ???? ????????????? ????????, ??? ???????, ???а??? ??????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???, ?а???а?????????????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??а????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ??а??? ??????, ??а?????? ????, ?.?. ??а?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????????. ?????? 1092 ??а?? ???????????????, ???а?????????? ?????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?а?????? ????, ???а????????????? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ???? ???????????????, ????? ??а?????????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ??а??????????, ????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????, ??а?? ????? ??? ??а??? ????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а1092 ??а?? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? (?.а1 ??.а1085) ????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????? ????? ?а???????? ??????, ???????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ?а????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?а?????????, ?а??? ????? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????. ? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??.а28 Ф??????????????? ???????╗: Ф? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??????????, ???? ??? 1 ? IATA. The Liability Reporter. February 2007. Vol.а10. P.а7. 180 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???. ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?а????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????╗. ????? ???????, ????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ????, ????????, ????? ????????, ???а???? ???????????? ????, ??????????? ????? ???????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????? (??. Да5 ????????? ?????) ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??а????? ????? ??а??????????? (??.аДа1а??.аIV). ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????. ???????????? ??.а28 ????????? ??а????????? ?а?? ????? ????????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ???????, ??а??????? ????????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??а?? ???? ??????? ?а???? ????????????????. ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????. ???? ???????, ????????, ??????????? ?? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?????????. ??????, ?????????? ???? ????, ??????, ??? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????, ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????????? ??? ?а????????? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ??а??????????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??????????? ???????????? ???? 1995 ?а1996а??., ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??а??????? 15 ???? ??а??? ???????????? ????, ???????? ????? ??а????????? ???????????. ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? 15 ???. ???. ??????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? (??а??) ?????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????????? ???а???????????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ??????? ?а??????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?а????????, ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?а????? ????-???????? ????????????? (????? ???????????? ?????????) ?а???? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? (?.?. ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????? ??????????). ??????????? ?а?????? ??????? (??) ???? ???181 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??а????????????? ???? ?а?????????????? ??а??????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?а???? ?????????? (??. Да5 ?а6 ????????? ?????). ???????? ????? ???????? ??а?? ??????????? ????? ?а???? ????????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?а???? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? (????????? ??????) ??а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. 5. ??????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ????? ?а???????? ??? ????????? ??а?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ???????? ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? 250 ??????? ??????? (???????? 20а????. ???) ??а?????? ????????? ?? ????, ?а? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????,а? ?????? 5 ???. ??????? (400а????. ???). ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?????? 1000 ???1, ?а????????? ????? ??????, ???а???????????????????, ??? ?а?????????????????????, Ф??????? ?????? ???? ?????????╗, ???, ??а???????????? ?????????? ?????????, Ф????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????╗ (?.а2 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? 1999а?.). ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???а?? ?????? ????????????? ??????, ??? ?а?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????. ????????????? ?.а2 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ????? ??????, ??а??????????? ?а??? ????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ???, ??-??????, ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????, ???????? ??????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????, ??? ??????, ????????????? ??а???????? ????? ?а?????? ????????. ??-??????, ???????????? ????????? ???? ?а???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??а?????????????????? ?а?????????????????? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ???? ??????. 1 ? ?а1 ?????? 2010а?. ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? 1,131 ??? ??а?????????. 182 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?а??????????? ??? ????? ?а????? ?а???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?а??????? ????????, ???а??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????1. ????????, ???а???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?? ??????????, ??? ??а??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ????????????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?????????, ??а?а????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а4 ????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ??а?? ????????????? ??а??????????? ???????????????, ???? ?а???????? ????????? ??а?????? ??? ????????? ?а????????? ??????. ??? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????, ????? ??? ???, ???а???????, ?а????????? ??а?????????????, ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??????, ??а????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??а???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????, ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ?????, ????????, ????????, ?а?????? ???, ??? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ????????????? ??а???? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??а????. ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????????????? ???????????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????, ??????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ?а??? ???? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????. ?????? ????????, ???а??? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ??????? ??а????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? 1 ? Statement of J.E. Landry. Air Transport Association of America Before the US Senate Foreign Relations Committeeа/ American Bar Association. Governmental Relations Office, Washington, D.C. 1981. ?. 25. 183 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ????????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??????????. ??????? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????, ??а?а????????? ??????????? ??а?? ?????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??????????. ???????? ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????, ??? ?? ???а?а?? ?????????????????? ?????, ?????????? ?????? 250 ??????? (???????? 20а????. ???) ??а?????? ????????? ?? ????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? 17 ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??а????????? (?.а3 ??.а22)1. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? 70 ???, ?а??????? ??? ??а??? ????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????????2 ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????. ???????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??. ?.а8 ??????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ??а??????????? ?а???? ?????????????? ????????? 1971а?. ?а?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????????. ?а???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? 4150 ???3. ????????, ???а?????????? ????????? (??.а19), ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????????. 1 ? ?а1 ?????? 2010а?. ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ?????????? 19 ??? ??а1 ??. ? ????????? ???????? 1978а?. ?а????????? ????????? 1956а?. ?а???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? (????) ??????? ????? ?а??????? ??????? ??а?????????? ?а???, ?????? 8,33 ??? ??а1 ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????; ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?????????? 17 ??? ??а1 ?? ???????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?????? 1980а?. (?????). 3 ? ?а1 ?????? 2010а?. ?????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? 4694 ???. 2 184 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ???а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????? ??.а22 ????????? ???????????????? ??а?????? ??а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а????????, ??а?а?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ?а?????????, ??а????????? ????????? ??????????, ???а??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?а???????? 250 ???. ??????? ??????? (????? 20 ???.а????. ???). ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????. ????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ???? ???????? ??, ????????, ??а?????????? ??????. ??? ??а????? ?????????? ?а????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??а???????? ????????????? (????????, ??? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? Ф????????╗ ?а????? ?а????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ????????? ??????? ?а????? 90-?? ????? ???????? ????). ??а????????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??? ??а??????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? (??. Да5 ????????? ?????) 6. ????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?а???????????? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??а??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ?а?????? (??.а796 ??а??). ?????, ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а??????, ??????????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?а??????, ?а? ?????? ?? ???????????а? ?а??????? ?????, ??а??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????. ????????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а796 ??а??, ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??а??? ????, ????????? ?а????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ?а??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?а????????а? ?????? ??а????, ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????. ??а?? ????????? ??а?? ?а????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????. ?? ????? ????????, ???а????????? ??????, ????? ?а?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????, ???????????? ?????? ??а????, ????????? ?а????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????, ?а??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????? ???? ??а??????????? ?????, ?????????????? ?а??? 185 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????, ?а??????? ???? ???????? ??????,а? ?а???? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?а???? ????????? ????????? ??????? (?.а2 ??.а119 ??а??). ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?а????????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?а??? ???????, ??? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??а????, ???????????? ???????????? ???? (Recommended Practice 1751). ?????????? Ф?╗ ?а??? (Table of Weights) ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? (????????, ?????? ???????а? 1,87 ??, ???? ???????а? 1,40 ?? ?а?.?.). ?????? ??а???? ??????, ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а????????????, ??????? ??????. ????? ???????, ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??а????, ???а?а?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ??? ???????????? ?а????????? ????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????????????? ?а????????. ? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??а?? (??.а119), ????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????????-???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????????. ?????? ?а??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??а?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? (????) ?а????????? ??? ???? (200 ???.) ??а?????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???? (1000 ???.) ??а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????1, ???а???? ???? ?????????????2. ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ??а??а?? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??? ???? ??а1 ?? ??? ????. 1 ? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??а??????????-???????? ??????????????, ????????????? ?а??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ?а??? ?????? 100 ???. (??.а5 ???????????? ?????? ?? 19.06.2000 ?а82-??? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? 29.04.2002 ?а42-??, ?? 26.11.2002 ?а152-??, ??а01.10.2003 ?а127-??). 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ?а???????? ????????а// ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?.: ?????, 2005. ?.а307. 186 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 04.12.2007 ?а331-?? ??.а119 ??а?? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????? ?а?????? ?а????? ?? 600 ???. ??а1 ??, ?а?? ??? ?????? ????? (????, ??а??????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??? ????)а? ?? 11 ???. ???. ????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??а?????? ?????????? ????????? 1929а?. ?а??????? ??а?????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??а????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????, ?а????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????????, ????????, ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???, ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а???????? 3300а????. ??? ??а??????? ????????? ??а???? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????1 (??? ????? ??? ?а??? ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а????? ??а????????????? ??????). ??????, ?а?????? ???????, ??????????????? ??а?? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?а??а??, ???? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????, ????????????? ??а??. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а793 ??а?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?а???????????????? ??а??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? 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III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ???? ??????. ?????????????, ?а?????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а?.а2 ???? ?? ?????? ??а?? ????? ????????, ???а?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????, ??а???????? ??а?? ???????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????????????? ??.а796 ??а??. ??а?? ???????????? ??а???? ???????????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????, ???а???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??а??, ???????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а793, ?а?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??.а793 ?а796 ??а??, ?а????? ???????, ?а??.а119 ??а? ?а??????, ??????? ?????????? ?? ?а???????????? ???? ?а??????. ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?а???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????, ??а??????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??? ?????????. ??а?? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??а?????, ??????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??а????? ????????? 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(????????). ????????, ???а?а???????? ???? ??.а119 ??а?? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ???а??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????????????? ??а??. ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ?а??.а119 ??а??, ?????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ???????? ?а????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ?????????. ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????????????? ??.а793 ?а796 ??а??. ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????, ????????? ??????????????? ?? Ф????????????╗, ????????????? ???????? ?а??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? ???????????????. ??? ????? ??.а119 ??а?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ????????? ?.а2 ??.а793 ??а?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? Ф???????????? ???????????╗, ?а?? ?????? Ф??????????╗, ????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?а??????? ??а??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (??????) ?а????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ? ???а??, ????????, ??а????? ?????? ??????????? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ??а???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????????????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ????.а2 ?.а2 ??.а175 ??????????? ??????а? ??а??????????? ?????? ?а??? ??????, ????? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????, ???а??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ?????????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а????????? ??????????, ???? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????? ????? VIII ??? ???? ??а??? ?????????, ???а????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????????????????? ??????????╗1. ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?а??а?? ?????????? ??а???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?а????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ??????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а?????????, ????????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ?а??? ??а?????? ??????, ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а? ?????? ????, ???а??? ?? ????????????????? ????????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?а??????? ????? ??????? ????????, ?а??? ?????????????а? ?????????? ?а????????? (?.а2(4) ?а?.а3 ??.а106 ??а??), ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?.а99 ????? ?????? ????????? (??. ?.а4 Да5а??. II). ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ??а???????? ??а???? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????????????, ????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????. ?а???? ?????? ?????????, ???????????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????. ? ????? ?а???? ????????? ??????: ????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??а??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ??1 ? ??????????? ?а???а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ???????. ?.: ?????, 2001. ?.а316?317. 192 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?а????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??а?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????????. ???????? ??а?? ?? 29.05.2008 ?а????08-1212 ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????????? ?.а99 ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ??????????╗. ?а???? ???? ????? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????, ??а??? ??? ??????, ???а????????? ??а??. ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?а261/20041 ???????????? ?а?????????? ??????????. ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????, ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ???????????. ??а?????? ????, ????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ????? ?а???? ?а?????????? ????????. ?????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????????? ?а???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???2. ????????, ???а???????????? ??а????? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??а??3, ?? ??????????? Ф????????╗ ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???? ??????????????????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??а????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????? ??а????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а???????????. ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????, ?????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????, ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ??а???? ??????????? (??. Да5 ????????? ?????). ?а????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??а?????? ???? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??а?????? ????? ????????????? ???????. ?????? 795 ??а?? ???????????????, ???а??а???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ?????????, ??? ??а????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????а99 ??????????? ??????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ????????????????╗, ???????????? ???????? ?????????а?? ?? 28.06.2007 ?а82╗. 1 ? Official Journal Lа44/1, 17/02/2004. 2 ? Judgment of the Court of Justice in Case C-344/04, 10 January 2006. 3 ? ???, ????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?а??????, ???а??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??а????????? ?а???????? ?а???? ?а??? ???? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????. 194 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????, ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????. ??????? 120 ??а?? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? 25% ???? ??а?????? ??? ????????? ????????; ?????? ?????? ????????? 50% ????????? ?????. ????? ???????, ???????? ??.а5 ???????????? ?????? ?? 19.06.2000 ?а82-?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? 25 ???. ??а?????? ??? ????????, ???а???????? ???????????? ??????????1. ? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ??.а120 ??а?? ????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ?????????2, ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? (??.а400 ??а??). ?а???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ?а??? ????????? ??? ?а?????????? ????? ??а????????? ??.а15 ??????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗. ????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????, ?????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??? ?? ??????. ???????, ????? ??????????? ?а?.?. ????????? ?а???, ???а???? ?????? ?а??.а120 ??а?? ???????? ????????3. ???????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?а? ??.а795 ??а??. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????????????, ????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?.а1 ??.а394 ??а?? ?а??????????? ??????? ?а?????????, ???????? ????????, ???? ???? ?????????? ??а????????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?а?????, ??а???????? ??????????. ??????????????, ???а???????????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ???, ?.а3 ??.а110 ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? (???)а?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ???а???????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??а????????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ????????, ??.а108 ?а97 ???, ????????????????? ???????? ??????? ??а???????1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ?а???????? ????????а// ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?.: ?????, 2005. ?.а307. 2 ? ??.: ??????????? ?????: ???????. ?. 2а/ ??? ???. ?. ?. ???????? ?а?. ?. ????????. ?., 2003. ?.а463; ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а475. 3 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а119. 195 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ?а??????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????. ??? ????????, ???а????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???? ??.а394 ??а??. ?.?. ????? ??а????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???а????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ?а?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????╗1. ???? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???? ?а???? ?????????????? ?????????, ??а?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????, ???а?????? ?а?????, ??а???????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ??? ???а??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???а??? ???? ???????, ????????, ?а??.а152 ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? 1969а?. ????? ????????а??, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????, ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????. ????????, ???? ????????? ????????? ??а???? ???????????, ??а??а?????? ??а????? ???? ?? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??а?????? ??????????????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ?????, ??а?, ????????, ??а??????, ????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?а?????? ?????? 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(??.а15 ?а393 ??а??). ????? ???????, ??????????????? ??.а120 ??а?? ????? ??а????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ?а???????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а?????????. 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ?????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?., 1998. ?.а222. 196 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????. ???????, ????????????? ??.а120 ??а??, ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????????, ?а?????? ??????????, ?а????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??а????????? ?.а1 ??.а28 ?а??.а15 ?????? ?а?????? ???? ????????????1. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????? ??.а120 ??а??. ????????? ???????????? ??.а120 ??а?? ?а??.а795 ??а?? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ????????, ???а??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????, ??а???????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???а??????????????? ???????? ???????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????, ?а??????? ?.а3 ??.а401 ??а??, ?.а4 ??.а13 ?а?.а6 ??.а28 ??????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗. ????? ????????? ??????????? ??а????????, ?????????? ???? (Да5 ????????? ?????), ?а??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????????????????. ????????, ???а??а?? ??а????????? ??????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????. ?а????? ?а???? ?.?. ?????????? ?????? ????? ?а???, ???аФ?????????? ??а????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ??, ?а???????, ??????????????? ??.а120 ??╗2. ????? ???????, ???????????? ???????, ????????????? ??а?? ?а????????? ????????? ?а????????, ????????? ?а??????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????????. ??????, ????????, ?а???? ??.а6 ??а??, ?????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????, ?????????? ?????????, ???а??????????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????????????????. ???? ???? ?а?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????? (??.а393 ??а??). ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???а?а????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?а?а????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ????? ????, ?а???? ?.а5 ??.а28 ??????а?? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗ ??а????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? 3% ???? ?????? ??а?????? ??? ?????????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?.а1 ??.а28 ?????? ?????1 ? ????????? ??а??. 1999. ?а5; ????????? ?????????: ??????????? ????. ??????????? ?а????????????. ???????? ????????. ??????? ??????????а/ ???.-????. ?.?.а???????. ?., 2001. ?.а282?283. 2 ? ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а335. 197 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ??а?????????? ????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ?а????? ?а?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? (?.а15.2.3 ?а29.2.2). ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????. ??????? ???? ??а?? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???? ??а?????. ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?а????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??а????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????? 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Да2 ????????? ?????). ?????? ??а???????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????. ?????????, ??????????? ?а????, ????????? ???? ????? ???а?? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ?????????, ??? ?а?? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ???????. ??????????? ?а??????? 250 ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????, ???? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? 1500 ??. ??????????? 1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ????? ???????? ???????? ??а??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????а// ????? ?а?????????. 2007. ?а1. 198 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? 400 ?а600 ???? ?????????????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?а?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? 1500 ?а3500 ??. ??????????? ??а??????? ?? ????????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ??а??????? ??????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ?????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????. ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а??? ???????????? ????????, ???а????? Ф???????????╗ ??а????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????а? ????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?а?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????, ??????, ???а?????????? ????????, ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?а????. ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ????????? ??? ??????-???? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??????????????? ????????? ???????, ???? ?а?????????? Ф????????????╗, ??а????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????, ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ??а?а???? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? (???????, ????????? ?а?.?.). ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?а?????????, ??а????????? ?а??????? ?а??????? ??а???? ?а????? ?а?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??а?????????????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?а??????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????, ???а?а??? ?????? ????? ?а?????? ?а?????199 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??. ??? ???????, ???а?а?????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??а??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ???а?а??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????????1. ????? ??? ??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??а?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ?а??? ????? ?а??? ???????? ?????????. ??, ???а?а??? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ??? ?а????????? ??????? ??а????? ?а?????????, ?а??????? ??а????, ?????? ?????, ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ???????????, ??а??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а????????????? (??. Да2 ????????? ?????). ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?а?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????, ??а????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ?а???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?а261/2004, ??а??? ??????, ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??????? ??????????????? ????????? Ф???????????╗ ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????? ??а???? ?а????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а??????? ????? ????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ????????, ??????????????? ????????? Ф???????????╗. ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ???????????, ???а???????, ??? ?а????? ?а????????? ?а?????????, ?а?????????????, ??? ??а????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?а???????? ?а??????? Ф???????????╗ ??а?????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ??-?? ???????? ?а?????? ??????. ??? ??????????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ????????, ???а??.а26 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а23 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ????????, ???а???????? ??????? Ф???1 ? Balfour John. Airline Liability for Delays: The Court of Justice of the EU Rewrites EC Regulation 261/2004а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XX?V. Number 1. 2010. 200 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????╗ ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????????, ?а?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ? ??? ?а??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? Ф???????????╗ ??а????? ?????????? ??а???? ????????? ?а????????? ??а??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ????? Ф???????????╗ ???????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ??а?? ????? ????????? 800а????. ???. ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????, ????????????? ?а??? ???????? ??????????. ?а????????? ??????? (???????? ??? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????????? ??????????) ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?а???????? ??????? ??????? ??а??????????????? ?????? ?????-???? ???????????, ??а???? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??а?????????? ??????, ????????? ?а??????????????? ??????? ??? ????????, ???????, ???????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? (??., ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а??.)1. ????? ??????????????? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??а?? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??а????? ?????????????. ????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???? ??? ??а?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????, ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а???????? ?????????. 7. ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????? ??а???????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????????, ????????? ??а65,5а???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????. ???????? ?.а4 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????. ?а??? ???????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????? ????1 ?а?ontinental Airlines Contract of Carriage: http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/ content/co_contract_of_carriage.071410CoC.pdf; United Airlines Contract of Carriage http:// content.united. com/ual/asset/ COC31Dec10.pdf 201 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? 1944а?. ?а?????? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ?а?????????, ????? ???????? 125 ???., 250а???., 250 ?а5а???. ??????? ???????? ?????????????? 10 ???., 20а???., 20 ?а400а????. ???. ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?а????????? 724 ????, ?а??????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? (??????????), ?а???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?а?а????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ???а????????????? ??????. ? ????? 60-? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? (???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????), ?????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ?а???, ???а??а???????? ???? ??а?????? ??а????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????. ?а????? ???? ????? (??????, ??????, ??????, ?????????, ??????, ????????? ?а??.) ????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????, ??????????? ??а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а?????????, ???????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????. ???, ????????, ??а?????? ????, ?????????? ??а?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а1996а?., ?????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ?а250 ???. ??????? ??????? (17 ???. ???, ??? 20 ???.а????. ???) ?а????????? ?а?????? ?а????????? ??а????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? 180 ???.а????. ???1. ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??а???? Franklin Mint Corp. v. TWA (1982), ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????-???? ???? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ???? ??а??????, ?????????? ??а??????????? ???????????????? ???, ????????? ????? Ф????? ??????1 ? ICAO Doc. AT-WP/1769, 4/1/96. 202 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??а?????? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????╗. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ???????????????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ???, ??????? ?а1983а?. ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????1. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????, ???????????? ??а?????? ??????. ?а????????? ??????? ??а???? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???, ?аДа23 ?????? ????????? Ф?а???????? ????????? ???????????????╗ ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а???, ?а? Да24 ????? ?????? ???????????, ???а?а?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????, ????????? ?а???, ??????????? ?а??????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?а??????????? ?????, ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ???. ? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?а???. ???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а????????? ???? ??а??????. ??????????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?., ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???, ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????, ???????????????? ??????? ??а???? ??????????? ???????????? ???. ????? ????????????? ????????????, ??????? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ?а???????????? ??????, ????????? ?.а4 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?а1 ?а?а2, ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а???. ?а?????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?. ?а3 ?а?????????? ?а100 ???. ???, ????????????? 1500 ???. ??????? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? 1971а?. ?????????????, 125 ???. ??????? ???????, ?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ???1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а3. 203 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????????? 8444а???, ???а???????? ??????????????? 10 ???.а????. ???. ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???????. ????????, ???а?????????? ???????-??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ???а?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а??? ?????? ?а???????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??а?????????, ??????????? ?а????????????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ????????? ???а?? ?а?????????????? ?????? ?? 16.02.1998 ?а29 Ф????? ???????-??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???╗ ?а????? ????????????? ??а??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??а?.а5 ??.аXI ????????? ????????? 1955а?., ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?а???????????? ??????, ??а??????? ???????? ??????????, ?а?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????? ???а?? ?????????????, ???, ?????????? ???, ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?а????????????а???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??а1 ???????? ?????, ????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?а?? ??? ?????????? ?а???????????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ??а?????? ???а??, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? 250 ??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????? ??а????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????, ??а????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????а? ??????????? ????? ????????????? (???)1. ????, ???????, ??? (SDR-special drawing rights) ??? ??? (??????????? ????? ?????????????)а? ??? ??а??????????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?а??? ??????, ??????? ?а??? ??????????? ?????????????-???????????: ?????? ?а????????? 1 ? ??.: ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???а?? ?? 16.02.1998 ?а29 Ф????? ???????-??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???╗а// ??????? ???а??. 1998. ?а4; ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???а??. 2003. ?а11 (?.а2). 204 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?а???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, ??а?? ?а???? ??????, ???а?????????????? ?а????????????? ?????1. ??? ??а????? ??а??а???? ???????, ?а?????????, ???????? ???????? ????? ??а????? ????????. ?а???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?а???? ??????????, ???????????? ?а?????????????? ?????? ???а??. ??????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???? ????, ???а?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??а??????????? ????? ??а???????? ???????????????, ???????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??? ?а??????????? ????????, ?????? ?????. ? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?????????????а? ??? ??? ???, ???а??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ?а??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??а???? ????????? ??????? (?.а1 ??.а23 ?????????). ?а25 ??? 1999а?. ??????????? ???? ?????? ??а?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?а????? (?????? ??а?? ?? 24.05.1999 ?а??-191). ?????? 23 ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????????, ????????? ?а???, ?а???????????? ??????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а?????????, ??а????????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?а????????? ?? ?а???????????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ??????????. ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а???????, ?а? ??????а? ??а??????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??????. ?а????? ?а???? ?.а3 ??.а23 ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? Ф????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????╗, ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???. 1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????а// ??????? ???а??. 1997. ?а7. 205 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? 8. ?????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????????? (?.а4 ??.а22) ?а????????? ?????, ?а???????? ???????? (??.а?I) ????? ?а?а????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????, ???а??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ????? (?????? ??? ?????) ??? ??????, ????????????? ?а??? ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ?а???? ?а?? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??а??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ? ???? China Airlines Ltd v. Phillips Hong Kong Ltd, ????????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? (Singapore Court of Appeal) ?а2002а?., ????? ????????????????? ?а????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а???????. ???? ??? ???????? ??а????? ???????, ?а?а????????????? ?????????, ???а?а????????? ???????? 1 ??????? ????? ????? ????? 154 ??. ??? ???? ????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??а??, ???а????????? ???? ????????? ?а?????? ???????. ??а???????? ?а??????? ?????? ??????? ?а??????????? ????? 60 ?? ???? ???????. ??а?????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??а?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????, ????? ???, ??а?????? ????????????????,а? ?а??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (?.?. ?????? ?????), ??а?? ???????, ??? ????????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?а?????? ???????????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? (154 ??), ?а?? ????????? ??????? (60 ??). ?а??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??а??, ???а?а????????????? ?????????, ???а?а????????? ???????? 1 ??????? ?????. ???????? ??.а11 ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????-????????????? ????????? ?а????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? 22 (b) ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???а??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ??? ????, ??а?? ??? ???????? ?а???? (?а???) ?????????. ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ????, ??а?? ?????? ?????1. 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?.?. ??????????????????? ??????: ???????????-???????? ?а???????????? ?????????????. ?.: ??????? ??????, 2008. ?.а290. 206 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? Ф??????? ?????╗ ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????, ?а?????????, ?а???????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а?а??????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??а????? ?а???????? ???????? ??? ??????????. ?????? ??а?????? ?????? ????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????1. ?а????? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????: ??? ????????? ??а???, ????? ?а????????????? ?????????, ???а?а????????? ???????? ????, ?а?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????, ??а??????? ???? ???????? ??а????????. ??а???? ??? ??? ???????????, ???????? ?????????? ??а????????? ?????????, ??а???????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??а?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ???????? ?.а3 ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? 17а??? ??а1а?? ???????????? ?????. ?????????? ?????????а? ?а????? ???? 60а??. ?????? ??а????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? (???????????) ?.а4 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а?I ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ????????? Ф?????╗ ??? Ф??????? ?????╗. ???? ?? ?????????? ?а??.а8 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а7 ?????????? ?????????, ??а?????? ??? ????? ???????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, Ф???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????╗, ?а??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ??а???????? ???? ????? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??????????????, ???а?а??????? ?.а4 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а?I ????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????????????? ?а????? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ??????????. ???? ??????????? ?а?? ?????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?а???, ???а???? ??????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ????? (?????? ??? ?????) ??? ??????, ??1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ????????????, 1984. ?.а207. 207 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ?а???? ?а?? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??а??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????, ??а????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ??а???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????, ???а?? ???????? Ф??????╗ ?а?????? ?????????. ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????? ??а????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????????, ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????, ???????, ??? ???, ??????? ?????????? ?а??????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ???? ?????????????????? ????? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? 26 ???????????? ????????? ?а???? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??.а23 ?????????? ?????????. (??????, ?.а2 ??.а23 ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? 1955а?., ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ??? ???????. ?????? ??.а26 ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??а????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ???а?а???? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а?.а2 ??.а18 ???? ?????????.) ??-????? ???????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ?? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????????? ??? ????????, ???а?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?а????, ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ?? ?????????????, ??а??? ??????????????? ??????????? ??.а22 ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ??????????????. ??????? ?а???? ???. 208 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??а??? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?а????????? ????? ?а??? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?а??????????? ????????????. ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? Ф?????????????╗ ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??а????? ?????????????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????, ?????????, ????? ???????, ?????????? ??а???? ?????, ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??а?????, ??? ??????? ????? ??а?????. ??а???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????????, ???????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? (??. Да3а??.а1). ?????? 25 ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ??, ???????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???а??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???????????. ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?а???????????????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????? ?а??????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?а?????, ??а??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????????, ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?а????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?а? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????. ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? (?.а2 ??.а22 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ?а3 ??.а22 ???209 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????). ?а????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????, ??? ???????, ???????????, ??а?????????. ????????? ?????????? ????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????, ??а?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? (?????????) ??а?????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ????? (??????). ??????, ???????????? ???????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а??????, ??а?а?? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????. ?????????????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? (?????????) Ф??????????????╗ ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а????????? ????? (??????) ?а??????? ??а??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????. ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?а????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ?????????? (?????). ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? (?????????? Ф?╗ ?а?????) ???????????????? ????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??????. ?а???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? (??.а34). ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?а?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?а????????. ?а???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??а?????? ??а????????????? ?????, ??а?а?? ????????? ??? ????????, ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? (??.а35). ?????? 796 ??а?? ???????????????, ???а?а?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ???????? ?а????????? ?а??????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ??а?? ????? 1964а?., ??? ??? ?????????? ?а????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ?????????????? ??а??? ???? ??????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ??????????????, ??????????? ?а???? ?????? ????????, ?а???? ????? ?а?.а???????? 210 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??.а25 ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????а??, ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????????, ??а???а???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????. Ф????????,а? ????? ?????,а? ??????????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ?а????? ?????? (? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ?а??? ???????) ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????????? ???? ??????╗1. ?.?. ?????????, ??????????? ??.а796 ??а??, ?????, ???а???????? ?а????????????????, ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??а???????????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????2. ???????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?а????? ??.а796 ??а??, ??а??????????? ?????-???? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ??а?? ??а???????? ?????? ???????? ??а??????, ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а??????????? ????????? ???????? ??а????????? ?а??????????????. ????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????????? ??а????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??а???? ?????? (???????? ?.а168 ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????, ??а????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?а??? ???????). ?а???? ????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? (?? ?????, ?? ????, ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? 1969а?. (??.а138), ??????? ????????? ?????????) ????????????? ???????, ???????? ????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??а??? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ??а???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ????????????????, ?????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????, ???????????????. ?????????? ?а???????? ??а????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????, ?а??? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, 1 ? ??????? ?. ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????а// ?????. 2000. ?а9. ?. 54. ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ???????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?. 511. 2 211 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? (?? ???????, ????????????? ?а??.). ???? ????????? ???????? ??????, ??а???????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???????????????? ???????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ???, ???а????????, ????????? ????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????????? (?????????) ????????? ????????? (?.а2 ??.а947 ??а??). ?????????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? (??????????????) ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??.а180 ??а?? Ф??????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????╗. ??? ??а????? ?.?. ????????? ???????, ???аФ??????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????????. ?а????????? ?????? ?????????, ??а???а???????????? ?????????????? ?????. ????????, ????? ?????, ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????╗.1 ?????? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ??????, ???а????????????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????! ????????????: ??а??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????, ??а??????? ???. ?.?. ????????? ???????, ???а?????????????? ?а????????? ??а?????? Ф?????????╗ ???????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??????, ???а??? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???а??????????????? ??????. ??а??????? ??????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???а?? ?а?????????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????. ?а??? ???????, ???а??? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? (?.а6 ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?а?.а15 ?????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????) ??????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ?????, ???а??????????????? ?????? (??.а10 ??а??)2. 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ???????? ?а?.?. ????????. ?. 512. ? ??. ?.а38 ????????????? ??????? ???а?? ?? 06.10.2005 ?а30 Ф?а????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? Ф????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????╗. 2 212 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??а?а????? ?????? ?????-???? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ?? ??????????? ?а????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????, ??????, ??а??? ??????, ????????????????? ???а??????????????? ?????????? (??.а1102 ??а??). ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ??? ?? ???а?а??? ?????, ?а???? ????? ?а???? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ???а??????????? ????????? ??а??. ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?а????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?а????????? ?а?????????? ??а?????????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?а??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?????, ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????. ?????????, ????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ???????? 17 ??? ??а1 ??., ??????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а???????? ????? Ф??????????╗ ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????. ??? ??????????, ??? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????, ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????????, ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ?????, ????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ????????? ?а???, ???а???? ????? ??а??????? ??а1 ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???????. ????? ???а??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??а??, ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ?????????????, ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???а????? ????? ???а??? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ?а??? ?????????? ??а???????213 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а?? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а??????. ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ?а?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ??????. ???, ??? ????????? ???????? (??????) ???????????? ????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ?????? (????????????? ?????????). ??а????????????? ???? ?????????, ???а??????? ????????? ????????? (?????) ?????????? ?а??????????? ????? ?а?? ???????? ?????-???? ???????? ?а??????. ????? ?????????, ???а??а???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??а??? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а?? ???? ??????????? ??? ????????????. ?????????? ?а???? ?????? ???????? ??а?.а5 ??.а3 ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ???, ?????? ??а?????????? ??????? ????????, ???????????? ?а??.а27 ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????а??а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????-???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ?а??????, ???а??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??а???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ??.а25 ?????????, ??????????? ????? ???????????. ?? ??????????, ???а?а???? ?.а5 ??.а3 ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?????? ?а???? ???????, ???????????? ?а????????1. ???? ???, ??а?????? ??????, ?????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?а???? ????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??а????? ????????????, ?а???????????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????????а? ?????????????. ??а????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????? ??а??.а22 ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а????????. ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????, ???? ??? ??????????, ?.?. ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??а???? ??????????????? ??а???? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????. 1 ? The Liability Reporter. February 2007. Vol.а10. ?. 4?5. 214 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?а??????????? ?????????????????? ?а??? ????????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????????, ?????? ??? ??а?????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????????????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????????. ?а??????, ???????? ????????????????, ??????????, ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????? ???????????????. ????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ?а?????????? ??????????. ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??а???? ??а?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?. ?а4, ????????? ???????? ??? ?.а2 ??.а24 ??????? ??????????????? ??а???? ??а????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????????. ?? ????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????, ????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??а??????????? ???????????????, ?.?. ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ????????? (??.а25) ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??а?? ?????????, ?????????????? ??? ???????????????, Ф????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????, ?а??????? ?????? ???, ??????????????? ???а???????????? ??????╗. ????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ??а?????? ????????? ????? ??а?????. ????? ????? ?????????????? ?а???????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ?????? ?а????, ???????????? ??????, ??????? ?а?????? ??????, ?а???? ??????? ??????????????? ???. ????????, ???а?а????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????? (?????? ????) ???????????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??.а25 ?????????? ?????????, ?а???????? ????????? ?????????, ?а?а???????? ???????????? ??? ???????215 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ?.а5 ??.а22 ???????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ??а???????? ??????? ?а?????? ????, ?а??????????? ??????? Ф????, ???????????? ??????╗ ?а????? ????? ??????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????-????????????? ?????1. ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ?а??????? ?а????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?а? ????????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????????, ??а??? ????, ????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??а??????????, ?????????? ????????, ???а??? ??????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ????????????. ?? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????? ???? ??а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ?????????? ???а??????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ???? ?????? (??.а53 ??а??), ????? ????? ??????????, ?а????, ???а???????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???, ??????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????. ????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??а??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ??а???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????. ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ?а????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?а???? ??????????????? ?????????????, ???, ????????, ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?а???????? ???????????????, ???????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?????. ?????????? ??? ??а????????? ??.а25 ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????, ??????????? ?? ?????????2. ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??а????, ???а?????, ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ??а???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??.а25 ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ??1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а183; Guldiman W. Internationales Lufttransportrecht: Kommentar. Zurich, 1965. P.а147. 2 ? ??.: ????????? ?. ???????: ????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????. ?., 1993. ?.а332. 216 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??а????? ??????????????? ???а??????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ????????????1. ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ?а??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? (???) ??а?????? ????????????? ??а???? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????-747, ??????? 1 ???????? 1983а?. ??????? ?а????????? ???????????? ???? ?а?а??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????2. ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??.а25 ?????????? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? (???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а????? ?а???????? ??????????). ???????????, ??а??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????????? ??.а25 ???? ?????????, ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????, ????????????? ??а?????? ????????????? ??????. ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? 1975а?. ?а4, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??а???????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?а?? ????????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?. ?а4, ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ???????? ????????????? ?а?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????????. ?? ?.а5 ??.а24 ???????????? ????????? ????????, ???а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ???????? ??????????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????. ????? ???????, ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ?а???????????? ?а???????, ???? ????????, ???а?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? 1 ? ????????? ?. ???????: ????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????. ?., 1993. ?.а119. 2 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. Kluwer Law International BV. The Netherlands. 2010. P.а120. 217 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ??а?????? ??????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? (??., ????????, ??.а172 ???а?? ??? ?.а1 ??.а44 ?????? ?????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??а???????? ?????? (???), ?????????? ??????????? Ф?╗ ?а????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?????? (?????), ?а??.). ????????? ????????? ?????? ?.?. ??????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????, ????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?????????1. ??????, ???а?? ?????????????, ??? ?????? ?а??????? ????????????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ?а????? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? (??.а18), ?а? ??????а? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????: ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????, ????????? ?? ????????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????, ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?а????? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ??а????????????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????. ??? ???????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а????. ?а??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????, ?а???????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?а????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?а??? ????????, ??а??????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??а????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????, ???а?????????, ???????????? ???? ????? ??а?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ??????, ??а????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????. 1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ????????????, 1984. ?.а216. 218 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ????????. ?? ??????? ????????, ???а??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????? ??а???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а???? ??????? ?а?????? ???????? ????. ??а????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???? ?а?????. ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ????, ????? ?? ????????????? ?а?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????????: ???????? ???????? ?а1929а?. ?????? ??????????????? ??а????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????????. ???-???? ????????????????, ???а???????, ???????????? ???????????, ??а????? ?????? ??????? ?а????????, ???а????????. ?а?? ?? ????? ?а???????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ???????? ??? ????????, ?????????????????? ?а????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????1. ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????. ??????, ???? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????, ??? ?????? ??а??????? ?? ?а????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а?????????????, ??????? ??а?????????, ?а??? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ????????, ???а???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??а??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?? ?????, ????????? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ??а????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????. ??а???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? 1 ? Koning Ingrid. Liability in Air Carriage. Carriage of Cargo Under the Warsaw and Montreal Conventionsа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXIII. 2008. ?а4?5. P.а325?333. 219 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ????, ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????? 1971а?., ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ????????? 1975а?. ?а4, ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????, ?а?????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??, ?а???????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????? ????????. ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??, ??????? ??? ?а1997а?. Ф????????????╗ ?а??????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ?а??????? ?????? ???????? ??а?? ???????????? ????????????? ?а????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??а????, ??а?а?? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????????! ??? ??? ?????????? (??. ?.а5 ?????????), ??а?? (??.а119) ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ?а????? ???????? ?а??????? 2 ???? (??????а? 600 ???.) ??а1 ??, ?а?????? ????? (?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????)а? 11а???. ???. ??а?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?а??а?? ??????????? ?????-???? ???????? ?а????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ??????, ???а?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????, ?а????? ???????а? ??? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?а?? ???? 1983а?., ???????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????, ??????????????, ???а??? ??а????? ????????? ????????, ??????????????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?а?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ??а????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????????, ??а??? ?? ?а???? ????????? ????? ??.а100 ?? ???? ??а???????????, ???? ???? ?? ????????, ???а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????? ???????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????, ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ??а???? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?а????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а4 ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????, ?а??? ????????????. 220 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? (?.а5 ??.а3 ?а??.а9) ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ????? ??а?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ??????????. ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????? ??а????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????, ?а????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ???????? (??.а?I) ?а???????????? ????????? (?.а6 ??.а22) ???? ????????????? ????? ??а???? ??????: ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а???????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????? ??а????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ????????. ??????, ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???а???????????, ??? ?а??????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. ?а???????????? ?а??? ????????????? ????????? ??а???????????, ???? ?????, ???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????, ????????? ?а???????? ????????????????, ??а????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ????? ??????? ??а??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ????? ?а????, ???а???? ??? ??а???????????? ?? ??????????? ??а????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??а????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??а???. ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???а????????????? ????????, ??а????????? ?????????? ??а???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????, ????? ????????????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????, ?а?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????????. ? ???????? ??????????, ??????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ????? ????? ???????, ???, ??-??????, ?????????? ?а???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ??а?????? ???????? ????????????. ??-??????, ????? ??а????????????? ?а???????????? ???? ?а????????? ??????, ???а??а????????? ??????? ?а????????????? ????221 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????. ?а????? ?а???? ????? ???????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???а???? ?.а6 ??.а22 ???????????? ?????????а? ???????? ???????????, ???? ??а?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????1. ?а????? ???????? ?????? ???????????. ???????а? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ?а??? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????????, ??а???????? ?а????????? ???????????????, ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????????, ?а?????? ?????????? ??а????????? 100 ???. ???. ???? ???? ?????????????? ????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????????. ? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???а??а???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?а??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ????, ??????????? 100 ???. ???, ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??а???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??а????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ?????????? (??.а24) ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ????????, ???а????????? ?а??????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ?а?????, ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?а????????? ?????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????? ??????????, ???а????????? ??.а24 ????????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? (100а???. ???) ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ??.а21 ????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? (100 ???. ???) ??а???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????????? ???? ????????? Ф?????╗ ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а????? ???1 ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. ?. 19. 222 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????, ?а????????? ?????? ?а?????. ?????? ?????, ???а??? ????? ??.а23 ?а24, ?а????? ?.а6 ??.а22 ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??а???? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?а???????? ?а1998а?. ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??а???????????? ?а???????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗1 ?а????? ??????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ??а157-? ?????? ?????? ????2. ???????? ??.а24 ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????? (??????) ???????????????, ????????????? ?а??.а21?23, ???????????????? ?? ???????????? (????) ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??а?????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????а? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?а????????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???. ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ???????? ???????? 10%, ??а???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???????? ???????????????. ????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????3. ?????? ?а2009а?. ??????? ???????? ?????? 10,31%, ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??а????. ? 1 ?????? 2010а?. ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ???????? 19 ??? ??а1 ??, ??а???? ????? ?????????а? 1131 ??? ??а?????????, 4694 ??? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 113 100 ???. ???? ?? ?а??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????-?????????? ??????? ?а????? ??????????, ????????? ??а????1 ? ICAO Doc. SGMW/1. ?. 18. ? ICAO Doc. C-WP/11155 11/6/99. ?.3. 3 ? Koning Ingrid. Liability in Air Carriage. Carriage of Cargo Under the Warsaw and Montreal Conventionsа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXIII. 2008. ?а4?5. P.а325. 2 223 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?а???? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??????????а? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?????????. ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?а????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??а???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????-?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? 30% ??а?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????, ???? ????????? ??? ??а??????????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???, ??????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??????????, ?????? ????? ???, ????????? ??а????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??а???????? ??????? ??а???? ????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????????а? ?????????? ?????????. ?а?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?а????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??а???????? ??????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????, ?а???????? ?а???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????????? 1944а?. (????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??а???????.) ?а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??а???????? ?а?а???? ???????? ????????????, ??????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????????-???????????? ?????????. ??? ?? ????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?а????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а?????, ??а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ?а????????? ????????? 1944а?.1 9. ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????, ?а?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ?а?????????? (???? ????? 1 ? ??. ??а????: ????? ?.?. ?????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????а// ????????? ????????? ?????а/ ??? ???. ???. ?.?. ??????????. ?., 1990. 224 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?а????????, ????????????? ??????, ???????? ??? ?????????). ??а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а?????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????. ?а??????? ????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??а??????, ????????? ????????????????, ???а???????, ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??а????????. ????? ????????? ????????????????, ???????? ??а???????? ??????????? ??????????????1, ???????? ??а????????, ???а??????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ????, ?а?а????? ???? ??а??????????????? ??? ??????????. ? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????а?? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????????, ??а?????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????. ?а??? ?????? ????? ????????? ??.а151 ?аДа4а??.а59 ??а??, ????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗, ??????? ?а??????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?а????????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ???а???????, ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а???? ???????. ??????????????? ???????????? ??а???? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???????? ????? Ф??????╗ ??а????????? ?а?? ???????????????? ??а?????????? ??????. ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????, ??????? ???????? ??.а7 ??а?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????, ???????? ??????????????. ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????? ???????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ??????? ?а???? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????. 1 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а50?51; ??????? ?.?. ??а???????? ?а?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????а// ????????????. 1975. ?а5; ??????? ?.?. ????????????? ??а?????????? ????? (??????????? ????? ?а?????? ?? ????)а// ???????? ????????????????? ?????. 1939. ?а1. 225 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??а?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??.а29 ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??а??????????????? ????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ??а????????. (???а????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????????.) ???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? Ф??????????? ????╗, ?а?????? ??????????? ?а???, ?????? ?? ?а??? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??а????, ???а??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????????, ??а?а??????? ?????1. ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?а????????? ?????????-???????? ?????????2. ??а??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????, ????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??а?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 20.12.1994 ?а10 ????????? ????, ?а?????????, ????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ?а????? ?а??????? ?????????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ??????, ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?а??????????? ????????, ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?а????? ?а????????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а??. ?????? ?а????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ?? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??а??????? ???? ??????????????3. ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????. ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??.а151 ??а??. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а5. ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а34. 3 ? ??. ?.а1 ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 20.12.1994 ?а10 Ф????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????╗. 2 226 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ???????1. ??а??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ???? ??а????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????? ???а?????? ?а????????????? ????????????????, ??? ?а?????????????? (?.а3 ??.а1099 ??а??). ????????, ???а??а??????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???, ????????? ?? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????????. ????? ???????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??а?? ????? ??????????? ?а?а?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ???а?а???? ??.а24 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ????? ???????????. ????? ??а??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??????????????? ????? ???????????. ?????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??а????????. ????????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? Ф?????? ??? ????????? ???????????╗ ?????????, ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????. ???????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????, ?????????? Ф????????????╗ ????????????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ?а????????? Ф????????? ?????╗ ?аФ???????? ???????????╗ ????????? ?????? ???????? ?аДа2 ????????? ????? ????? ???????, ????????? ????, ??а????????? ?а??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????? ?а?????????, ?????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ????????? ??а????????. ??а?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ??а??????????? ?а???????1 ? ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ??.?1099. 227 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??? ?????????? ?а????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??? ??????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?а????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????????? ??.а29 ???????????? ?а??.а24 ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??а????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ?????????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ?а???? ??.а17 ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ?????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ???????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ?а???????????????, ???????? ????????????? ??????, ????????? ??а??????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??а??????????? ?????????????? ?????, ??а?????? ????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 20.12.1994 ?а10, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ???аФ????????? ????, ????????? ?а????? ?а??????? ???????? ???????? (???????, ????, ???? ?а?.?.), ????? ???? ????????????? ?а????, ??? ??а????? ?а????? ?а??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????, ?.?. ??а????????? ??а??? ????????? ?а?? ???? ????? ??а????????? ?? ???? ??????????╗1. ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??а????????? ?????????? ?????????????????. ???????? 2а??.а59 ??а?? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?а????????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????. ?? ?????????? Да4а??.а59 ??а?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?а????? ???, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??а?????? ?????????, ??? ?? ???, ???????, ?а?? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?а??????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????, ????????, ?????1 ? ???????? ?.?. ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????а// ??????????? ????? ??????. ????????????????? ?????: ???? ??????. ?., 2004. ?.а824. 228 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?а?? ??????. ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????, ??????? ?а???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??а?.а2 ??.а1101 ??а??. ?а??? ?????????????????, ???а?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?а????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?а???????, ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????. ???????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?????????????, ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????, ?а?????????????? ???????????? ????????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??.а29 ???????????? ?а??.а24 ?????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????????????? ?????????1. ?а?????????, ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????? ?а????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ??а????????? 3000?4000а????. ??? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????, ????????? 10а000а????. ???. ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ???????? ?-310 ??? ?????????????? ?а1994а?. ?.?. ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????????? ?а???, ???а???????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ?? ?. ?????????? 720 ????, ?.?. 72а000а???.2 1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ?а????????? ?????а// ??????????? ?а?????. 1993. ?а3. ?. 33; ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????а// ??????????? ????????. 2002. ?а6; ??????????? ?.?. ????????? ???? ?а??????????? ??а?????????. ?., 1997. ?.а40?56; ?? ??. ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ???????????. ?., 2000 ?а??. 2 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????а// ??????????? ????????. 2002. ?а6. 229 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?а??????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??а???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?а??????????? ?? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????. ?????? ????????, ???а?а??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ?????1. ????????????? ??????? ?? 04.12.2007 ?а331-??2 Ф?а???????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????╗ ???????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ?а????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????? 2 ??? ???., ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????-?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????????а??. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??а????? ????????? 2а??? ???. ?????? ?????а??а???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?а???????????, ???? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ????, ????????? ????????? ?????3. ????, ??а??????????? ????? ?а???? ??.а800, 1064 ??а?? ?а??.а117 ??а?? ????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??а????????. ?????? 1100 ??а?? ????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??а??, ?????? ??? 1 ? ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????. ??.?1099. ? ????? ???????????: ??а??. 2007. ?а50. ??.?6244. 3 ? ???????? ?а?????? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????а// ?????. 2008. ?а4. 2 230 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?а?а?????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? (??.а 22) ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? 125а???. ??????? ??а??????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? 1955а?. ?а????????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?а????????? 250 ???. ??????? (??. ?.а2 ?????????). ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???? ????????. ???????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а17 ?а?.а1 ??.а21) ?????????????, ???а???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??а????????? 113 100 ???, ??а????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????????, ?.?. ??а???????? ??????????. ?а????? ??????????, ??????????? 113а100 ???, ??????????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а21 ?????????, ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? (4.4.2.2). ????? ???????, ?а?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??а?????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ??а??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?а???????? 113а100 ???. ??????? ???????, ??? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?а?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? 100а000 ???. ?а????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????????. ?а????? ?????? ??.а1100 ??а?? ??????????? ????? ??а??????. ????????? ?а??????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??а????? ?????. ?а???? ??????? ?а?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?а??????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????, ??????? Ф?? ???????? ?????????????╗ (Да847 ???). ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?аФ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????╗, ?а???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ФSchmerzensgeld╗а? Ф?????? ??а?????????╗ ??? Ф???????? ??????????? ??а?????????╗. ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ???????????? ???????? ?????231 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????1. ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????? ????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?а??????, ????????? Ф????????? ??????╗ (Фdommage moral╗), ???? ?а???????????????? (??????????? ??????????? ???????) ???? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ?????????, ?а????????????? ??? ??а????????????? ?а??????????????? ??а????????????2. ??а???????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????? ????? ??а??????????? ???????? ???????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ????а? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?а????; ??а??????а? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ???????????????, ?а? ????????? ??????? ?а????????????? ???? ?а????. ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??а?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????????? ????3. ??? ???????, ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ???? ?????? ?а???????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??а????? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ?а? ?????? ?????? ?????????а? ??? ??????? ?????????????4. ? ???????? ???????? ???, ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? Ф???????????? ???? ?а????????? ?????????╗, Ф?????? ?? ????????╗ (loss of society), Ф???? ?????????? ?????????????╗ (survivor?s grief) ?а?.?. ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ?а???????? 1983а?., ??????-747, ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а007, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???, ??а???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ?а???????? ?????????? ??????????????. ???, ??????????? ??а??????? ??.а17 ?а24 ?????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ??????????? ????? Ф?а??????? ?а???????? ????╗ (Death on the High Seas Act), ????1 ? Lorenz E. Immaterieller Schaden und Фbillige Entschadigung in Geld╗. Berlin, 1981. S.а33. ? Zweigert ?., Kotz H. Einfuehrung in die Rechtsvergleichung: auf dem Gebiete des Privatrechts. Tubengen, Mohr, 1996. S.а699. 3 ? ??.: ??????????? ?.?. ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ???????????. ?.а40?56. 4 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а36. 2 232 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?а????, ????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???а?????????????? ???????? ?????? Ф?????????? ????????╗, Ф?????????╗ (Legally Cognizable Harm) ????? ????????????? ?????????1. ? 2000а?. ????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???, ?а???????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?????? ???аФ?????? ????? (??????????????), ???????, ????????╗. ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ???аФ???????????? ???? ?а????????? ?????????╗, Ф????????? ??????????? ?а????╗ ?а?.?., ???????? ?????????????? ??а??а???? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????. ???, ??? ?а1996а?. ?а??? ????????? ???? ??а???? ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?а007 ???????? ?????-747 ???????? ?а??????? 70а000а????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?а?а??????? 28 000а????. ???а? ??????2. ?а???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????3. ????????, ???а??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?а?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??а?? ?а??????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗ ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????, ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????????? ?а????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????????????? ???а????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??? ?а?а??????????. ?.?. ????? ?????, ???а???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?а????? ??????????4. ???????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? ??а?? ??а?????1 ? IATA. The Liability Reporter. February 1999. Vol.а2. Nа1. ?. 18?19. ? Larsen Paul.B., Sweeney Joseph C., Gillick John E. Op. cit. P.а419. 3 ? IATA. The Liability Reporter. February 2007. Vol.а10. P.а61. 4 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??. ????? ?????? (???????????)а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ??????, ?.?. ?????????. ?., 2006. ??.795. 2 233 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??а??, ???а????????? ?????? ????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а???????????????1. ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ??а?????? ?????????? (??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ??.а19 ???????????? ?????????, ??.а15 ?????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗), ?а?а?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? (4694 ???а? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ??а???????????? ?????????, 250 ???. ??????? ??????? (????? 20 ???.а????. ???)а? ??а????????? ????????? 1955а?.). ? ???????????? ?а???????????????? ????, ?????????????? ??а??, ???????????? Ф??????????? ??????????╗ ???????? ??а????????? ?????? ??а?????????, ??????? ???????? ???? ??а?. ????? (????? ?????), ?а????? ?а??? ???????? (?????) ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?а?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?а?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ???????????????? ??????. ??а?? ???????????? ?? 28.08.1998 ??а???? ?а64-?98??-8 ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????-???????????? ?????????? ???? ?? 29.12.1997 ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?? 24.02.1998, ???????, ???????? ??а??, ???а?????????? ????????? ??а???????? ???????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??а?а?????? ??????2. ??а??, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????? ????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗, ??????, ???а?????????? ????????? Ф????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? (??? ??????? ??а?? ???????? ?а??????????) ?а?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ??????╗. ?а???????????????? ?? ??.а19 ?а24 ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ?а?? ?????? ?????. ??????? ????????? ?а???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??а?????????. ??? ????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ??а??. ??????, ?а???????, ???? ?? ???????????? Ф??????????? ??????????╗ ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, 1 ? ??.: ???????? ???????? ??а??????????? ?????. 1993?1996. ?., 1997. ?.а212?213. ? ????????? ??а??. 1999. ?а5. ?.а9. 2 234 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??а???????? ?????????? ?????????, ???, ???????, ????? ??а????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????-???????????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ??а??????????? ?? ??.а22 ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? 20 ???.а????. ???. ????????, ???а???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а?а?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?а??? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?а???? ???????, ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?а???? ???????? ???? ???????. ?????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??а??????? ???????. ???, ????????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????? (???????), ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?а???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??а??? ?а2007а?. ?????, ???а????????? ???? ??а?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????, ??а?а???????? 1000 ??? ??а?????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ??а??, ???а?.а2 ??.а22 ????????? ??а???????? ???????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ???? ??а???? ??.а29 ?????????, ??? ?????????, ???а????? ??? ??а??????????????? ?а??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а???? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????1. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??а????, ???а??? ???????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ?а?????????? ????2. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ??а??????????????? ?? ????? ??????? 1 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 73. 2 ? Ibid. P.а237?239. 235 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? (?? ????????? ?а?????????? ??????????) ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? (??. ?.а2 ??.а17 ???????????? ?????????). ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ?а???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? (??.а796 ??а??) ?а???????? ?а600 ???. ??а1 ?? (??.а119 ??а??) ????????????. ? ?????????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ?а????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?????, ???????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? (????????? ??а???? ??. Да3 ????????? ?????). Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? 1. ?а??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????? ???а??а????? ??а??????? ??????????? ???????????????1. ??а?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????: ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????, ??????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а??????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ?????? ????? ?а?????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??, ???а?? ?????? (???? ??а????????, ???? ??? ?????) ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?а?????, ?????????????? ???????????а? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????, ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????, ??????, ??????????????? ?? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????????. ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????????а?? ?а?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????-???????????? ????? ????? ?????????? 1 ? ??.: ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?????. ????? ??????: ????? ?????????: 2-? ???. ?.: ??????, 2003. ?.а718; ????? ?.?. ????????????????? ?????. ?.,а1975. ?.а118?120; ??????????? ?.?. ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?.: ????. ???., 1966; ??????? ?.?. ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????. ?., 1970. ?.а137; ???????? ?.?., ???? ?.?. ????? ?????? ??а?????????????. ?., 1950. ?. 307?319 ?а??. 236 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????? (??????). ?????? ?а??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????, ???????? ??а??????? ???????????????? ????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ??а????? ??????? ??а????????? ??????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??а????? ?а????. 2. ?????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??а????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а?? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??-???????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????? ??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а17 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????, ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? Ф?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ?а????╗. ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????. ?.?. ???????, ?. ????????? ??????? ??а????, ???а????????? ?а??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?аФ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?а???????╗, ??а??????? ??????? ?а??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????1. ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???а?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????2, ?а??????, ??а?а?????? ???????????. ??????????, ???а???????, ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?а?????????????? ??а??? ????????, ???????????? ?а?????????????, ??????????????? ??? ??????, ???????, ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ????? (??., ????????, ??.а40 ??а??). ????? ???????, ??а??? ??????, ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?а?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????? ???????? ????????? ??а????????, ?а??? ?????????? ?????????а? ?а?????1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?. 177; Guldimann W. Op. cit. ?. 102. ? Renж Rodiere. Droit des transports: transports terrestres et aжriens. Paris, 1977. ?. 766. 2 237 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??а?????? ???? ?а????????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????. ? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?а??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ??а??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????, ?????????????? ????? ????????????, ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????????? ??а???? ?а??????????-??????????? ?????? ?а??? ?????? ?а?.?.1 ????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ????????. ? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?а??????? ?????? ?.а?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????? ????????? ??а???????? ??? ??????? ?а??????? ?а????????? ?а??????? ?????? ????????? ??а????????? ?а??? ????????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????, ??а?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ?????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?а??????? ?а????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??а????????2. ??? ????????, ???а?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а???????, ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????, ?а????????????? ?а???????, ????? ??а??????? ??-??? ????. ????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ???3 ?а??????? ???????? Ф?????? ????????╗. ??а?? ????????? ?, ??а??? ??????, ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???а???????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ??? ?а??????????????? ??????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а117 ??а?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??а????????? ????? ?а?? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??а??????????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????????. ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????????, ?а?????? ?а?а?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???1 ? ??., ????????, ??????? ??а?????: Evangelinos v. Trans World Airlines Inc., 550 F.2d 152 (3d Cir. 1977); Aquino v. Asiana Airlines 105 Cal. App. 4th 1272, 130 Cal. Rptr. 2d 233 (2003). 2 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 135?136. 3 ? Ibidem. 238 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?? ?а?????? ??????????? ??? ?а??????, ??а??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??а????????? ?????. ?а???? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ???????????????? (?.а1 ??.а117 ??) ??а?????? ????????????? ?.?. ??????? ???????????????? ???????1, ????? ???????????, ???а?а???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ????????, ???а????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????????, ??а??? ??????, ???????? ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? (??? ??? ???????) ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?? ????????????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ??? ????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????????????, ???а??? ????????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?? ????????????? ???????? ??а????, ???а?????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????????. ??? ??? ??? ?а?????????? ???? ??а????????? ?????, ???? ??а????? ???????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?????????. ?? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???а??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??? ?а?? ????????????? ????? ?а??????. ????? ???????, ?а????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??а?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а???????? ???а?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????. ? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??а?????? ????? ??? ???????, ???? ??? ???????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? 1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. ?.а8?9. 239 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????. ? ???????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а17 ???????????? ????????? ??а???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????, ???а??? ????????? Ф?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ???????, ?а??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????╗. ????? 2 ??.а18 ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????. ?? ???????? ?.а3 ?а4 ??.а18 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ?а3 ??.а18 ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???а??а??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ?а??????? ???????? ???? ????????? Ф??? ??????? ??????????? (?????????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ???? ?а?????????, ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?а?????-???? ???? ????? ?а?????? ??????? ??? ?????????)╗. ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????, ?????? ??? ??????????, ??а????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??а????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????. ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????, ???? ?????????????? ??а???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????. ????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ??????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????, ????????????, ???а??????????????? ??а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?а????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????? ??????????????? (?.а1 ??.а118 ??а??). ???????? ?.а3 ??.а118 ??а?? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??? ????????? ??а??а????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????, ????????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ???а??? ??????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??а????, ???, ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????240 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?? ?а?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????, ??а???? ?а?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ???а??? ????????? ??а????? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????). ?????????????? ??????? ?.а3 ??.а118 ??а?? ??а?????? ???????????????? ??а????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????????. ?? ?????????, ?? ??а??, ?? ??????? ????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????, ???а??????????????? ??а?? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ?а????. ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а????????-???????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ???? ?? ????????????, ???а????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?? ?????? ?а????????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????? ???????????, ?а???? ?????? ???????????. 3. ??????? ????????????? ????? ?а???????. ?? ?????????? ?.а1 ??.а17 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???а?????????? ???????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? (accident), ??????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????. ?а??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? Ф?????????? ??????╗. ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? Ф????????????╗. ?????????? 13 ?а????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??????? (??????, 1944а?.) ?????????? Ф??????????? ????????????╗ ???а?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ?????, ???????? ?а??????-???? ??? ???????, ?????? (?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????, ?а????? ??а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????). ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. 241 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?а??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?? ???????????? ??????????? 1999а?. ? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? (event) ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????/??????? ?????????, ?а?? ????????????? (accident). ????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??а????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????-???????????? ????????, ?.?.а??а????, ??а????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????, ?а?????????, ????????, ??а??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????. ????????, ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????, ?а?а1997а?. ?а???? ????????????? ??????????? ??а30-? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?а??????? ?????????1. ????? ???????, ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???а?????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ??а????? ??а???? ?????????????? ?????????, ??а?а?? ???????? ??а????, ???а????????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????. ? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???а????????? ?????????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ??а????? ?????? ?????, ?а???? ??????????? ?а???????? (????????) ??????? ?а?????????? ???????????2. ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а???? ??????? ??? ????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ??????? Ф????????????╗. ? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? Ф???????????? ????????????╗, 1 ? ICAO Doc. 9693-LC/190. ? ??.: ????????? ????????? ?????. ?.а226. 2 242 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?.?. Ф?????????? ??????╗ ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?а??????????? ??????. ?а???? Air France v. Saks 1985а?. ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????, ???а??????????????? ??а??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а??????, ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??а????????? ?а?????????1. ??? ????? ?????????, ???а?????????? ????? ???? ??а???? ??а???????? ?????????????. ???????? ?а???????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?.а????????2. ????? ???????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ??а????, ???? ???????? ????? ??а????? Ф????????? ???╗ (??????? ???????????), ??а???????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????3. ? ????? Harley Price v. British Airways 1992а?. ?аBrandi Wallace v. Korean Air Lines 2000а?. ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ??а????? ????? ????? ???????????, ?а??????????? ????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? Фaccident╗ ?а?????? ??.а17 ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ???? ??а???? ????????? ?а?????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????, ?а??????????????? ????? ??а???????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????4. ?????????? ??????? ??а???? Harley Price v. British Airways ?а?? ???? Brandi Wallace v. Korean Air Lines5. ??а???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????6. ??????? ????? ??? ???????, ?а??????? ???? ???????, ???а??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??????? ???????????????, ???а??а?????????? ???????????. ????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ??а????????? ?а???????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ????????, 1 ? Unmack Tim. Op. cit. P.а249. 219; Dempsey P.S., Milde M. International Air Carrier Liability: The Montreal Convention of 1999. McGill University. Institute of Air & Space Law. 2005. ?. 134?151. 2 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 136. 3 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Article 17 and the Warsaw Conventionа? When is an ФAccident Фis not an Article 17 Compensable ФAccident╗а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXII/1 (June 2007). P.а228?229. 4 ? Willcox David. Warsaw Convention Article 17. Update. Beaumont and Son, Lloyds Chambers. London, 20 May 2001. 5 ? Wallace v. Korean Air, No. 98 Civ. 1039, 1999 WL 187213 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 6, 1999). 6 ? The Liability Reporter. February 2004. Vol.а7. P.а17. 243 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? (Abdul Rahman Al-Zamil v. British Airways Inc.)1. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? (Girard v. American Airlines, Inc.2; Scala v. American Airlinesа? ???? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????3). ????????? ???? ??? ??а????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? Ф???-???╗ ?а??????????? ????, ??????? ?а1998а?. ???? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?а????-????, ???????, ???, ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??а???? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????????, ???а?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??а?????? ???????? (?????????????) ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????. ? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?а???????? ????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ?а?? ??? ????, ??? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????4. ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? (??????? ????, ????????? ?????, ??????????????), ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????, ??????? ??????????. ???????????? ??????, ?а??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????,а? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а????? ????????? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?а??????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??а????????5. ??а???? ????1 ? Abdul Rahman Al-Zamil v. British Airways Inc 770F 2d 3 (US Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit, 1985). 2 ? Girard v. Am. Airlines, Inc., No. 00?CV4559, 2003 WL 21989978 (E.D.N.Y., Aug. 21, 2003). 3 ? Scala v. Am. Airlines 249 F. Supp. 2d 176 (D. Conn 2003). 4 ? Leloudas Georges. Risk and Liability in Air Law. London. Informa Law. 2009. ChapterаV. 5 ? Ibidem. 244 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?а??????????? ????. ?а?????????, ???????? ????? ??????? (??????) ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а????? ????????????? ?????? ??а??????, ?а???????????? Ф??? ?????╗, ???????? ??? ?????, ???????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?а????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????, ????????? ?а???1. ???????? ?а???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?а????????, ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а????????? 100а???. ??? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?а????????? ??????? ??? ??а????? ????????? ?????????. ?а?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ????? ??? ???? ???а????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а(???) ???? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????, ??????? ??? ??????? ??а?????. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????-???????????? ????? ???? ????? ??а?????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а????? ?а??? ???????/???????. ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????????? ???, ???а??????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ??а????????? ?????? ?а??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ????? ?а?????? ?а????????? ??? ?а?????? ???? ????????? ?а??????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??а????? ??????, ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????? ???????????????. ???????, ???а?????????? ??????? ?.а1 ??.а18 ?????????? ????????? ?а????? ?.а2 ??.а17 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? Фevent╗, ?.а1 ??.а18 ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ??а??????? ????а? Ф?????????? ??????╗, ?а?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? Фoccurrence╗, ?а? ????????? (???????????)а? Фжvжnement╗. 1 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 72?73. 245 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? 1. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а20 ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а????? ???????????????, ???? Ф???????, ???а?? ?а????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?а????, ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???а?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????╗. ????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ?а?????, ?а????? ??а???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????. ???? ?????????????? ????? ???? ?а????? ?????? ??? ??????????????. ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??а???????????. ??????? ???? ????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????. ????? ????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????1, ?.?. ???? ???????, ???а???????? ????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?а??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?а????????? (?.а2 ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????). ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?? ?????????. ????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ??а???????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ???????????? ????????? 1999а?., ???????, ???а?а????????? ?а????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1975а?. ?а4, ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????? (????? ?????????? Ф???????????╗, Ф??????????? ?? ????╗) ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??????????????, ??????, 1 ? ????????? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ???? ???а??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????а// ????????????. 1977. ?а3. ?.а107?111. 246 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ???а?????????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????1. ????????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????. ?????? 20 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ??????????????, ??????? ???????? ???а????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???а??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ?а?? ????????? (????????) ?а?? ????????. ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ????????? ???????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а??? ???????, ?а????? ??? ????????, ???а??? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ???????. ????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? (??. ?.а6 ?????????? ?????????). ?????-???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ??а??.а26 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а23 ?????????? ?????????. 2. ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?а????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ?????????????, ???а???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??а????????? 100 000 ???, ??а????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????. ?а1 ?????? 2010а?., ???а??? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? 113 100 ???. ? ????? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??а??????? ???? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? (?.а1 ??.а17 ?а?.а1 ??.а21 ???????????? ?????????). ????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????. ????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ???? ????? ???????????????? ???а??????????, ???? ??? ?а????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??а??????? ????? 1963а?., ????????? ??1 ? Leloudas Georges. Risk and Liability in Air Law. Chapter VI. 247 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? Ф??????????╗, ??????????????? ??? ??а????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??а????? ????????? ?? ??а????? ??????????????, ????? ???? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ???? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ?????, ?????????????? ??а?????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а???????, ???а???????, ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???????, ????????, ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?а????????????? ???????. ?????? ????, ???а????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?а??????????? ????????, ?а????????? ?а????????? ??? ?а?????? ??????. ??а????? ??? ???????? ?а???? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??а??? ????. ? ???????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????, ?????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ?а???????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а1079 ??а?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а???????? ??а????, ??????????? ???? ??????????, ???? ???????, ???а???????? ????? ??а??? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?а????? ??????? ?а????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а?????? ?.а1 ??.а17 ?а?.а1 ??.а21 ???????????? ?????????? 1999а?. ??а???????????. ? ?????????, ????? ??а??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ??.а1079 ??а??, ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ???????, ?а????? ??????а? ???????????????? ????, ???????, Ф????╗ ????????? ?????. ???? ??а?? ?????????????? ?????????????, ?а?????????, ??????????? 17 ?а????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????, ??. ?II ??а?? ?а?.?. ?а?????????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? Ф??????? ????????╗ ??? ???248 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????, ?а??????? ???????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?а????? ?????????, ??а?????? ?????? ?а????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ???? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??а?? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?а???????????????? ???????????????? ?.а2 ??.а1079а??а?? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ??????, ?а?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ?а??? ????????а? ???????????????? ???????? (???????????? ???????????), ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???, ??????????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ?а?????????? ?а??? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????, ??????? ??а?????????? (?? ???????????? ????????) ??????????????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????? ????????????. ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? (???, ???, ??????? ?а??.) ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?.а1 ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????? ???а??? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ??? ????????? ???? Herman v. TWA (1974а?.), Evangelinos v. TWA (1976а?.) ?а??., ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а????? ?????????1. ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??а??????????? ???????? ??а???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?а??????????, ??????????? ??????? ?а????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???а???????????? ??????? (????.а? safety), ??? ?а??????????? ???????????? (????.а? security)2. ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а25. ? ?а????????? ?а???????? Ф???????????? ???????╗ ?аФ??????????? ????????????╗ ??.: ????????????? ?????. ????????? ?????: ??????? ??? ?????а/ ?.?. ???????, ?.?.а???????, ?.?. ?????? ?а??.; ???. ???. ?.?. ??????, ?.?. ????????. ?.: ??????, 2010. ?.а205. 2 249 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? (???), ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????. ?а???????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ?????, ??а????????? ???????? ??а?? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ?а?а???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ??? ????????1. ???? ?а???, ???а?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ????????, ?а???????????? ?а?.а1 ?.а1 ??.а58 ??а?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?а??????, ?????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ?а?????????, ?а????? ???????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?а???????????? ?? ????? ??????, ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?а??????? ??а?????. ???, ???????? ??а??? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? Ф????????╗ ?а?????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??-154 ?а????????? ?????-757 ??? ????????? ?????? 1 ???? 2002а?., ?????? ???????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗ ?а???? ????????? ????????? ?а???, ???а??????? ??????????? ??а?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ?а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ?а???? ??????????? ??????????????, ???????? ?? ????????, ???а?????? ?а???? ???????????? ??а??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗. ?????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????? (??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????) ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??а?????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????, ???а??? ???? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????? ????????? ?а???? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?а????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?а?????, ??а??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?а????????????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗ ??а???????? ?? ?????????? ??а????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????. 1 ? ????????? ????????? ?????. ?.а228 (????? ?????а? ?.?. ???????). 250 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??а?а??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? Ф????????╗ ?а?????????? ?????, ?а? ???, ???, ??-??????, ??????????????? Ф?????????? ?????╗ ???? ????? ?а?????? ???????? ???????????? ??а????????? ????????? ???????? 20а???.а????. ??? ??а?????? ?????????, ?, ??-??????, ??????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?а????, ???а???????????? ???????? ????? ??а??????? ?а???? ?????. ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?а????????, ?????????, ???????, ???. ?????? ?а??????? ?????? ??????? ??-154 ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????? ???? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??а????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????? Sky Guide ?????? ?а??????? ????? 150 ???. ???? ??а??????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????1. ???????? ????????????? 30 ??????????? ?а?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? Ф?????????? ?????????╗ ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????? ????????? ?. ????????? ?а34 ??????? (?????а? ??? ???????) ??????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? (TCAS), ?????????????? ??а????? ??????????? ????????,а? ???????????? ???????? ФHoneywell╗ ?а????????, ?????????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ????? ????????????,а? ACSS ФAviation Communication & Surveillance Systems╗)2. ??а????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ??а????????, ?????? ??? ?????????, ???а???????????? TCAS ??а???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????? ??а??????? ??а30 ???????? ????????? 1а247а661,88а????. ???????? ?а2010а?. ???????? ????????? ??? ?а?????? ???? Ф????????╗а? 60% ?а??????? ???????? Ф?????????? ?????╗а? 40%, ???????? ??????? (20%) ???? ????????? ??а??????????, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? 348а660,35а????. 1 ? http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2111435,00.html ? Bashkirian Airlines flight 2937? DHL Airways flight 611 mid-air collision: AаSpanish court applies U.S. law to determine liability and damagesа? aаparadigm shift as to forum non conveniens or much ado about nothing?а// Condon & Forsyth LLP, Special Edition Spring 2010. 2 251 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ??а????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????????? ??а????????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??а??????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????????? Ф??????????╗ ?????????, ??? ???????, ???а?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ?а???? ??????? ?????????а? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а????? ????????????. ? ?????????, ????? ??????????????, ???а????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ??а????????? ?? ???????????, ??????. ?????? ????а? ?????????? ???????? ??-154, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????, ??? ????????, ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?а?.?. ??? ??а????? ????????? ??????????????, ???????? ??????? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ???????????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ?а?а???????? ??????????1. ??????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ??а???? ????????????, ????????????? ????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??а????????, ??а??? ??????, ???-?? ??????????????????. ?.?. ??????? ?????, ???а??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ??????????, ????? ???? ???? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????. ?а???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????2. ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? Ф???????????╗, ??????????? ???????????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????, ???а????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ?а????????? ??????????3. 1 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 35?36. 2 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?.а85? 92. ??. ?????: ?????? ?.?. ???? ???а??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????а// ????????????. 1977. ?а3. ?.а107?111. 3 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????? ?.?. ????????????? ??а?????????? ?????а// ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ????????????????? ??????????а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ?????????. ?.:а????????. ?????????, 1993. ?.а432. 252 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ? ?????? ??I ?. ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ????????, ?а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ??а?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ????????? ????????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???? ???? (??. Да6 ????????? ?????, ??.а50 ???????????? ?????????). ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???? ??а???? ?а?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ????? ?а???????? ??а????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ???????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а?????? 100 ???. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а?????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?а???????. (??а?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ?а??????? ?? 4 ?? 6 ???, ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???а?? ??????? ???????????, ??? ?а?? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????????.) ???????, ????????? ?а?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????-???????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????????, 1 ?????? ????????? /3 ????? ??????????1. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? Ф?????????╗ ????????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???????, ??а???????????? ??а?????? ????. ??????????, ???а????? ???????, ??а??? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??а???????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?а?????? ????????, ??? ?? ???а?а???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???????????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а??????? ???1 ? Documents of American Bar Association. Governmental Relations Office, Washington, D.C., 1981. ?. 18?19. 253 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а??????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а?? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????????, ???????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????????????????? ??а????????? ?? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????????????, ?а?? ?????? Ф?????????╗ ?????????? (???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?а???? ????? Ф???????????╗ ????????????а? ?????????????? ???????????). ????? ???????, ??????? ?а???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ?а???? ????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ?а?????-???? ?????????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????, ????, ??? ??????????, ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а?????? ?????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??а????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????????? ??????????????, ??????? ???????? ??а?? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ?а?а???????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ??а????? ?? ?????????. ? ????? ????? ??????????, ??????????? 100 ???. ???, ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ???а?а??????, ??а???????? ????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а21 ????????? ??а????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???? ???????, ???а????? ???? ??а??? ???????? ??а???? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??а???? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?? ??????? ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ???????, ???а??а?????? ??? ??????????? ????, ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???а??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??а????? ??????? ??????????? ???? Ф?? ?????? ?????? ???????????????╗, ?.?. ????? ?????? 254 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? 100 ???. ???. ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????. ???????????? ????????? ?а????, ???а??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????; ???? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а?????, ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а???????????? ????????, ????????? ??? ????? ??а???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????, ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??а??????????? ??а?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????? 100 ???. ???, ??а?? ????????? 300 ???. ??? 500 ???. ???, ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ??а?????, ?а?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? (?????? ???????)1. ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????????2. ?????? ??а?????????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????????. ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????, ???а????????????? ???? ???а?????? ?????? ??????????-???????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??а????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ??а????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?а???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?а????? ??????? ????? ???????????????, ??? ??????????????? ???????????????а? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????????????. 3. ????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а4 ?а?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ?????1 ? DWC Doc.18. ?а18. ?. 2. ? ??.: ?????? ?.??. ????. ???. ?. 321. 2 255 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ????, ??? ??????????, ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????, ????????? ?а???????, ?????? ??? ????????? ?????. ?????????????, ???а???????????? ???????? ?а4 ???????????????, ???а?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????, ???? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????, ????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????. ?а???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????, ???, ????????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а?а???????? ??????????1. ? ???????????? ??а??.а796 ??а?? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????????? ??а??? ????????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??а????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а118 ??а?? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????. ??????, ???а???????????? ?.а1 ??.а118 ??а?? ???????????? ??а??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ?а?.а1 ??.а401 ??а??, ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ?а???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????-???????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????????????. ??????? ?.а1 ??.а118 ??а?? ?? ???????????? ??.а796 ??а?? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а?а???????? ??а?????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ???а?????????? ??а????. ??????, ??а?????? ?.?.а???????????, ????????? ??а??, Ф??????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ??а??, ????????? ?а????? ????????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????? ??а??? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????╗2. Ф??????? ????????????? ??? Ф?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????╗,а? ????? ????? ??? ?а????????? ??1 ? Whalen Thomas J.S. Op. ?it. ?. 18. ? ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а482?483. 2 256 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????????? ??а????????????? ??????,а? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????????, ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????╗1. ????????? ?????????? ??????, ?а? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а??? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??а??????????? ???????, ?????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????, ???????? ?а????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а?????????????. ????? ???????, ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?а????? ???????????? ????????. ??? ?а???????? ??????????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ????, ????, ?? ????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ??? ????????? ???а??? ?а???????? ?? ????? Ф??????????????? ????????╗, ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??а?????????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?????? ?а?????? ?а??? ?????????? ?а????????????? ????? ??? ??????. ??а???? ?????????? ???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?? (?.?. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????) ??? ???а??а?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??а??? ????????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??а???????? (?.?. ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????), ???, ?????????????? ??.а20 ?????????? ????????? ??? ??.а796 ??а?? ?а?.а1 ??.а118 ??а??, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а??????? ??? ????????????. ?????????? ????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??а????, ???а???????????, ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?? ???????????????, ???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а?? ????? 1 ? ?????????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а339. 257 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?а????. ??? ????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ??а?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?а?????? ????? ??а??? ???????????????1. ?????? ????????????, ???????? ???а?а??????????, ??? ?а?а?????????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?а??? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ????? ?а?????? ??а??????????? ?????. 4. ????, ??а??????? ?а?????. ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а17 ???????????????, ???а?а????????? ????????????????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ????? ???????????????, ???? ???? ???????? ??а??? ???? ??? ??а???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????. ????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??а??? ????, ?а????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??а?????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?а??????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ?.а2 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ?????????. ?а?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ?????????, ?а???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? 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Да4 ????????? ?????) ??а??? ????????? ????????? ??а????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ??а??????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ??а?? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??а?????? ?а?????????. ????????? ????, ??????????? ??? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?а????? ??а?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????, ??а??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??-??????, ??.а796 ??а?? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????, ??????????? ??? ?????????. ??-??????, ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????, ?.?. ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ???а??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????. ?а?-???????, ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??а??????????? ????? 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а178. 258 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????, ??а??????????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ????????????. ?? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????????, ??????? ????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????? (??., ????????, ??.а186 ???а??), ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????, ??а??????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ?.а2 ??.а118 ??а?? Ф?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????????? ??а??? ????????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??а????????, ???? ?????? ?????????╗. ????? ???????, ???а?? ???????, ??а?? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??.а796 ??а??, ??а?а?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ?????. ?а?????????? ?????, ?а?????????, ??а?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?а????????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ?а??? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?а??, ?а????? ????? ?а?.а2 ??.а118 ??а?? ?????????? ?????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??? ???????, ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ????????????, ??????? ?????????? ???а?а????? ??????, ??? ?а?а????? ???????????. ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ???? ????????????. ???, ????????, ?а???????????? ??а??.а20 ???????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????, ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???????????????, ??????? ???? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??а?????? ??? ??а??????????????? ??а???????????????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????? ????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??.а21 ?????????? ?????????. ????? ????????????? ?а?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?? ???? 1983а?. ????? ???????? ?а???? ???????????? 259 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ??????, ???а?а??а?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????? ?????, ??????????????? ?? ??а???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????, ??-??????, ??.а1079 ??а?? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??а?????? ?а?????? ??????, ??а?а?а?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????. ??-??????, ????? ?????? ??а?? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????. ?????????? ???? ?а???????????????????? ?????? ?а??а?? ??а???? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ?-???????, ?????????, ??а??? ??????, ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??а????????? ?а???????????????? ??а?????????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????, ??????? ??а?? ????????????, ?????????? ??а????????? ??? ?????? ?а??????????? ??а????????????. ?? ???? 1983а?., ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????, ???а?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?а??? ??????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??а???? ???????????. ??????????? ??а?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. 5. ???????? ??? ?????????, ????? ?а???????, ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????????? ?аДа2 ????????? ?????, ???????? ??? ?????????, ????? ?а???????, ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????. ??а???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ?????????? ??????? ??а?????? ????????. Ф?????????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ??а???????, ???а?? ?а??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ?а????, ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???а??? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????╗. ?????? 19 ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????260 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?а??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????????? ?????? ?а?а????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????????, ???? ????????????? ??????????? (???????? ??? ????????????? ??????????) ?????????????, ?а???????а? ???????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????. ???? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а??????, ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??а????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?? ???????????, ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??а?????????, ???????? ??а??, ???а??а???????? ????????????????, ??-???????? ???????? ??а??????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ??а?????? ????????. ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ???? ?а???????? ????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а? ??????????????? ??????? ?а?? ????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ??? ??а????? ???? ??? ???????????? ??.а19 ?а????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ???, ???а??? ??а????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ?а????????, ????? ???? ???????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??а???????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????, ????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????. ??????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ?а???????? ???????, ?????????? ?????, ???? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????1. ?????? 795 ??а?? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ???а?????????? ????? ???????????????, Ф???? ??а???????, ???а???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????, ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??? ???? ?????????????, ??а????????? ?? ???????????╗. ???????? ???????????? ?.а2 ????????????? ??????? 1 ? Whalen Thomas J.S. Op. cit. P.а18. 261 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??а?? ?? 29.09.1994а?. ?а7 ??? ??????? ??????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??а??а?.а6 ??.а28 ?????? ?а?????? ???? ???????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ?а???? ?????? ???????????, ?а????????????????? ??.а795 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???????????? ?а????????? ?????????????. ?????? 120 ??а?? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???????? ??а?????? ?????????, ??а?а?????? ?а?????. ??? ???????????? ??а????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??.а20 ?????????? ?????????, ??.а19 ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????, ??????? ?а???? ???????, ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а401 ??а??: Ф???? ?????????? ??????????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?а????????????????, ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ???????, ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????╗. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??а?? ?а??а?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?а?????????? ??а?????????. ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?.а1 ??.а401 ??а??. ??? ?а??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?а??????????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? (??., ????????, ??.а5 ????????? ??? ?а??????? ????????? ?????? 1978а?. (??????????? ???????) ?а??.). ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??.а795 ??а?? ?а??.а120 ??а?? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ??????, ????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?а????? ?а???? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ?????????? ?????? ????????, ???а????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а??а??? ????, ???а??а???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?а????, ????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????, ?а???а????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ??а??? ?????????? ?а???? ????? ???????????? ????????. 262 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??а??????????????? ????????????????? ???????, ?а??????? ????????????? ?????????а? ??а????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?а???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??а???????? ???? ?????????, ??а???? ????? ??????????? ??а??????, ???????? ?????, ?????????? ?а??????, ?а???????? ?????????, ??а????????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а?? ???????????? (?.а76). ? ????? ?а???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????1, ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??а?? ??а?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а???????? ?а?????????. ?.?. ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ?????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????, Ф? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ????╗, ?аФ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????╗ (??????? ?а???? ????????? ??а?? ?а??а??). ?а????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? 1971а?., ??.а11 ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? (??????, 1973а?.) ?а??.а5 ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ??а?????????? ?????? ????? (??????, 1976а?.)2. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????, ????????? ??а??????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?а?? ??а????????? ??? ?????????. ??а????? ???? ?? ????????????? ????????, ?а???? ??? ?а?? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?., ?? ?????-???? ?????? ?????-???? ???????????1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?????????а// ????????? ?а?????. 2004. ?а3. ?.а116?117; ?????? ???????????????? ?? 26.08.2008 ?а01/9311-8-32 Ф?а???????? ??? ??а?????? ???? ??????????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??????????╗. 2 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ?а?????? ???? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ????????????а// ????? ?а?????????. 2000. ?а9. ?.а118. 263 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????????????? ??а???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??.а794 ??а?? ?а????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ????? ???????????. ?????????? ?а???? ??.а792 ?а795 ??а?? ?а??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????, ?????????? ?а????? ?а????????????? ?????. ?? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?, ?а?????????, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ??а??? ????1. ??? ????? ??а?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????2, ????????????-???????? ??а??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????? (??????? ????????? ????? 50 ???). ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ???????? ?а??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??а?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???, ???а????? ??????????? ?а???????? ??а????????????? ?а?? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????, ???а?????????????, ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????, ??а??????? ???????? ???????? ?а????????????? ?????????????? ??????, ????????? ??а????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ??а????????????. ????????, ???а????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ??а??.а120 ??а??, ??????? ??а??????????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????, ?а????? ??а???, ???а?а????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ????, ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? (??. ?.а6 ?????????). ????? ??????? ????????? ????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ???????? ??а???????? ??а?????? ???????, ??а?? ?а??????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?а??? ?? ???????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??а??????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ???????, ???? ??а?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????????. 1 ? ??.: ??????????? ?а??а??а/ ??? ???. ?.?. ????????, ?.?. ????????. ?.а508. ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. ????? ???????? ???????? ??а??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????а// ????? ?а?????????. 2007. ?а1. 2 264 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??а????, ???а??????????, ??????? ??а?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?а????????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ????????? ????, ????????? ?а??????, ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????????1. ??? ???????? ?????????????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а?????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????2. ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?а??? ?. ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ?а???, ???а???????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?а??????, ??а??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а?????????????????? ??????? ??? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ??????????? ??? ???, ???, ???а???????, ???????? ?????????? ??а????????, ??а????????? ?? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??? ????????. ???а?????? ????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??а????? ?а???? ??а???????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?, ???????, ????????????? ???? ??а??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????????3. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ?а?????????, ????????? ??????????. ????? ??? ???? ??а???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????????а? ??? ??? ?????????? Ф????????????????╗ ????? (??1 ? IATA The Liability Reporter. 2001. Vol.а4. ?. 38. ? Ibid. 2000. Vol.а3. ?. 33. 3 ? Tompkins George N., Jr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. ?. 241?242. 2 265 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????), ?.?. ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ?а????????, ??????????? ???? ????. ??????? ???, ???а???????, ???, ???а???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ??а???? ?а????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????, ?а???????????? ????? ?????? ?а???????. ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???? ??а?????. ?а???????? Ф????????????????╗ ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ??а???????? ?а?????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?а??????, ???? ???????? ??а????????? ?? ?????????, ?а?????????????? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ????????????. ???????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?а???? ?.а5 ??.а22 ???????????? ????????? (?????? ???????????) ??а????? ????????? ??а??????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????, ???????????????, ?а?????????, ???????????? ??????????. ????????? ???????????? ????? Ф????? ????? ?????????╗ (Regulation (EC) Noа261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 20041 ФNEW AIR PASSENGER RIGHTS╗ ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??а???? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а????????? ??а???????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????. ????????? ?????? ???? ??а????????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?? ??????????. ???????? ?.а74 ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??а?????????????? ??????????, ?????????????????, ?а???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??а????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?.?. ???????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????? ??а????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??а?? ??????? ?а???? ??????????????? ??а????? ?????????, ????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??а??? ???? ?а???? ??а?? ?????? ???? ??? ?а????, ????? ???????? ?????2. 1 ? Official Journal Lа046, 17/02/2004 P.а0001?0008. ? ??.: ????????? ????????? ?????. ?.а196 (????? ?????а? ?.?.а???????). 2 266 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??а????? ??????? ?????????? ??а??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ??а?? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??а????? ??? ??а??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????????????????. ??????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??а?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а5 ?????? ??а?????? ??????????????, ??а????????? ?? ???????????, ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а?????? ?????. ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????, ?а???? ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?а?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????, ????? ?? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????, ??а?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ????? ???????? ???????????, ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????. ??? ???????, ??а????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ???????? ??а??а???а???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?а??????? ?? 19.11.2009 ??а????????????? ?? ???? Sturgeon v. Condor, and Bock v. Air France (C-402/07 and C-432/07) ????????????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ??????, ??а???????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????????, ???а?????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? Фextraordinary circumstances╗, ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????????1. ??? ??????, ???а????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ??а?????? ???????? ??????. 1 ? Balfour John. Airline Liability for Delays: The Court of Justice of the EU Rewrites EC Regulation 261/2004а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XX?V. 2010. ?а1. ?. 71?75. 267 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????? ?а????? ?????? ?а?? ??????? ????? ???????а? ?а??????, ??а??? ?????? ?а??????, ???а????? ??????????? ???????? ??а?????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????, ???????, ???????????, ???, ????????, ???????, ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???. ??а?????? ????? ????????? ??.а19 ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????1, ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?а????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??а???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????-???? ????????????. ????????, ???а??????? ???? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ?а??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???, ???а??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????????? ??а??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?а????????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?а???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?а??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ?а????????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ??а?????? ?????, ??? ??а???? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?а??? ????. ???????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????, ???????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????????2. 1 ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. ?. 18. ? Balfour John. Airline Liability for Delays: The Court of Justice of the EU Rewrites EC Regulation 261/2004. ?. 71; Dempsey P.S., Johansson S.O. Montreal v. Brussels: The Conflict 2 268 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а?????????. ??а?? (?.а4 ??.а106) ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?а???????, ?а????? ?????? ?а????????? ??? ???????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а???? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?а(???) ?а??????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ?????? (?.а99) ???????????????, ???а??? ???????? ?а????????? ??а???? ???????????, ?а????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ??????? (?.?. ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????), ??а??????????? ?а?????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?а?а????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? (??. Да3 ????????? ?????). ????? ???: ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?а???????, ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????, ?????????? ?а????????? ?а??. ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ??????? ??, ???????, ??????, ????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?а???? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ??а?? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??а???????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?а????????, ??а??? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? (??. 120 ??а??). ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ??а??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????, ???а?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????of Laws on the Issue of Delay in International Air Carriageа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXV/3 (June 2010). P.а207?224. 269 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?а?????1. ?а?????????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?а?а??????2. ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?а????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ?а???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ??а???? ???????????, ????, ???а????? ???????????????, ??а???????????? ??????. ???????? ?а????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ?а???????? ????? ???????а? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ?????, ???а?а???????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????, ??? ???? ?????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??а?????? ???????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????? ??? ????, ??а?а???????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ?????????????????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???а??? ?а???, ????? ??а????????? ???????, ????? ??????????????? ?а?????? ??а???????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ???????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??а????? ????????????, ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?а?????????-??????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????????? 1 ? 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K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ???????, ??а?????? ????????????, ???????????1. ??????????, ????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????????? ?а???? ??.а65 ??а?? ???????? ?????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ?а??????????? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ??????????? ??????????-???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????????????. 6. ????????? ???????????????. ?????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????? ?аФ????????? ???????????????╗, ???????? ?а?????? ???? ?а????????? ???????? ?а????? ???? ???????????? ?а?? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ???????? ??.а21 ?????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а???? ????, ???????????? ????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????????????? ???, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ??? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?а???? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ??а??, ????? ???? ???? ?а????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????, ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??а????????. ?????? 404 ??а?? Ф???? ?????????╗ ??????: Ф???? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????, ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??а?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????, ???? ??а?????? ???????? ??? ?а?? ??????????╗. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а???? ??.а800 ??а?? ?а??.а117 ??а?? ??????? ?????????? ?а??.а59 ??а?? Ф????????????? ??а?????????? ?????╗. ?? ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??.а54 ??а?? ????????, ???а?????????? ????????? ????1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ????????? ?????? ??а???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????а// ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????. ???.а16. ?., 2004. ?. 37. 271 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а1083 ??а?? ????, ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????? ??а????????. ?а?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а??? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?.а1 ?.а2 ???? ?? ?????? ??а??, ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?а??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?а??????????? ?????. ?????? ?а???, ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????????, ??а???????? ??а?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?а?????????, ?а???????? ????????а?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????. ??а????, ?а?????????, ?????????? ?а?.а23 ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 28.04.1994 ?а3 Ф?а???????? ???????? ??а????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ????????╗1. ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?а??, ???а??? ??а?????? ??????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?а???? ????????????, ???? ??а?? ?????? 14-??????? ???????? (??.а1073 ??а??), ??а??????????? ??? ???????, ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?? ????????????, ?????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а20 ??а??. ????? 2 ?.а2 ??.а1083 ??а?? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??а?????, ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????, ?а????????? ??????? ??а?? ?????????? ??а??????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????. ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??.а1083 ??а??, ???????? ???????? Ф??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ????? ??а???????????╗, ??а??? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?а? ?.а3 ?.а2 ??.а1083 ??а??, ??????? ??а????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? (?.а1 ??.а1085), ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ????????? (??.а1089), ?а????? ???????? ??а?????????? (??.а1094). 1 ? ????????? ??а??. 1994. ?а7. ????????????? ???????? ???? ?а????? ?а???????? ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 26.04.2007 ?а15. 272 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да5.а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а??.а1098 ??а??, ??а?????? ??????? ???????, ???а?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ?а??????? ??а??? ??????? ????????????. ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ???????????????, ??-??????, ???????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?а????? ?????? ??.а20 ?????????, ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????: Ф???? ?????????? ???????, ???а???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????, ?????????? ??????????, ??? ????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????╗. ??-??????, ?а??????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? (? ??а???????????) ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? (????????? ??? ????????) ??? ??????? ???? ????????????. ?-???????, ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ?а??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ?а?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? Ф?????? ?а??????? ??????????????╗. ??? ????????, ??а??????????? ???????????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ????? ?а?? ?????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????. ?????? ??.а20 ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а???????????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ?????????, ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??? ????, ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? (?????), ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???а????????????????, ??? ?а?????????. ?а????? ?а???? ????????, ???а?????????? ?а??.а20 Ф???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????╗, ??????????? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????? (???????????) ?а?? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????, ????????, ?а?????? ??.а1098 ??а??, ?.?. ?????????? ?????-???? ????????????? ????? ?а???????. 273 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?-?????????, ????????? ????????? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?? ??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????, ?а?? ????? ??а???????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?а?????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ??.а1083 ??а??. ????????, ???а?.а3 ?.а2 ???? ??????, ??????? ??а????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ??а??????????, ??????????? ??а?????. ?????? ?а??? ?а???? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?а???? ?????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?.а2 ??.а1083 ??а?? ?а????????????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ?-?????, ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ?а???, ???а?а?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ????? Ф???????????? ????╗ ?а?????? ??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?, ???????????, ??а???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?а??????, ???а?а?????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????????. ??????, ???????????? ??? ??????? ?а1964а?. ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??а???? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ???????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??.а21 ?????????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????. ? ????? ?а???? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ???а???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???? ?????, ??? ????????, ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ??а???????, ???а???????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????, ??а??? ?а?????? ???? ????????????? ??274 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а404 ??а?? Ф???? ?????????╗ ??????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?а???????, ????? ??????? ?а???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????. Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? 1. ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???а??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???а??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??а?????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?а?????????????????1. ?а???? ????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????, ???а???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????, ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??а?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а?а???????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ??а?????????????, ????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????2. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а???????????????. ??????????????? ??????? ??а???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ??.а50 ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а?????????, ?????????? ?а????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ?а????????, ????????????? ??????????. ???????????? ????? ???????????а? ???????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????, ??????????????? ??????????. 1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ????. ???. ?.а38. ? ??.: ????????????? ??? ??? ?? 18.01.2007 ?а?08-7152/2006 ??а???? ?а?323743/2006-50/40. 2 275 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????, ????????, ???????? ????? ??а??????? ????????? ?????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????, ?????????????? ????, ???а??? ???????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ?????? ?а??????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????????? 1944а?. ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????. ???а????????? ???????????????? ?а?? ?????????? ?а??????? ???????????? ???????????1. ?? ?????????? ?????-???? ????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????. ?а?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? (???????????) ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?а????????????????, ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? (???) ?а1999а?., ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????а? ????? ????????? ????? ?а(???) ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?а(???) ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????-???????????? ??????????? (?????) ?а1999а?., ????????????? ??а?? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????а? ????? ????????? ????? ?а(???) ?????? ??????????? ???????????????. 2. ??????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ????????????????. ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а??????. ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??.а800 ??а?? ???????? ?а??????? ?????????, ??а?а?? ??????????? ??????, ??а??? ??????, ???????????? ??.а931 ??а?? Ф??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????╗. 1 ? ICAO Doc. 6024-LC/121. ?. 239. 276 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ???а??? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ?а??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??а???? ???????? ?????????? ?аДа1 ?а2 ????????? ?????. ?????????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???? ?а????? ?????? ?????????????? ??а???????? ??.а932 ??а?? 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Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ?.а1?3 ??.а133 ?а??.а134 ??а??, ??а??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????????? ??а?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??.а133 ??а?? ???? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?? ????????, ????????? ???? ?а??? ??? ?а???????? ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?.?. ?а?????? ???? ???????????. ?????????, ????????? ?а??.а133 ??а?? ??????? ?? 04.12.2007 ?а331-??, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ?а????????????? ??а??????. ??а?????? ?.а12 ??.а133 ??а?? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ??.а133 ??1 ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????, ?а??? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????????а?? ?а????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??.а133 ?а134 ??????????? ???????? ??а?? ??а???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?.а12 ????? ???????? ??.а133 ??а?? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?а????????? ?????? ??а?????? ???? ????? ????????, ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????????? ??????????а??. ?????? ?? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????а?? ??а???????????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ??а????? ??а??????? ????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????. ?? ???? ????????????? ???????а?? ????? ??а????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??а??? ?????? ????. ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??а?????????? ?а??а?? ????? ?а?????? ???????????????? ???????????, ???а??????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?а?????????? ??а????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ????????, ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????. ???????????1 ? ????????????? ??????? Ф? ??????? ???????????? ?????? Ф?а???????? ????????? ?а?????? 133 ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????╗, ?????? ?а??????????????? ???? ??а?? 17.08.2007 (??. ?а1.1-10159). 278 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??, ????????? ??а??????, ?????? ????????????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??а????????, ?????????????, ??а?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????. ??а????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?а?????? ????????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?????????? ?аДа4 ????????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а??????? ?а???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а?????????????? ??а???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? Ф?????????????╗. ??? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ??а????????, ??????????????? ??.а133 ??а?? ?а???????? ?????? ?? 04.12.2007, ??????? ??а????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????????? ???????????, ???????? ??а????????????? ????????? ?????. ??а????? ???? ?а???? ?????? ??а?? ????????? ?? ????????, ???аФ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ?а????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????а??╗ ??? 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I? ?а??.а133, 134 ??а?? ???а?а??????, ??? ?а?а??????????? ???????? ????? ?а????? ??а???? ??а???????. ?????? ???? ????: ????????? ?????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????279 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? 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(??????? ???????), ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????а?? ?? 27.10.2008 ?а797. ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?а??? ??а??????????. ???? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ?.а12 ??.а133 ??а??, ?????? ??а?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а? ????????????? ??????????. ???, ?а???????????? ?а?.а13 ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????????, ???????? ??а??????? ?????, ?а??? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? (?????????? ??? ?????????????). ? ???????????? ?а?.а18 ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??а????????? ????? ?а?? ???????, ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????????? ??????????а??. ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ?а???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????????? 282 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а??????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????????а?? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????: ?) ?а??????? 1 ??? ???. ??? ????????????, ????????? ???????????? ??? Iа?????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ???-??: ??????????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ?а?.?.; ?) ?а??????? 600 ???. ???. ??а??????? ????????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ???????????? ??? II ?????? ????????????, ??????????? ????????????, ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?.?.; ?) ?а??????? 300 ???. ???. ??а??????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? (?а?????? ?? 10 ?? 60 ????), ??????????? ?????? ??????, ??????, ???????, ????????? ????? ??а?????? ?а??. ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а??????? ?а????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????? ?а?.?., ??а????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????? ???????????, ??а??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????, ??а??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????, ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? (?.?. 2 ??? ???.), ?а???????? ????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????, ?????????????? ??а????????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????????????? ???????????, ?а????? ?? ??????. ??????, ?а???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??а???????? ??????????, ???? ???????? ??а??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????. ?????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??а??, ???????????? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ??а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????: ?а?????? ?????? ?????????а? 2 ??? ???., ?а? ?????? ??????????? ????????а? ?? 2 ??? ???. ????????????: ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ????????? ???????????? ????????? Iа?????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а1 ??? ???., ?.?. ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????, ?а??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????, ???а???? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????283 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а????? ?????? ?а?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????????? 2 ??? ???., ?а????? ?????????, ?????????? ??а??? ????? ?????????,а? ?????? 1 ??? ???.? ? ????? ?а?????????? ??????????????, ???а??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ????????? ???????, ???????? ??а??, ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а??????? 30 ???? ??а??? ????????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????? (?.а14 ??.а133 ??а??). ????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ????????????? ??а?????? ????? ??????????? (?.а15 ??.а133 ??а??). ?????, ?а?????????, ??????? ?а???? ??????????? ???? ??????????а?? ?? 07.07.1992 ?а750 ??а???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а??????? 120 ????. ??? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??а?????????? ????????? (???????, ???????????) ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?а?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ???????, ?а??а?? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ? ???????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а931 ??а?? ??а???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а??????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а????????, ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? (???????????????). ??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????????????, ???а??????????? ??? ????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????? ?а??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? 284 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? (??????????? ?????? ?а?????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ???????, ?а?.?.). ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ??а?а???????? ????????? ?????. ???????? ?.а3 ??.а931 ??а?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? (????????????????????). ???????? ?.а4 ???? ?? ?????? ?а?.а13 ??.а133 ??а?? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ??а????? ?? ??а?????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?а?а???????? ????????? ?????. ? ???????????? ??а??.а934 ??а?? ??а???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ????? (????????? ??????), ???????????? ?????????????, ????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ???????, ???????, ??????? ????????? ?а??а??, ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? (??????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????), ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? (????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???????????????) ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??а???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??а????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (?.а3 ?????) ??? ??????????? ??а??????? (??? ???????). ???????? ?.а4 ????? ????????? ????? ??а????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? 120 ????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? (2 ??? ???.) ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ?а??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ????? ?????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????, ????????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??а???????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????. ?????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?а????? ????? Ф???????? ??????╗ ???????285 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?а???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ???а?? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ?а?? ????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ????????, ???? ??а?????? ????????? ?а??а?? ????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ???а???????, ??а???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ???, ???а??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????1. ??а????? ???? ?а???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а???? ???? ?а???????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????, ??????? ?а???? ???????? ??? ?? ????????????? ?а??????? ????? ??????????. ??а??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? 01.10.1999, ????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? (?????), ??????? ??а???? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????, ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???????????? ???????? (??.а1085 ??а??), ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????? ??.а1088 ??а??, ?а??????? ??а?????????? (??.а1094 ??а??). ????????? ??а??а?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??а???????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????, ?????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????? ??а??????? ????????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а???? ????? ??????? ?а??????, ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??????????, ???а???????, ????? ????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????? ????? ??а??????? ???????? ???????. ???????????? ?а??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? Ф??????????╗, ????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? Ф????????╗, ??а???? ??????????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ?а?????????????? 1 ? ??.: ????????? ?.?. .??????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????а// ?????. 2008. ?а7. ?. 52?55. 286 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?-310 ?а1994а?. ??? ??????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??а????? ???? ?а????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а???????? ?????? ?????? Ф???????????????╗ ??????????? ??а???????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???а??????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ?????????, ?а???????????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? 2 ??? ???., ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а?????-?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???. ?????? ??? ??а???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?а???????????. ??а???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??а??, ??а???????, ????????? ????????, ??а???????????, ?а???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??а????? ???????? ?а????????????? ???????? ???. ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????, ???????? ?а????????????? ????????. ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?а?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??а?? ?????. ?а????? ???????????? ??а????????? ????? ??????, ???а???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?а?????? ????? ??а????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ??а??????? ??????????? ????????????????. ??????, ??????? ?а??? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??а?????????? ??????????1. ??????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?а???????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????????????? ?? ??а????????????? ????????? ?????. ??????? ??а?????????, ???а?? ?????? ????? ?а????? ?????? ???????? ??а?????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ??????? Ф?? ??????? ????╗ ??????? ??а???? ??????????? ?????? ??????, ??????????????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?????1 ? ??.: ???????? ?.?. ?????? ????а// ???????????? ?????????а? ??I ???. 2008. ?а3. ?.а2. 287 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????, ???а??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??а???, ???а?а?????? Ф????????? ???????╗, ???????? ???????. ??????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ?а????? ???????1. ? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????? ???? ?? ????????, ???? ?? ??а?? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???а???? ??????? ?.а4 ??.а3 ?????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ???? ?а??. ?????? ????? ???а??? ?а?? ??????????. ???????? ??а??а???а??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ??а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????а??, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? (?.а6 ?а7 ??.а133 ??а??). ????????? ?????? ??а???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??а????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? (?.а8 ??.а133 ??а??). ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????????, ???????? ?.а5 ??.а133 ??а?? ?а????? ????????, ??а????? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??а?????? ????, ???? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??а????? ???????? ????, ????????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??.а133 ??а?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??а???????????. ?а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. ??? ?????????????? ??????????, ???а?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ??.а133 ??а??, ????? ???а?а??????? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????а?? ?? 27.10.2008 ?а797, ?а????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?а?????, ????? ?а??? ????????? ?а?? ???????1 ? ??.: ?????? ?. ??? ???????? ??????????а// ??-?????.а2005. ?а26. 288 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????а?? ?а????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а??????????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??а?? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ?а????? ???????????? ?? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ?? 14.06.2012 ?а67-?? Ф??а???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????, ????????, ????????? ?????????? ?а? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????╗1 (?.а2 ??.а5, ??.а15). ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? 27.10.2008, ??а??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????а?? ?? 03.06.2013 ?а460. 3. ?????????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а??????? ?, ?а?????????, ?а??????? ???????????? ?????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ?????????2. ?????????????, ???????? ????????????? (??) ?а785/2004 ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ????? ?? 21.04.20043 ?а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?а??????????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? 250?300а???. ??? ??а?????????. ??? ????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ?а???????? ??а????? ??? ????? ??? ?а???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???1 ? ??а??. 2012. ?а25. ??.?3257. ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. P.а24?25. 3 ? Official Journal Lа138/1, 30/04/2004. 2 289 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????. ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????, ???????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????? ????? ???????. ???, ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ???????????, ???а???????, ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?а????? ??????? 125 ???а????. ??? (??????? 250 ???. SDR ?а????????? ??????? ?????????). ??? ???? ???? ??????, ???, ??-??????, ??? ??????? ?а???а???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??а??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?а?????????? ???????????. ??-??????, ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а?????? ?????? (??????? ????????????????) ?????? 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(?????, ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?а??.). ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????????, ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????????, ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а?????а???????? ??? ?а??????? ??а???? ????????? ????? ?а???? ????????? ??????, ???а?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????, ???а?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ?????????, ????, ???? ????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ?а????????1. ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ???????????, ???а???????, ????????? ??? ????? ??а?????????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?а?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?а??????? 60 ??? ???? ?а????. ?а????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? (??.а1079 ??а??) ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???а?????????????? ????????????? ????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ????????1 ? Official Journal Lа138/1, 30/04/2004. 290 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да6. ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??????? ??а????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????а? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ???????? ?а????????????, ?а? ????????? ??????????? ????????????а? ?а??????? ??а????? ?????? ?а?????? ??а????? ??????????. ? 1982а?. ?а??? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ????????????????. ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????. ??? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????. ? ???????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ???????????? ??а?????, ??а??????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ??а?????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????????. ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????? Ф??????? ??????????? ?а???? ?????????? ????????,а? ????? ?.?. ??????? ?а1987а?.,а? ?????? ????????????? ?????, ???а???? ??а???????????? ?????? ??а???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????╗1. ?а????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??а?????? ??????????? ????????? 9-? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?а1953а?. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а?? ???????????????? ????????????? ????? ??а???? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????, ????????? ??а????? ???????????, ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? Ф?????????? ???????╗. ?а????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????????, ??а?????? ?????? ?а????1 ? ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а42. 291 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? III. ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ?а??? ????????????. ?а??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? (?? ??????????? ????? ??????????) ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????, ??а???????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ??а????????, ???????? ?а20-? ????? ???????? ????. ? ????? ?а?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?а???????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????, ??????, ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????. ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ???а??????? ????????, ??а?а???? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????????? ??? ??????? ?а???? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ?а?????? ???????, ?????????? ?а??????????? ????? ????????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ?а????????????????, ??а?а????? ??????. ?а???, ????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????, ??????, ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?аДа1а??. III. ?а????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?а????? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ??????????, ????????? ?а????????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? Ф?????????? ???????╗, ???????????? ????????????????, ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????????, ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????, ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????, ??????????? ?а????? ?а????????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ?????????, ????????, ??.а124?128 ??а??. ?????? ??.а127 ??а?? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??????. ?а?????????, ???а??? ???????????, ???????? ?а2007а?. ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????? ?? ??????, ?????????? ????, ??а???????? ?а???? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????. 293 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? Да1. ????, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?????? 29 ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???, ???а??? ??а?????????????? ?а?? ???????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ???? ???????????. ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? 24 ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????, ??а?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. ?????? 13 (?.а3) ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??????, ??????? ?а?????????? ???а?а????, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????. ??? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????????? (??. Да1а??. III), ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а30 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а3 ??.а36 ???????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ?а???????????а? ?????????? ???????????. ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ??а??????????? ?? ??? ????? (??? ?? ??????????????). ????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????, ??а??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?а????? ??? ?? ????????. ?? ?????? ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???а?????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????????, ??????? ????? ?а?????????, ?а?? ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????а? ?????, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ?? ???, ???а?????????? ??а?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????????????, ?????????????????? ???, ????????, ??.а125 ??а?? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??а??? ?а??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?а????? ??????????, ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ?? ????????, ????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????, ??????? ??а???????? ?? ????????????, ?? ??????????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?а????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??а???????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?а????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? 294 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??.а13 ?а30 ???? ????????? ?, ???а???????, ??а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????, ????, ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????. ?а??? ?а?????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????, ??а??????? ??а??, ???а?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????1. ????? ????? ??????????, ?а?????????, ??а????????????? ?????. ????????, ???а??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ???а??? ?????????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????????? ???????, ??а????? ???? ??а???????? ?а???? ???????? ??????????????. ??а???? ??????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????, ??????????????????, ????????, ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? (??.а125 ??а??), ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? 29 ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??а??, ???а????????? ??а???? ??????? ??а?????????????? ?а?? ???????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ??а???????????? ???? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???????, ??а?????? ?????? ?а???????? ?? ??????????. ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??а?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?а??????, ????????? ??????? ??а?????????? (??.а1088 ?а1094 ??). ????????, ???а?а???? ??????????, ?????????? ?аДа3а??. III ??а?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????. Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? 1. ??? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???, ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???. ??????????? ???1 ? Koning Ingrid. Liability in Air Carriage. Carriage of Cargo Under the Warsaw and Montreal Conventionsа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXIII. ?а4?5. 2008. ?. 335?334; TompkinsаGeorgeаN.,аJr. Liability Rules Applicable to International Air Transportation as Developed by the Courts in United States. From Warsaw 1929 to Montreal 1999. 2010. ?. 224?225. 295 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ??а?????????? ?, ?а?????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ??а????????????? ??????? ??? ??а???????? ???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????????? ??а????????? ??????, ??а????? ??????? ??????? ???. ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????????, ???а??а?????? ??????? ????? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?а???????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????????? ??а?????? ???????????, ??а?а????????? ?а???????????????. 2. ??а??????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????, ??????????? ??а????????? ????? (?? ??а??????), ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а797 ??а??, ??.а124 ??а??). ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?а???????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????. ???????? ?.а4 ??.а124 ??а?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?а????????? ?????? ?????????? (??а?????????? ?????????). ? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?а???????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??а?????????? ?????? ?????????? (??.а161 ????а??). ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??а?????????????, ?????? ??а???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?.а4 ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а4 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ????? ??а???, ??а??????????? ??????? ?????? ??а??????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????. ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???296 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????, ???а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????????. ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??.а26 ?????????? ?????????, ?.а4 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????????? ???????????????? ??а???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??а????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?а????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????, ???, ???????? ??а??????? ??????????? ????????????, ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а??????. ??????? ???? ??????????, ????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? 1924а?. ??а?????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ??а?????? ??а????? ???????, ?а???? ??????? ??????????, ???а???? ??? ????????? ?а??? ?????????, ???а??а?????? ?а???????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ???а??а????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ????, ??????????? ??а??????????1. ????? ????, ?????????? ????????? ??а?????????, ???? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????. ?а??????????? ?????????? ???????-??????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????????2. ??? ?а?????????? ????????????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а??????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?а????????????? ????????????? ????? (?? 90а????). ????? ?????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????, ?а?? ???????? ????? ???? 1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ????????????, 1984. ?.а238. 2 ? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???а?? ?? 13.08.2004 ?а81а// ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????а??. 297 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??а?????????? ????? ???????? ?а????????. ??????? ?.а3 ??.а124 ??а??, ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?а????? (?? ??а??????), ??? ?????????? ??а?????????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ???????????. ????, ?а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????, ?.?. ??????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????? (??????????), ?????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????? (?.а2 ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????). 3. ?????? ?а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?а???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?а??????? 14а???? ?а???????, ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?а???????????? ?????????? (?.а2 ??.а26). ?а?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? 3 ??????????? ???, ?а?????а? 7 ??????????? ????, ?????? ??а??? ?? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? 21 ???, 7 ?а14 ????, ???а????????? ???????????? ?????????? (?.а2 ??.а31, ??.а52). ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????? 45 ????, ?а??????а? 6 ??????? ???????? ??.а126 ??а??. ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?а? ???, ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??????, ???? ????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ???????, ???а??? ???????, ???а????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????, ?а??? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? (????298 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????????). ???а???????? ??а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а26 ?????????? ?????????, ??, ?а?????????, ?а???????, ????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?????? ??а??? ?????????????? ?? ?а??????????, ?? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???, ?а??? ??а???????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????? ???????????? ????? ??а?? ??? ???? ???????. ???????????? ????????? 1924а?. ?а???????????, ???????, ??????, ???а??????????? ????????? ??а?????????, ???? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????, ????????, ????? ?а???? ??????????? ????????????? ????. ???????? ??.а3 (6) ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??а????? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ????????. ??????????? ???? ??а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??а?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а??????1. ????? ???????, ????????? ?а????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????? ??а????? ?а???, ???а?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а????????, ??а????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????, ???аФ??????? ???????????╗. ??а?????? ?? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ??? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ?а????? ????????????, ??а???? ?а?????? ????????? ????? ??а???? ??????? ?????-???? ??????????, ???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??а????? ?????????????. ??а?? ???????? ??????????? ??.а127, ??????????? ?????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ?.а1 ??.а127 ??а?? Ф? ?????? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????, ??????? ????? ??а??? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??а??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??а??? ????????? ?????? ?а?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ??а??? ????????? ?????. ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?а??????? ??????1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.а238. 299 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??а??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?а???????????? ????, ???????? ????? ??а??? ?????????. ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????╗. ?????а??а?????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????????????? ?????, ????????, ???? ??а???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?.а2 ??.а126 ??а??. ???????, ??????, ???????????, ???а????? ?а?????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??а???? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????, ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а127 ??а??, ???????, ???а??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?а????? ???????, ??а????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? (?а?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????? Ф??????╗), ?а? ??????а? ??????? ???????. ????????, ?????????, ?????? ?а?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ?а? ?????? ????????? ????????а? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ?а?????? ?????????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??а??, ???а???? ??а???????????? ????????? ?????? ??а?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????. ??а????? ??а?????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?.а1 ??.а127 ??а??, ???????? ???????? ????????? (???????????), ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????. ?а??а?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?а????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??а?????? ??????? ???? ??а??????????????? (?? ??????????????? ??????????, ????????). ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ??а?????????????? ???????????, ?а?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?а??????, ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ???????? ?а??а?? ???????????, ??а???? ?? ????? ??а??????, ??а???????? ?а?.а1 ??.а402 ???а??, ????????? ????????? ?? ?з????? ???????? ??300 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???. ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??а????????????? ?????????. 4. ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?а?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??.а124 ??а??. ??? ???????????????, ???а?а????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ??? ??????????????? ?а??? ???????????? ????? ??а??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???. ?? ?????????????? ??????????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????, ???????????????? ??? ???????????????. Ф???????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????: 1) ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????; 2) ??????????? (?????) ?????; 3) ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ??????; 4) ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????╗. ?????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а??????????????. ?а??????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????? ?а?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ????????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ?а????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???, ???а???????, ????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ????????? ???????????????? (?? ????, ??????? ?????????) ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????. ?а???????????? ??а??.а108 ?? ???? ?а?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ?а???? ?а??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ????, ?а? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????а? ??????????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??????, ?а????????????? ????. ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??а?????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??а???, ???? ?????? ????????, ???а????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??301 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?а?? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????. ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?а?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? (PIRа? Property Irregularity Report), ????? (CIRа? Cargo Irregularity Report). ??? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? (??????????) ?????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????? (?????), ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? (???????????) ?а??????????? ?а?????????. ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?а??????? 24 ????? ?а??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а???????????. ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?.а5 ??.а124 ??а?? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??а?????? ?????????, ???????????????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??? ????. ????????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??? ???????????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???, ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ??а???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???, ????????, ?а???? ????, ?а???????????? ???, ????????? ??.а124 ??а??, ?????????????? ??а??? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ????????? ????????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ??а??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ????. ?а???? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ??а?? ??????? ????? ?????, ??а?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ??а????? ????? ??а???????????? ???? ?а???????????. ? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ??а?? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????. ???????? ??????????, ???а????? ???302 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????, ?а??? ????? ?а??????????????, ?а????? ?????????? ??????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ??а??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????. ???, ?????-????????????? ????????? ??? (???????????? ??????????? ?? 10.08.2011 ?а33-?12217/2011) ?????????? ?а??????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ??? ??а???????? ?а???????? ???????? ?????, ??а?????????? ??? ????????1. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?а??????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??а??????? ?????-???? Ф??????????╗ (????.а? complaints, ??.а? protestation), ??а?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???а??? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а???????? ????????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????). ????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?а?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????, ???а????? ???????? ??а????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??а????????? ?а??????????????. ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????, ????????? ???????? ??а????? ????? ??а????????? ????????? ?а??????? ?????, ?????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??а????????? ??????????, ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??а???? ??????? ??????????, ?.?. ??а??? ????????? ???????????? ???. ????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? Ф??????????╗, ????????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а?а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?а?.а2 ???? ?? ??????. ?а?????? ?????? ??? ???????? Ф??????????╗ ??????????????? ???????????? ???, ?а?? ?????? ??????а? ??????????? ?????????, ??а????? ??а???????????? ??? 5. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????, ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??а??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??а2011а?. ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?а??? Ф???????????????╗. 303 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? (PIR ?аCIR) ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?а??????, ?а????????? ???? ????????? ??а??, ???а???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??а?????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????. ????? ??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ?а????????? ?а???? ??????????. ??? ???? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??а????? ??? ??????????. ??а?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?а????????????? ???????, ??а??? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ?а??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?а??????, ????????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ?. ??????? ????? ???????, ???а?????????? ??????? Ф??????????╗ ?а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?а?.а2 ???? ?? ??????. ?а?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? (????????) ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????а? complaint ???аreservation (?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????а? Vorbehalt), ?а?? ?????? ?????? ??? complaint ???аnoti?? of loss (Anzeige)а? ??????????? ?????????1. ????? ???????, ???????? ??а??, ???а??а???????????, ?????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ?а?????? ??????? ??.а31 ?????????? ???? ?а??? ?? ?????? Ф??????????╗, ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????????????, ?а???? ???? ???????????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????, ??а???????????, ?а????????? ?????? ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ????, ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?а? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????. ?а?????? ?????? ?.а1 ??.а16 ???????, ??????? ?????????? ???аФNoti?? of claims╗, ?????????? ?????? Фcomplaint╗, ?а?? ??????а? ?????? Фnotify╗. ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??а??????? ??????? ??1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Austin; Boston; Chicago; New York; The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer, 2010. Art. 31-4. 304 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?а??????. ????????? ??а???????? ?????? ???, ????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?а?????????? ?а????? ?а???? ?а???????????, ?а????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???, ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????????, ??а?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а??? ???????? Ф??????????╗ (complaint) ?а?.а1 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???? ???????????? ???. ???, ??????, ??а?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???аФ?????????╗ (Noti?? of claims), ???? ??? ??????? ?а?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ????????????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????, ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?а????????????? (????????????? ????). ???? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ?а???? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????????? ???? (????????, ????????, ?????????), ??????, ?????????????? ??? ????? ??????, ???а????? ??????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?.а2 ??.а31 ???????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ??????1. 6. ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ????? ?а??? ?????? (?????). ???а???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????, ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?? ??????????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?а????????? ???????? ????????2. 1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Montreal Convention. Art. 31-23. 2 ? Guldiman W. Internationales Lufttransportrecht: Kommentar. Zurich 1965. Art. 26, noteа11; Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 31-14, 15. 305 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????, ???а????? ??????? ??а??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??а????????????? ?а???????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????1. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а26 ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? Ф?а?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????????????╗. ??????????, ???а?а?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?а??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ???????? ????? ???? Фavarie╗, Фdamage╗ ??? ????? Ф????╗. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?а?а????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??? ?????? ?????. ??-??????? ?????? ?.а2 ??.а31 ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????: Ф? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????╗ ???? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ??????, ???????????, ??????????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????, ???а????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??а???? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ?а??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?а??????. ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ??????????. ?????? Фavarie╗, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ??????????? ???аФ???????????, ???????, ?????, ??????╗, ???а???????? ???????. ?а??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? Ф??????╗, ?.?. Ф????????????????╗, ?а? ?????а? Ф???????????╗. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????, ??а??? ??????, ????????? ??? ????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ?а??.а17 ?а18 ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? Фdommage╗, ??????? ????????? ?а??????? Фdestruction, pert, avarie╗. ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? Ф????╗ (damage): ФIn case of damage?╗а? Ф? ?????? ?????????? ??????╗ (? ??аФ? ?????? ??????????? ??????╗). ???? ?????????? ?а?????? ??.а17 ?а18 ??????1 ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а187?188. 306 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???, ?????? Фdamage╗ ???????????? ???а??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?а??? ??????????? ??????? Ф???????????╗: ФThe carrier is liable for damage sustained in the event of the destruction or loss of, or damage to cargo (baggage)?╗ ?а????? ??а???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?а??.а31 ???????????? ?????????, ??а????. ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ???а?? ?????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ??а????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??а???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?а??? ??аФ??????╗ ????????? ???????????. ???????????? ?а???????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ????, ??????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???а?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?????? ??а??????? ?а???, ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ??а???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?а??????????????, ??а???????? ?? ??? ?????????, ???????????? ??а????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??а????????? ??а???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???а?? ??????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ???? (??. ??.а26 ???????????? ?????????). ?????? ????? ??????????? ?а???????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??а????????? ??.а29 ?а27 ???????????? ?????????. ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?. ???????. ????? ?????????? ?а??? ????? ??????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??а??????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????? ?а??????, ???? ?а?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ?а?????????, ????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????, ???а??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????1. 1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 31-13-18. 307 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? 31 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а26 ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?а???????? ?а?? ????????. ???????? ??????? ?????, ???а?а?????? ?? ???????????, ?.?. ??????, ?????, ???????????, ??????????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? Ф?????????? ??а??????????? ?????╗. ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ????, ?а???????, ???? ??а??? ????? ?????????? ?а???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ??????????, ?а????? ??????? ?а?????????? ????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?а????? ?а??????? ?????, ??а?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????. ???????? ?.а12.2.4 ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? (?????????) ?а?????????????? ????????? ??? ??а???, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?а????? ??????????. ???????????? ?.а2 ??.а127 ??а?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????: ??а??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????? ??????????, ??а???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ??а??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? (?а???????? ????) ??а????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???а??????? ????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ????? ??? ??????, ??а?????? ????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ??а???. ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?а???????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а???????????. ?????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????????????, ????????????? ?а??? ?? ???????? ????????? ????, ?а????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ?а?????? (??. ????). ????????, ???а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ??а?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??????? ????????? ????????, ????????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??.а27 ???????????? ????????? ?????а?а??? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????-???? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ??????? ?а???, ???а???? ??????? ?а?????????????? ???????? ????, ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?а??????? 308 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ?????, ??а?? ???? ??а??? ??а????????????? ?????-???? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ??а?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ??а?? ?а????????? ????????? ???? ??а?????? ?????? ?????? ?а????? ??? ????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а127 ??а?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?а??????? 18 ???????, ?а????????? ????????? ???? (?.а12.2.4) ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? 120 ????? ??а???, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?а????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??а????, ???а??????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ? ??????? ?????, ???а???????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а?????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????? ????? ?а?????? (?????????? ???????? ????????? ?а??????), ?а?? ?а???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а??? ??????. ?????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?а??????????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ???? ?а?????, ????????? ????????????? ????, ??а????????? ???????? ???? ?а????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????, ???? ??? ????????. ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ??а?? ???????? ??а????????? 21 ???????????? ??? ?а????, ????? ??а?????? ??? ??????? (?.а3 ??.а17, ??.а52 ???????????? ?????????, ?.а154 ????? ?????? ?????????). ?????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????? ??а??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ????? ??? ????. ????, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а13 ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????, ???? ??а?? ?????? ??а????????? ???????????? ????? ??а???, ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?? ???????, ??а??????????????? ??????, ??а????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ?а?????309 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ??, ????? ????????????? ????????? ??а????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ??.а796 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ???? ??а?? ?????? ?а????? ?????????? ??а????????? 30 ???? ?а???? ???????, ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????. ????????? ??.а126 ??а??, ???????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??а???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??а????????? ????? ??? ????????, ??????????? ??а?????, ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????. 7. ??а???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????. ????????, ???а?????????? ???? ??а????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ???а??????????????1. ???, ???????? ?.а1 ??.а126 ??а?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??а???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ?????? ??а???????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????? ?а???????? ????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??а??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ???, ?а??? ?????????? ??????а? ??? ????. ? ????? ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ???, ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????, ?а??????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?а????????????, ???? ????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????. ???????? ?.а4 ??.а31 ???????????? ????????? ?а??.а26 ?????????? ????????? Ф??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????╗. ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?а????? ?????? ??а??????? ???????????. 8. ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??а???????? ?????-???? ?????????????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????, ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????????. 1 ? ??. ?.а28 ????????????? ??????? ???а?? ?? 12.11.1998 ?а18 (??????? ???а??. 1999. ?а1). 310 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да2. ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ???а???????, ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????. ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ??а???????????????. ?а???????????? ??а??.а125 ??а?? ?а?????? ??????, ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????. ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?.а2 ??.а125 ??а?? ?????????, ???а????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ????????????????, ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ?а??? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????а? ????????? ??а?????? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????? (??????????) ?????. ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????. ?а?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? (?????) ????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????. ? ?????????, ????????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ??????, ???????? ?.а2 ??.а125 ??а?? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????, ???а?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??а???????????? ?????????, ??а?? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????. ??????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ??? Ф????????╗ ????????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????????, ??? ???????, ???а?а?????????, ?а????? ?а??????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ??а????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??.а797 ??а?? ????? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а????????? ?????. ???? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??а??? ???????????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?а???????? ????? ??а???????. ????????, ???? ?????? ??а???????? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????? ?????????????. 311 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? 9. ?а?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?а?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?а???. ???????? ??.а29 ???????????? ????????? ??? ?а???????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? (???????, ?????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????), ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????. Да3. ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?а??????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??? ?????? ??а??????????, ??? ??а???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????. Ф??? ??а??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??а???, ?а??????? ???? ??? ?а??????? ???????? ??а??????????, ??? ??а???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ??? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????╗ (?.а1 ??.а35 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а29 ?????????? ?????????). ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???а?? ?????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ?а????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????, ???а????????, ??а????????? (??.а208 ??а??), ??? ?а?? ?????????? ??а????????? ????? ?а??????. ??а?????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ?.а1 ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? (??.а431 ??а??) ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?а???, ???а???? ??????? ???????? ??а????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??а?????? ??????????? ?????. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?аФ??????? ?????????? ?????╗. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а34 ???????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а29 ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ?а???? ??????? ?????????? ???, ???????????? ?????? Ф??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????╗. ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ??.а11 ??а?? Ф?????????? ??????╗. ???, ????????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??а????????? ?????, ???? ??а???????? ??а?????????, ??????????? ???? (??.а193 ??а??), ?а?.?. ?????????? ??.а12 ??а?? Ф??????? ????????╗ ???????????, ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?.а1 ????????? ?????? 312 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да3. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????, ??а??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????. ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??а???? ?а?а????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????, ?????????. ??а??? ??а??????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? 1929а?. ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??а??? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????. ??а?????? ??????, ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??а??????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????, ???????? ?а???????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????? ????? ?????????????? ????????. ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а??????? ???? ?????? ?а????????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????, ??а??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??а???, ???, ????????, ???? ??????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????? 1956а?. (???? ??? ???). ???????? ?.а3 ??.а32 ???? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????. ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????. ? 1952а?. ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??а??????, ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??а???????????, ???????? ?а??? ????????? ?а????? ??????? ???????? ??а?????????, ??а?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??.а21: Ф1. ???а?????, ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???? ???????? ?а??? ???? ?а???? ????????????, ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????. 2. ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????? ????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ???????????? ??а?????? ????, ???????????????? ?????? ???, ?????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ??а???????????? ???? ???????????? ??а????????? ???? ??? ?а???? ????????????, ?а?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????╗. ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?. ??????1. ?а?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????1 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?. ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????: ???????. ???. ? ????. ????. ????. ?., 2009. ?.а25?26. 313 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???а?????????????1. ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?. ????2. ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?а??????????? ??? ?????????. ?а????????? ???????, ???????? ??а???????, ?????????, ???а???? ???? ????? ???????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????????????3. ?а???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????4. ?а??????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???а????????????5. ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??????????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ?.а6 ??.а3 ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? 1924а?. Ф? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?а????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ??а?????????? ?а??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????╗. ????? ??.а3 ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? 1924а?. ????????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????6. ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????, ?????????????, ?а?????????, ??.а33 ???????????? ?????????? ???????1 ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. P.а22; Riese O., Lacour. Prжcis de Droit Aжrien, Paris, 1951. P.а280; Rodiere R. Droit des transports: transports terrestres et aeriens. Paris, 1977. P.а771? 772; Abraham H.J. Das Recht der Luftfahrt: Kommentar und Quellensammlung. K?ln; Berlin, 1960. S.а376. 2 ? Chauveau P. Droit aжrien. Paris, 1951. 3 ? Miller Georgette. Op. cit. P.а310 et seq. 4 ? Beteta Fernando MC99 Statute of Limitation Court?s Interpretationа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXII/4?5 (September 2007). P.380; First Instance Commercial Court No. 7 of Madrid judgment 2/3/07а? [EDJ 2007/20138]. 5 ? Miller Georgette. Op. cit. P.а310?320; IATA The Liability Reporter. February 2006. Vol.а9. P.а20, 22. February 2007. Vol.а10. P.а30. 6 ? ??.: ?????? ?.?., ????????? ?.?. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?.: ????????????, 1984. ?. 143?144. 314 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??, ???а????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??а????? ?а??????????, ??а?????? ??????????? ????? ????1. ??????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ???а??????????????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?а?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????, ??а?? ??????? ????? ??а?????????. ??а??????????? ???????????????? (??.а203а??а??) ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?а????????????? ???????. ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???????, ??а????? ??а???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????????. ???????????? ???? ?а????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а??????????? ?????? (?а?????????, ??????????????? ???? ???а?? ?а???а??). ??? ?????????????? ?.а15 ????????????? ???????? ??а?? ?а???а?? ?а15/18, ??? ???????, ???а???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?а???? ???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?а??? ?а??????????? ?????????????? ???????2. Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? 1. ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????а? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а????? ??а????????? ?????: ?) ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? (domicile); ?) ??а????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????????; ?) ??а?????, ??? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? (??????????, ???????), ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????; ?) ?а???? ????? ?????????? ????????? (?.а1 ??.а28 ?????????? ????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а33 ???????????? ?????????). ????? 1 ??.а33 ???????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????-???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?.а1 ??.а28 ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ????? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??а??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ????? ?а?????? ??????????????????? ????????. 2. ?????? ??а????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??а??????, ???? ?а???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 35-20. ? ????????? ??а??. 2002. ?а1. 2 315 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????. ??????? Фdomicile╗ ???????????? ?а??????????, ??????????? ?а?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??а?????? ????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? Ф????? ?????????? ???????????╗, ???, ??а??? ??????, ???????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?а????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? Ф????? ??????????╗, ?.?. ?а?.а3 ??.а33 Фb╗ (??. ??а???? ????). ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?.а3 ??.а33 b) ??? ?????????? ??????? Фdomicile╗1. ?????? ??а??????? ????????? ?аФ?????? ??????????╗ ????? ????? ?а?а???????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ????????, ???? ???, ??????? ?а??. ?????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????????? ???? ?а??????????????? ??а????????? ????, ???а??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????, ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????? (siege social)2. ???????? ????????, ??а??? ??????, ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??.а28 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а33 ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????????????? ??а??а????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ?а?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. 3. ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ?а??????????????? ????????? ???????????????, ?.?. ??а????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? (siУge principal de son exploitationа? ??., principal place of businessа? ????.). ? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ???а??? ???????????, ???а???????????? ????, ????? ???? ?????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????, ??? ??????????, ???????? ??.а54 ??а??, ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. 4. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?а??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? 1 ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 33-11. ? Unmack ?im. Op. cit. P.а278; Miller Georgette. Op. cit. P.а301, 229, 227; Giemulla E., SchmidаR., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 33-11. 2 316 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????, ???????, ?????????, ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??а?а????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????????, ??а??? ???????, ???а??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ?а??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??а????, ???а????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ?а???????? ?а??????????? ?а????????????. ?а1975а?. ??? ????? ???????? (???) ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ??? ?а?????????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??? ??????? Ф?? ??????? ?????????????╗, ????????????? Ф??? ????????╗, ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????1. ? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????, ???а?а??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? Фplace of business╗ ?а??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????????, ?а??????? ??????????? ??????? Ф???????????╗, Фetablissment╗. ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????, ??а???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??аФ??????? ?????????????╗, ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????-?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??а????? ??????? ??????????, ?.?. ?а????? ?????? ????, ??? ?а??????????? ??? ?? ?????????????????, ?? ?????????. ????? ?????? ???????????? ?а ????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ???а??а??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????2, ??????? ?а?????? ?????? ??а????????? ??а?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????? ?а????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??а????????????? ????????? ??????. ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??.а33 ???????????? ?????????, ??а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а????, ???а?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??1 ? Vergara v. Aeroflot, 13 Avi. 17,866 (D. Neb. 1975). ? ??.: ??????? ?.?. ???. ???. ?.а189; Tillery W. Airline Liabilityа? Warsaw Conventionа? US District Court of Southern of California Holds That The Passenger May Bring Suit in US Because it?s KLM?s ФPlaice of Business Through Which the Contract Was Made╗: Polanski v. KLM. ? JALC. Vol.а71 (2006), 91. 2 317 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?а?а????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????????. ?а???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????1. ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ???????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?а??????????2 ?а???????? ??? ??а?????? ???? ?????, ???а???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? Ф????? ??????????╗ ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??а?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?а???????? (??. ????). 5. ????????? ??а??????? ????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?.а1 ??.а33 ???????????? ?????????, ???????? Ф??? ????? ??????????╗ ?????????. ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??а?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????3. ????? ???????, ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????, ??а??????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???а???????, ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ?а????? ???????????. ????????, ???а??? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ???????. ???? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????, ??а????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??а????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????? ??а???????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??а???????????? ?а????? ???????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?а ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??? ????? ???????, ????????, ??????? ?а???: Klosаv.аPolskie Linie Litnicze. ?а2007а?. ?а??? ????????? ???????? ???????, ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????4. 1 ? Tillery. Op. cit. ?. 91. ? Giemulla E., Schmid R., Muller-Rostin W., Dettling-Ott R., Margo R. Op. cit. Art. 33-17, 18. 3 ? Unmack ?im. Op. cit. p. 278; Carthy vаEast African Airways Corp., 13 CCH Avi 17385 (1974, SD NY); Duff v. Varig Airlines, Inc., S.A., Illinois Appellate Court, 22 Avi, Rollo, 186, 1989. 4 ? Baah v. Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd., 473 F.Supp. 2d 591, 596?97 (S.D.N.Y. 2007); Tompkins G.N., Jr. The Montreal Convention and the Meaning of ФDestination╗ in Article 31 (1)а// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXII/3. 2007. P.а224?226. 2 318 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ??а???????? ?а????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?а??????? ????? Ф? ???? ????? (????? ????? ??а????? ????????? ??а??????? ??????? ?????? Ф???? ?а???????╗). ????? ???????, ??????????? ???? ??а????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ?????? ?а??????? ??а?????????? ??????. ? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?а??????????? ??? ??????????? ?а????? ??????????? ??а?????????, ?, ????????, ???????????? ????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ?а?????, ????????????? ???????????. ?а????????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??а???. ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ?????????, ????, ????????, ????????? ??а?????????????. ????????????? ?а???? ????? ??????????, ????, ????????, ????????, ??????? ????? ??а???????? ??????а? ???????а? ??????, ??а?????????? ???????????? ?а????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????. ??? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???. ????????, ???а?а???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?а????????? ???????, ????????? ?а?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?а??? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ?.?. ?????????. ?а????? ?????? ??? ????? ???-????. ????? ?????????? ???, ??????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????, ????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?а??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?а??????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??а??? ??????, ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?а??????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ?а??? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ???а?а?????????, ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ?а????????? ??а????? ?а???????????? ?а?.а3 ??.а3 319 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? Ф???????? ????????????????? ?????╗, ??а???????????, ??а????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?а???????????. ??????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????, ???????????? ??а????????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ??а????????? ?????????, ??а?????? ?а??? ?????? ??а???????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ??????? ???????, ?а?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ??? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а?????? ??а???????, ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????, ???а?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?а??????????? ???? ?.а???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?а???, ?а????? ?а?????????????? ??????1. 6. ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?а????????, ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?а????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? (??? ?????????? ????? ??????????) ?а????????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?а??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а33 ???????????? ????????? Ф? ????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??а??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а????? ??а?????... ??а?????????? ???????????-?????????, ?а??????? ???????? ??а?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????╗. Ф???????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????╗, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а33 ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ???? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????1 ? Guerreri G. WPH 139. Claims: Forums. Case Law Digestа// Air & Space Law. Vol.аXXXII/1 (February 2007). P.а80. 320 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ??????????? ????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????????. ????? ??????????? ?а????????? ?а?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????, ?а?а?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????????, ???????? ??????????? ??а????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ???а??? ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??а??????? ???????, ?????????? ?а?????? ?????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????, ???????????? ????? ????????? ??а???????????? ???? ??а????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????. ??-??????, ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??а????? ?????? ???????? ??а????????????? ??????????, ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????. ??а???????? ?а????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????? (code-sharing)1, ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????2 ?а?.?. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????????. ??-??????, ?а??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??а?????????? ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????????. ????? ???????, ?а????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????? ????????? ?а???????????? ???????, ??а???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ?, ???а?????????, ??????????????? ????????. ?????? ?а???? ?????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????????? ??? ??? ?а???????????. ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а?? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ?а??1 ? Franklin Mark. Code-Sharing and Passenger Liabilityа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXIV. ?а3. 1999. P.а128?131. 2 ? ??????? ?.?. ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????а// ????????????? ????????? ?????. ??. 2. ?., 1981. ?. 79?93. 321 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????1. ?а???? ??????? ???? ??а??????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?а?? ?? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а?????????, ????????? ??а?а??????????????????, ?а????????????? ?а?????????????? ??????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????????-??????? ?????? ???????????????. 7. ?а???????????? ??????????? (??. Да1а??. III) ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??а????????. ?????? ??.аVIII ?????????????? ?а?????????????? ??.а46 ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????: ??? ?а????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ????????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??а???????????? ?а???? ??????, ??? ?а???? ??? ?? ????, ?? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ??а???????????, ????????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????, ?а??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ????????. 8. ?????? 32 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а34 ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? (?? ??а????????? ?а??? ??????) ?а???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??а?а????, ?а? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????. ??-??????, ??? ?????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????; ??-??????, ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????; ?, ?-???????, ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?.а4 ??.а33 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а28 ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???. 1 ? Whalen Thomas J. Op. cit. ?. 21?22. 322 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? 9. ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??.а28 ?????????? ????????? ?а??.а33 ???????????? ????????? ??? ??а????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ??????????? ???. ?. ???? ??? ?а?????? ??????? ??а????, ???а????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???? Ф????? ??????????╗, ??????????? ??а??а???????????, ?а??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????, ??а?? ??а?????????? ??? ?????? ???????????. ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ???????????, ??? ????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????1. ?а?????????, ??? ?????????? Ф???????╗ ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??а????, ???а???? ??а?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? (Ф????? ????????????╗) ???????????? ???????????????, ??а??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??????? Ф???????╗ ?????????? ?????????? ????????????2. ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ???????????, ???а?а??????????? ?????????????. ??а????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а???, ???а??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?а????????????? ???????????????, ?а?? ????????????? ???????????. ????? ???????, ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???а??? ???????????, ??? ?а??? ??? ?????????, ???а???????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???????????, ?а??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?а???????? ?????, ????????????? ???????????, ?а?????????????, ???????????? ?? ?????. ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????, ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а?а?????? ??????, ??а???????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?а??????????? ??????, ?????????? ??а???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????3. 1 ? Unmack ?im. Op. cit. ?. 279; Abnett v. British Airways [1997] 1 All E.R. 193; Smith v. Canadian Airlines Ltd. 452 F.2d 798 (1971). 2 ? ??., ????????: Eck v. United Arab Airlines, Inc., 360 F.2d 804, 810-11 (2d Cir. 1966); 8аAvi. 18,180 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. App. Div. 1964), rev?d, 9 Avi. 17,364 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1964). 3 ? Miller Georgette. Op. cit. P.а294. 323 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ?. ???? ???, ????????? ?.а4 ??.а33 ???????????? ????????? ?а?.а2 ??.а28 ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???, ??????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ?а??????? ?????? ????? ????????? Ф??????????, ????????????? ????╗ (forum non convenience). ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ?а????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?а???? ???????????? ????. ??а???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????????, ???????? ??????? ?, ???а?????????, ????????????? ???????? ????????1. ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??а?????????? ?а?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??а??????????? ???? ??????????? ??а???????????? ??????????. ?????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????, ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????2. ????????? ??? ?а1999а?. ??а???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???а??а???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?а??????? ????????????? ?а????? ?????????. ?а?????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ?а? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?аФ????? ??????????╗, ???а???? ???????? ?а????????, ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ?а????? ??? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а???? ??????. ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?а???????????3. ?????? ???? Hosaka v. United Airlines, ??а???????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? Фforum non convenience╗, ???????? ???? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????? ???. ?а2009а?. ????????????? ??? 11-?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ???? ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????, ?а????? ?а??????????? ????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??1 ? Feng Zhen Lu v. Air China International Corp. (US DC EDNY, 1992; 24 AVI 17,369 1992-5). ? Unmack ?im. Op. cit. p. 412; Milor SRL v. British Airways [1996] 3 All ER 537. 3 ? Tompkins G.N., Jr. US Supreme Court Declines to Review Hosaka v. United Airlines Caseа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXVIII/3 (June 2003). P.а193. 2 324 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????-737 ???????????? Ф???? ???????? ???????╗ (???????????? ???????????). ??????? ???????? ?????? ??а?????? ??а?????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????1. ?а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?. ???????????? ????? ???????2 ?а????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ???????????? ??а????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ???????????. (????? ????? ????? ?????, ?а?????????, ?а????? ?а??????????????? ???????? ?-310 ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?а1994а?.) 10. ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?а???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а????????????, ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ??а???? ????? ??????????. ????? ????, ???????? ?.а3 ??.а30 ???а??, ????????????? ?????? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????, ?а???????? ?а????????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? (??.а32 ???а??). ??а?????? ???????????????? ????а?? (??????????? ?? 20.06.2006 ?а170-??), ????????????? ??????? ????????? Ф?? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ???, ?????????????а??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????╗. ?????? ???????? ??а?? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??а????????? ????? (?.а3 ??.а124). ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а?? ???????, ???а??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а???????????? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ?????а??а???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??а???????? ??а?????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ??? ????? ?а?????? ???? ????????????. ????????????? ??????? ??а?? ?? 29.09.1994а?. ?а7 ???? ?????????????? ????? ??а?????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?а?????? ?????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗. ???????? ????? ?????? 1 ? Tompkins G.N., Jr. Report from the United Statesа// Air & Space Law. Vol. XXXV/1а(2010); Pierre-Luis v. Newvac Corp., 584 F.3d 1052, 1056 (11th Cir. 2009). 2 ? International Air Transport Association. The Liability Reporter. Condon & Forsyth LLP, New York, Los Angeles. February 2007. Vol.а10. P.а27. 325 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ????? IV. ???????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????. ???? ?а?????? ???? ?????????? ???а???????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??а?????? ?????, ??-??????, ?а??? ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? (???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????????а? ??? ??????????). ???? ??? ?а??????????? ???????? ??а???????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????????????, ??а????? ???? ?????????? ?а??? ??а????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????????????. ????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ?а????? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? (??.а17 ?????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗), ?.?. ??а????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??? ?????????. ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??а?? ??????????? ??????????? ??а?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?а????????????? ?????????? ?.а5 ??.а29 ???а??. ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????, ???? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?а?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ?????? ?а??? ??а????? ??? ??????????, ?а????? ????, ?а?? ????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??а??.а800 ??а??, ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?а???????? (??.а59 ??). ???а?? ?а?????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а?? ??????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??а??????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??????????? (??.а38). ?????? ??????????, ?а?????? ??? ???????????, ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ?а?????????? ??????. ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а??????????? ??а?????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??а??, ???а?????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ?а?????? ????? ??????? Ф?а?????? ???? ????????????╗, ?а????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? 326 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ Да4. ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ????, ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ?????????, ????????, ???????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? (?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????). ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?а??? ??????. Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ?а????????? ?а???????????????? ?? ????????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?а?????? ???????? ????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?а???????????? ?а???? ?????????? ??а???? ?????????? (??????, ????????) ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ??а???????????, ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????, ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????. ???????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ?а??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а???????????. ??????? Ф????????? ?????????╗, ?????? ??.а96 ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ??а??, ???а??? ?????? (??????? ???????????) ??а???????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ????????, ???? ????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???а???????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? (?.?. ?а?????? ?????????? ????????). ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????, ??а??????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?а???? ????????? ????????. 328 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??а????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????, ??-??? ???????? ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??????? ??а????, ???а?????????, ??????????? ??? ?? ????????, ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??.а5 ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ?а????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?????????, ?а????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?а??.а96 ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?а????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ????? (??????). ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? (????????? ??????) ???????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??а?? ??а?????????????? ??а?????? ???????????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??а???????. ??а????? ??????? ??????а? ??????? ????????? ????. ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??а???? ??? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??а????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????? ???????? ????????, ??а?????????? ?? ???? ???, ???а???????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??а?????? ??????, ??а?а??????????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??а??, ??? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????, ??а?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ??а?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????, ?? ????????? ?а?????????? ??а?????? ???????????. ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?а??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????: ??????? ????????? ?а?????????? 329 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?а???????????? ????????? (??????? ????????? ?????????). ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а?????, ??а?????????????? ???????? ???????????, ?а????? ??????????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????. ????? ??а????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????? ??????????, ??.а104 ??а??, ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ???????? ?а??????????????????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??а???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????. ??а????, ????? ???а?а? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? XVI ??а?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???а????????????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ?????, ??а???????????? ????????? ????? ??а?????????? ?а?а??????????, ????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?а????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а??????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?а??????????? ??? ?а???????????? ?????????. ?????????????? ????????????, ?????? ??а???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?а??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????, ??а????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ??????. ??? ??а????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????????, ?а?а????????? ??????????. ? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??.а40 Ф?????????╗ ?а??.а41 Ф???????????? ??????????╗ ??а??, ?.?. ????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?а??????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????? ??а????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?а???? ?????? ??а??, ??????? ??а???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?а???? ??? ????????????? ????? ???а??????? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??а?????? ??? ??????????????????. ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ?а???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ??а?????????? ??.а785, 330 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? 786 ??а?? ?а105 ??а??. ?????????????? ??а??????????? ?а??.а162 ??а?? ?а???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ????????? ?а??.а105 ??а?? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?а????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?а??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??а?? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а?а????? ?а???? ??????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????????????????? ????????. ????? ??? ??а??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ?????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. ?а??????????? ????? ??а??????????? ???????? ??????? ?а???????? ???????????? ?а??а??, ??а?? ?а????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ???????, ????????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????????, ???????, ?????????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ????????, ?????????, ??????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??а????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????, ??а????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ???а??.а58 ??а??, ???????? ??????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?а??????, ?????? ?а???????. ??? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ??? ????????? ??а???? ???????????. ??????????????? ??.а107 ?а?.а3 ??.а85 ??а?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?а??????? ??а?? ?а???????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ???а????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?а??????? ???????? ???????? ?а????? ??а??. ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??а???????????? ???????????? ????????, ????????, ????????? ?????331 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???а??? ????? ??а????????????? ????? ?? ????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????, ????????????? ??а?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??а?????????. ? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???а????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ??а??????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????. ?????? ????????????? ???? ???а?????? ?????? ??????????-???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??а????????. ??а????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????, ???? ??а?? ??????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????, ????????????? ?????? ?????, ?а????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????. ???? ??????????? ???а????????? ??? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ?????? ????????? ?а??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ?а?????. ??????? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??а????? ????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ?а???, ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??а???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ??а??????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ?а?????, ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?? ???????????, ????????? ??а??? ????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? (?? ??а??????) ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?а??? ???????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ????????????????? ?, ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????????, ?а????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ?а? ??????а? ???????? ????? ?????????, ?????, ????????? ?? ????????????. 332 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??а?? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ??а????, ??а?а?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?а?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????, ???а???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?а??????????????. ?????? ??????????? ??а?? ??а????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??а??, ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????-????????? ?????????????. ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? (? ??а???????????) ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? (????????? ??? ????????) ??? ??????? ???? ????????????. ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ?а????????? ???????????????, ???????? ??????? ?а????????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?а????? ??????. ?????? 20 ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ?а??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а??? ????, ?а??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? (?????), ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???а????????????????, ??? ?а?????????. ?а????? ?а???? ?????????? ?а??.а20 ???????????? ????????? Ф???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????╗, ??????????? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????? (???????????) ?а?? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????, ????????, ?а?????? ??.а1098 ??а??, ?.?. ?????????? ?????-???? ????????????? ????? ?а???????. ????????? ????????? ??.а20 ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ?? ??.а21 ?????????? ?????????, ????? ????????????, ?а?? ????? ??а???????? ??????? ?а??????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?а?????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ??.а1083 ??а??. ????? 3 ?.а2 ???? ??????, ??????? ??а????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ????? ?а????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????? ??а??????????, ??????????? ??а?????. ?????? ?а??? ?а???? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?а???? ?????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?.а2 ??.а1083 ??а?? ?а????????????? ??????? ?????? ?а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ??????? ??.а20 ???????????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????? ?а?????? ?а???????? ??? ???????333 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ?а?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????????????. ???????? ?.а2 ??.а404 ??а?? Ф???? ?????????╗ ??????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?а???????, ????? ??????? ?а???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ??а???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????. ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ?а?????????????? ???????? ?????. ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а????????? ?а??? ??????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???а?а?????????????, ??? ?а?? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?а?????? ????????????? ?????, ?????????? ??? ????????? (?????? ?????), ???????? ?а?????????????, ?????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ??????. ?а????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а?????????, ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ??? ??а????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?а???????. ????? ????, ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а????????? ??а?????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??.а119 ??а?? ?а???? ?????? ?а??????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??а????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ????? ???????????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????? ?а??????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ?а????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????, ???а???????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ????? ?а????????? ??????). ?? ????????? ????? ?а??????, ???????? ??а????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????, ?????????????????? ???????, ??а????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??а?????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????334 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?а???????? ??? ?????????. ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????, ??а?? ????? ??????????? ?а?а?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ??а??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???. ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?а????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??а????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??а??????? ???????????????????? ????? (?.а3 ??.а401 ??а??) ?а?а????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (??.а15, 393 ??а??), ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??а???? ???? ?? ?а??а??, ?? ?а??а?? ??а??????????. ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????. ?????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ??а??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??, ???а?????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????, ????? ???а?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ?а???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??а?а??????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ??а??????????????? ?а????? ?а???? ?????-???? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?а??? ?? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?а????????? ??а?? 1997а?. ?а??????????? ?а???? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?. ???????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????????. ?а?????????? ????????? ???????????????? (??) ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????, ?????? ?а?????? ?????, ?а????? ???????????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??а??????????????? ?????-???? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????. 335 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ????? ?а??????, ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????. ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?а????????, ???а?????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ?а?? ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???? ?????? ?а????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??а?? ??а????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ????? ?а????? ?????????? ????? ?а??????? 25% ?? ???? ??а?????? ??? ?????????, ??а?? ????? ??? 50% ????????? ????? ?а???? ????? ????????? ??а?? ?а????????? ??а???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??????, ??а??????????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ????? ??????, ???а???????????????????, ??? ?а?????????????????????, ??????? ?????? ????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?а????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ?а???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?а????? ??а?????????? ???? ??????, ???а?????? ???????????? ?а??????? ????????????. ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?а?????? ??а?????????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а??????, ?а????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ???????? ????? (??????) ??? ????? ?????????????????? ?а??? ???????? ?а??????? ???????????????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?а?????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??а?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?а???????????? 336 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? (?????????) ??а?????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ????? (??????). ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ???а???а??? ????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а??? ?????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?а???? ??????????????? ??а?? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????. ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а??????, ?а??????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????, ???????????? ??? ?? ?????????, ?а???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??, ???а?? ?????? (???? ??а????????, ???? ??? ?????) ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?а?????, ?????????????? ???????????а? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ?а???????? ?????????, ??????????? ?????, ??????, ??????????????? ?? ???????? ?а????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????????. ? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ??а?????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а???????? ???а?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?а?????? ?????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? (accident), ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????? ??а????, ???а??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????? Ф????????????╗, ????? Ф?????????? ??????╗ ????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ???????????? ??а?????????. ?????????? ???????? ??а??337 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ??????, ???????, ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ????????? ?а?? ?????? ???????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????, ??а?????? ??????, ?????? ??????????????? ???а???? ??а????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ??а?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? (??????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ?????), ??????? ??????? ??а?????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?????????а?? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???а????? ???????, ??????????????? ?а?????????? ?????. ??а?????? ???????????, ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?а??????????????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????, ???????? ?а????? ????????????? ?????????. ???????? ?а2008а?. ??????????????а?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??а??, ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?а??????????? ????????????, ?а????? ??а????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ????????????-???????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ??а?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????????? ?а????????? ????? ?а?????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????, ??????? ????????????, ??а??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??а?????????????? ?????????. ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ??а????? ????????????, ??????????, ?????????????????? ??? ????????????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ??????, ?а???????????? ???? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. 338 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? * * * ??????? ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ?????????. ? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?а?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ?а????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? (???????????? ????????? 1999а?.), ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ??????????, ?а?? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а???????? ????????? ?????????, ??а??????????????? ??????????? ?а?? ??????????? ???????? ?а?? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????, ???????? ????? ???????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??а???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????. ??????????????? ????????? ??а?? ?????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????-???????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????? ?а????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?а????????? ???? ????????? ??а?? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?а???????????? ????? ?а??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????-????????????? ???????????????? ?а????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ??а?????????? ??????????? ????? ???а??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????. 339 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?а?????? ??а?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????. ????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????-???????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?а??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?а?????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????? ??????????????? ???????. ???????????? ???? ??а????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а??????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????-????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ???а????????????, ??? ?а?? ?????????. ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????, ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????, ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ????????????. ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????: ? ?а??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????; ? ?а???????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?а?????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????, ??????? ????? ??а???????????; ? ?а????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?а????????? ??а??????????? ???? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?а?????????????? ?????????????. ????????????? ?а?? ??????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?а???????? ????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??а?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ?? 19.11.2009, ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?а??????? 340 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?а?????? ????? ?а????????? ?? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?а??? ?????, ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????. ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????????, ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а???????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ????? ?а???? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??а?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ??а?а???????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?а??????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?а??????, ????, ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ????? ???????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?а1929а?. ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? (?????????? ?????????), ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????? ????? ?????????? (????? 150). ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????, ??а??????????? ??а???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?а????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?а????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????. ?а??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?а??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а?? ???????? ???????????? ?а??????? ??????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????, ???????, ??а??????? ?????????????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??а???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?а?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ??? ??а?? ?????? ?????????????? ????????, ?а??а???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?а???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???341 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????, ????????????? ?а???????? ?а70-? ?????. ? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?а?????? ?????????, ???а?????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а??? ????????? ?а???????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ????????????. ??? ?а?? ?????????? ?а???? ????????????? ???????? 1971а?. ?а???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а3 ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а4а? ?????? ??????. ? ? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? 1971а?. ???????????? ??.а17 ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? (event) ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????/??????? ?????????, ?а?? ????????????? (accident). ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?а?????????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??а????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????-???????????? ????????, ??а????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????, ?а?????????, ????????, ??а??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ? ????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????-???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? Ф?????? ????╗ (personal injury) ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? Ф???????? ???????????╗ (bodily injury) ???????????? ????????? ?а?????????? ??а??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????????????????? ??????, ??а????????? ?а???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????????. ? ???????????? ???????? 1975а?. ?а4 ??????????????, ???а?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????, ???? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а?????????? ????????????? ?а??? ?????????????. ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????, ???а????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? 100а???. ???, ????? ???а???????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?а?? ????? ????????? ?? 250а???. ?? 300а???. ??? ??а??????? ?????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1999а?. ?????????? ?а?????????????? ????????????????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ?а?? ???????????? ???????? ??342 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ??а????????????? ????? ?а?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?а?а???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??а?????? ?????????, ??а?а??????? ?????? ??????????. ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?а?????, ????, ??? ??????????, ????????? ??????????? ?а???????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??а????????, ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ??а?? ??????????? ????????? ?а????????????, ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а????? ?а???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ??а????? ?????????. ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ???????. ? ????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?а????????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????: ? ????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????; ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?а???????; ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????; ? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????????, ????????????? ??а?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????????? ??????? ???????; ? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???????, ?а?? ?????????а? ?а??????,? ?а????? ???? ??????????а? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. 343 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? 1999а?., ?а??????? ?а????????? ????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????-????????????? ??????? ?????? ??I ?. ????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??а??????? ?а??????????????? ??а??????????? ????? ??а???????? ???????????????, ???????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ??????? ??а??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??а??????????? ????? ???????????????. ? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??а????????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ??а????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????????, ???а???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?а??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????, ???а???????, ?????? ?????????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????, ?а???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ??а????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ?????. ??????, ???а?а?????? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? 14.06.2012 ?а67-?? 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Ф?????????? ??????????╗, ?а?????? ????????? ?а??? ?????????? ?а???? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?а????????? ?а??? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??а?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а??????, ?а???????????? ?а?????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а?????? 7 ??????? 1944а????, ?????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??а?????????? ???????????? ?а??????????? ????????? ??????, ????366 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а?????????????: ????? I. ????? ????????? ?????? 1 ????? ?????????? 1. ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????, ?????????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????. 2. ????????????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?а????????? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ???? ??а?????????? ???? ??????????-??????????, ???? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ???? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??а???????? ????????????-??????????. ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ??а??????????????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ???а?????????????. 3. ?????????, ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????, ?а????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???а???? ????????, ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????, ?а??? ??а?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?а???? ????, ???а???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????. 367 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? 4. ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?а?????????, ????????? ?а????? V, ?а?????? ?????????? ?а??? ???????. ?????? 2 ?????????, ??????????? ????????????, ? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????? 1. ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а??????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ??????????? ????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 1. 2. ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а????????? ???????????????. 3. ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??а??????????? ?а????????? ???????? ???????????. ????? II. ???????????? ?а??????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ? ?????? ?а????? ?????? 3 ????????? ?а????? 1. ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????: a) ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?а??????????; b) ???? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ?а???? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ??а??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????. 2. ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а?????? 1, ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ?а???? ??????. ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? 368 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????? ????? ???????. 3. ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ??а?????? ????? ??????????????????? ??????. 4. ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?а????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?а??? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?а??? ????????. 5. ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??а??????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ??а????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ?????? 4 ???? 1. ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. 2. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????????, ??а??????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ??а????, ??????????? ???????? ???? ?а???????? ?????? ?а??????????, ???????????? ?а??????, ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? 5 ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ??? ????????? ??а???? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а???? ????????: a) ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?а??????????; b) ???? ?????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????? ?а???? ?? ???????????-?????????, ?а???? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ??а?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ??а??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????; ? c) ???????? ???? ????????. 369 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 6 ????????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а???????????, ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?а???????????? ???????????????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ?????. ????????? ????????? ??а??????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??а???? ????????????, ???????????? ??? ???????????????. ?????? 7 ???????? ???????????? ????????? 1. ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а???? ????????? ???????????. 2. ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? Ф??? ???????????╗ ?а????????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? Ф??? ??????????╗ ?а????????????? ???????????? ?а????????????. ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??а???????? ?????. 3. ??????? ??????????? ?а??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????. 4. ????, ??а??????? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??а?????????? ???????????????, ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ???а??????????? ?? ????? ???????????. ?????? 8 ???????????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????: a) ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????; b) ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??а????, ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 4. 370 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 9 ???????????? ?????????? ?а????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? 4?8 ??а??????????? ????????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????, ??? ??а?????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ?????? 10 ??????????????? ??а???????????? ???????? ? ?а???????????? 1. ??????????? ???????? ??а???????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?а????????? ??а???? ??? ??? ????????? ?а??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 4. ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?а??????, ????? ????, ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????, ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????. 2. ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ??а????? ????, ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. 3. ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????? 1 ?а2 ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ??а????? ????, ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?а?????????, ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?а????????? ??а???? ??? ?а??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 4. ?????? 11 ????????????? ???? ???????????? 1. ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????, ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ?а??????? ?????????, ????????? ?а???. 371 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? 2. ????? ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ?а????????? ??а???? ?а????, ???????? ?а???????? ?????, ?а????? ?а????? ????, ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????; ?????? ?а??????????, ?????? ?а????????? ????? ??а?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????, ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?а??????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? 12 ????? ????????????? ? ?????? 1. ??????????? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????????, ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ?а????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ??? ?а???? ????????? ?а????? ?????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?а?????? ??? ?а?????? ?????????? ??? ?а???? ????????? ????? ????, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?а???????? ???????????. ??????????? ??а?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ?????????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????. 2. ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??а????. 3. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?а????????? ???????????? ??????, ??а?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????, ??а??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??а????, ???????? ????? ???????? ?а???????????, ??????????????? ??а????? ????, ??????? ????? ???? ?а????? ?а???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????. 4. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?а??? ??????, ?????, ???????? ?????? 13, ????????? ????? ??????????. ??????, ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?а??? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????????. 372 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 13 ?????? ????? 1. ?? ??????????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? 12, ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????, ?а??????? ???????? ????? ?а????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????? ?????????. 2. ???? ??а????????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а???????? ?????. 3. ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??а?????? ??а????????? ???????????? ????? ??а???, ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ?????, ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????. ?????? 14 ????????????? ???? ??????????? ? ?а?????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????, ??????????????? ?? ???????? 12 ?а13, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ????, ????????? ?? ??а?а????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?а????????? ???????, ??а??? ??????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 15 ????????? ????? ???????????? ? ?а??????????? ? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? 1. ?????? 12, 13 ?а14 ??а??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????????, ???? ?? ??????????. 2. ????? ????????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? 12, 13 ?а14, ?????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??а????. 373 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 16 ???????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? 1. ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??а????? ????, ??????? ???????? ?а?????????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ??а??????????? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??а???? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????. 2. ?????????? ??а?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?а????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????. ????? III. ??????????????? ??????????? ? ?а??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? 17 ?????? ?а???????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????? 1. ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ???????, ???а????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??а????? ????? ???????? ??а??????? ??? ???????. 2. ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????, ???а??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ??а????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ???????, ?а??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ??а????? ???????????????, ???? ?а?а??? ????, ?а????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ??? ??????. ?а????????? ????374 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ????? ???????????????, ???? ???? ???????? ??а??? ???? ??? ??а???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????. 3. ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????????????? ????? ??а???????? ??а????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?а????, ????? ??а?????? ??? ???????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??а????????? ?а??????????? ?????, ?????????? ??а???????? ?????????. 4. ?а????????? ????????? ?????? Ф?????╗, ????????? ??а????????????? ????, ???????? ???а?????????????????? ?????, ??? ?а???????????????????? ?????. ?????? 18 ??????????? ????? 1. ?????????? ???????? ??а????, ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???????, ???а???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ?????? ?????????? ??а????? ???????????????, ???? ?а?а??? ????, ?а????? ??а???????, ???а???????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????: a) ????????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ??????; b) ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????; c) ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????; d) ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?а??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ?????. 3. ????????? ????????? ??а?????? ?????? 1 ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????, ?а??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????. 4. ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?а????? ????????, ?????? ??? ??????????, ????? ????, 375 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??а?????????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ????? ??а????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??а?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??а???????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????-???? ?????? ????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 19 ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ??а???????, ???а?? ?а??? ????????? ?а???????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ?а????, ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???а??? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? 20 ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ???а???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????, ?????????? ??????????, ??? ????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ????? ???????????, ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ???? ?????, ??? ????????, ?а????? ??а??????? ??? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?а??? ????, ?а????? ??а???????, ???а???????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????. ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??а??????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? 1 ?????? 21. 376 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 21 ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? 1. ?а????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????? ?????? 1 ??????а17 ?а?? ???????????? 100000 ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??а??????? ?????????, ?????????? ??а????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????????????. 2. ?????????? ??а????? ??????????????? ??а????, ??????????? ???????? ?????? 1 ?????? 17, ?а??? ????, ?а????? ???? ????????? ??а??????? ????????? 100000 ??????????? ???? ?????????????, ???? ?????????? ???????, ???: a) ????? ???? ??а??? ???????? ??-?? ???????????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ??? ????????, ??? ???????; ??? b) ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??-?? ???????????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ?????? 22 ??????? ??????????????? ?а????????? ????????, ? ?????? ?а????? 1. ?а?????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?а?????????? ????????, ?а??????? ????????? ?а?????? 19, ??????????????? ??????????? ?а????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? 4150 ??????????? ???? ?????????????. 2. ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? 1000 ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?а????????? ??????? ?????????, ??а??????????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а???????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ????, ???? ??? ??????????. ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??а??????????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??а?? ???????, ???а??? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?а????????. 377 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? 3. ??? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? 17 ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??а?????????, ??а??????????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а???????? ?а??????? ?????????????? ????, ???? ??? ??????????. ?а???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??а??????????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??а?? ???????, ???а??? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?а????????. 4. ?а?????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ?а???, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?а??? ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ?а???? ?а?? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?а?? ?? ?????????, ???, ???? ??? ??а??????, ?а?? ?? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 4, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????. 5. ????????????? ????????? ??????? 1 ?а2 ????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а???? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?а?а????????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ?????, ????????, ?????????? ????, ??? ???????, ???а?а?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????, ???а???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????. 6. ???????, ????????????? ??????? 21 ?а????????? ???????, ??а???????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????? ??а????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ????????. ????????????? ????????? ??а???????????, ???? ?????, ???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????, ????????? ?а???????? ????????????????, ??а????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ????? ??????? ??а??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. 378 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 23 ??????? ???????? ?????? 1. ?????, ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???а??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???а??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ??????? ??а???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??а??????, ?????????????? ???? ????????????-??????????. 2. ??? ??а????? ???????????, ??????? ??а???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????????????? ??????? ??а????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?а????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ???а?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?а?????? 21, ??????????????? ?а????? 1500000 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?? ??????????; 62500 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 1 ?????? 22; 15000 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 2 ?????? 22; ?а250 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 3 ?????? 22. ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????. ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????????. 3. ???????, ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ?а???????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ????????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ????????? ??? ????????, ????? ?? ?????379 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ????????? ?а??????? 21 ?а22, ????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????. ???????????-????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? 1 ????????? ?????? ??? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 2 ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а???????????, ????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????? 24 ????????? ???????? 1. ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? 25 ????????? ????????? ?а?а?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? 2 ??????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?а??????? 21, 22 ?а23, ???????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ????????? ???, ???? ????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?а??????? ????а??? ?а????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ?а??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?а???? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??а?????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????а? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?а????????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1 ??????а23. 2. ???? ?а?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ???????? ???????? 10а?????????, ??а??????????? ?????????? ???????????-????????? ??а????????? ???????? ???????????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ??????????-??????????. ???? ?а??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????-?????????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????, ????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??????????-??????????. ????????380 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????-????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????. 3. ???????? ??а????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ?????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а????? ????? ??? ???????, ???а??????? ??а???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????????????? ?а???а??????????? ????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1, ???????? 30 ????????? ??а?????? ?а???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ??? ??а??????????. ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???, ??????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????. ?????? 25 ???????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, ???а?а????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????, ??? ??????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???????????. ?????? 26 ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????, ??? ???, ??????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??а?????????????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????? ?????????????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 27 ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????а?а????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?????-??381 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????????????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ???????, ??а?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 28 ??????????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??????????, ???? ??? ????????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???. ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? 29 ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? ????? ??? ??а???????????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????, ???? ??а?? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????, ?????????????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???, ?а?? ??????????????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ??а???????? ?????????. ?????? 30 ????????, ??????. ????? ????? ????? 1. ???? ??? ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????, ?а??????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а?????382 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ???????????????, ??а??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????, ??? ???????? ?а???????, ??а?????? ?а???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. 3. ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ???????а1 ?а2 ????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?а? ????????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????. ?????? 31 ????????????? ???????? ?????????? 1. ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ???а????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 3 ?а?а?????? 2 ?????? 4. 2. ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????? ?а?? ??????? ???? ???? ??а??? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ???? ??а??? ????????? ?????. ?а?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????? ???????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??а???, ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?а??? ????????????. 3. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ?????. 4. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????. ?????? 32 ?????? ????, ???????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????, ???????? ???????????????, ??? ?а?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????? 383 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????? ?а?????, ??а???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? 33 ?????????? 1. ??? ??а??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????-?????????? ???? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????, ??а????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ??а?????, ??? ??а????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ?а???? ????? ?????????? ?????????. 2. ?а????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??а??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а????? ??а?????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ??? ??а?????????? ???????????-?????????, ?а??????? ???????? ??а?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?а??????? ??? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??а??????????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??а????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а?а??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????????, ?а??????? ??а????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????. 3. ??? ????? ?????? 2: a) Ф???????????? ??????????╗ ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ??????????; b) Ф???????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????╗ ???????? ???? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????????. 4. ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???. 384 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 34 ???????? 1. ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ???а????? ????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????. ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????. 2. ??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 33. 3. ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. 4. ????????? ??????? 2 ?а3 ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ?а????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ????????????? ?а????, ???????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? 35 ??????? ???????? 1. ??? ??а??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??а???, ?а??????? ???? ??? ?а??????? ???????? ??а??????????, ??? ??а???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ??? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????? ???. ?????? 36 ???????????????? ??????????? 1. ?а??????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????? 3 ?????? 1, ???????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??????????????? ?а???????? ????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ????385 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????. 2. ?а?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??а??????????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????, ??а??????????? ??????, ????? ??а???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ????. 3. ?а????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ?а???????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????, ? ?????? ??????????; ?а??? ?а?????? ?????, ????? ????, ???????? ?а???????????, ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ????????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????. ?????? 37 ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а?????????? ??????? ?а???, ????? ?? ????, ????????????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ?а?? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? IV. ????????? ????????? ?????? 38 ????????? ????????? 1. ?а?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????-???? ???? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? 4 ??????а18 ???? ?а????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 1. 2. ?????а?а????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????-???????????? ???????? 386 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???а????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????. ????? V. ????????? ?????????, ? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? 39 ?????????? ??а????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????, ????? ???? (?а?????????? ????????? Ф???????????? ??а????????╗) ?а???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??????????, ??? ????????????, ??? ?а?????, ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???????????, ?а?????? ???? (?а?????????? ????????? Ф??????????? ????????????╗), ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??а????????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??, ??а?? ???????? ?а????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? 40 ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????, ?а??? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????, ??????????????? ?а??????а39, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ???а?????????? ??а????????, ??? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ??а??? ? ?а????????? ???? ?????????, ??????????????? ?а????????, ?????? ?? ? ???? ?а????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??а????????????. 387 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 41 ???????? ????????? ??????????????? 1. ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?а??????????? ??а????????. 2. ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?а???????????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?а???? ?????? ??а????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ?а??????? 21, 22, 23 ?а24. ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????????, ??а??????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?? ??а?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 22, ??а???????????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??а??а????????. ?????? 42 ????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????, ????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ?а??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?а???????????? ???????????. ?????? ????????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 12, ????? ????, ???? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?а??????????? ??а????????. ?????? 43 ???????? ?а?????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ????? ???388 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ???????????????, ??????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?а???????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??а????????, ????, ??????, ??а????? ????????, ???а??а?????????? ????? ???????, ???а?а???????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ??а????? ????? ?????. ?????? 44 ????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а????? ???????????, ?а??????????? ??а???????? ?а? ??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ??а????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????, ???????, ??а????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?а??????????? ??а????????, ???? ?а???????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ??а?????????? ??? ??а????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ???? ???????. ?????? 45 ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??а???????????????, ??????????? ?а?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ??а?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ?????? ?????, ????????? ??? ?а???????????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??а???? ????????????, ??а????? ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?а???? ????? ?????, ?а??????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? 46 ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??а???????????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 45, ?????? ???? ????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????-?????????? ???? ?а????? ??а?????, ?а??????? ??? ????? 389 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??а????????? ??????а33, ???? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ?????? 47 ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????, ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??а?????????????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? 48 ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? 45, ?????а?а????????? ????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?а????????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????????????. ????? VI. ?????? ????????? ?????? 49 ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?а??????????. 390 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 50 ??????????? ???????????-????????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ??????????. ???????????-????????, ?а??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??а????????? ?????????. ?????? 51 ?????????, ?????????????? ? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?а3 ??а5, 7 ?а8, ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??а???????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? 52 ??????????? ???? ????? ?а????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?а????, ??а??????????????? ??????????? ???, ?а?? ??????? ???. ????? VII. ?????????????? ????????? ?????? 53 ??????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? 1. ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?а ???????? 28а??? 1999а???? ?????????????, ?????????????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??а?????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а???????? 391 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?а10а??а28 ??? 1999а????. ????? 28 ??? 1999а???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а????-???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?а???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?а???? ?а???????????? ?а??????? 6 ????????? ??????. 2. ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ????????? ????????? Ф???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????╗ ???????? ????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??????????????, ?????????, ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?а???. ?????? ??аФ???????????-?????????╗ ??? Ф???????????-?????????╗ ?а????????? ????????? ???? ???????, ??? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 1, ?????? 1 Фb╗ ?????? 3, ?????? Фb╗ ?????? 5, ???????а23, 33, 46 ?а?????? Фb╗ ?????? 57, ???????????????? ?а?????? ???? ??а???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?????? 24 ?????? ??аФ??????????? ??????????-??????????╗ ?аФ???? ????? ??????????-??????????╗ ??а???????????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????. 3. ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?а????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ?????????. 4. ????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???????, ????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?а??? ?а????? ?????. 5. ??????????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?а????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ?а????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????. 6. ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ??а???????????? ???? ?а???? ????? ??а???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????, ????????? ?а????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????????????, ??????? ????? ??а???????? ????? ?????????. ????????, ??????? ??а???????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??а??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????. 392 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? 7. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?а??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ??а???????????? ???? ?а???? ????? ??а???????? ??????????????? ???????, ????????? ?а????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????????. 8. ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????, ?а??? ???????????-?????????: a) ?а?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? ?????? ??????????; b) ?а????? ??а???????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????, ????????? ?а????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?а? ???? ????? ????? ??а????????; c) ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????; d) ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ??????????; e) ?а????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ??а???????а54. ?????? 54 ?????????? 1. ????? ???????????-???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????. 2. ?????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????. ?????? 55 ??????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ?а????????????? ????????? ?????????: 1. ????? ?????????????-??????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?: a) ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??????? 12 ??????? 1929а???? (?а?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????); b) ????????? ??а????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??????? 12 ??????? 1929а????, ????????393 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ?а????? 28 ???????? 1955а???? (?а?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????); c) ?????????, ?????????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????, ??а?????????? ???????????? ??а????????, ??????????? ?а??????????? 18 ???????? 1961а???? (?а?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????); d) ????????? ??а????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?а??????? 12 ??????? 1929а???? ?а?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а????? 28 ???????? 1955а????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а????????? 8 ????? 1971а???? (?а?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????); e) ?????????????? ?????????? ?а1?3 ?а???????????? ????????? ?а4 ??а????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?а???????? 25 ???????? 1975а???? (?а?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????); ??? 2. ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ??? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ???? ?а?????????? Фa╗а? Фe╗. ?????? 56 ???????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? 1. ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????????? ???????, ?а??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?а????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?а?????? ??????????, ???????????, ????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???????, ???а????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??а??? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??а???? ??? ????? ??а??? ?а????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?а????? ?????. 2. ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????????, ?а?а??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????, ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????. 3. ?а????????? ???????????-?????????, ?????????? ????? ?????????: 394 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? a) ?????? ?а?????? 23 ??аФ???????????? ??????╗ ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????; ? b) ?????? ?а?????? 28 ??аФ???????????? ????????????????╗ ?????????? ???а??????????? ?а???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ?????? 57 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?а????????? ????????? ??а???????????, ??а??????????? ????, ???а???????????-???????? ????? ?а????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а???, ???а????????? ????????? ??а???????????????? ??: a) ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ????????????-?????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?а????? ?а?????????????? ??? ??????? ?а???????????? ?а???????? ??????????? ???????????; ?а/ ??? b) ????????? ???, ????? ?а??????, ?????????????? ??? ??????? ???????, ??а????????? ?????, ?????????????????? ?а???? ???????????????????? ??? ???????????? ??, ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ? ????????????? ???? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?а???????? 28 ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??а???????, ??????????, ????????, ?????????, ????????? ?а??????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ???????? ??а???????? ?а??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ?а?? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ?а????? ???? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ????????? ?а???????????? ??????????. (???????) Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?.?. ??????? ????????? ?.?. ???????? ?????????????? ??????????: ?.?. ????????? ???????????? ???????: ?.?. ???????? 1 ????????? ?а?????? 19.11.2014. ?????? 60О84 /16. ?????? ????????. ????????? Newton. ?????? ????????. ???.а25 ?. ???. ???. ?. 23,25 ????? 500 ???. ????? ? ???????????? Ф??????╗: 119454, ?. ??????, ??. ????????????, ?. 92, ????.а2; ???./????: +7(495) 649-18-06 E-mail: [email protected] www.estatut.ru ISBN 978-5-8354-1098-9 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? LawBook Store Law Book Store ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? iOS ? ?? ????? www.lawbookstore.ru Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ??????? ???????????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ? ??????????????? ?????? (1913 ?1917 ??.) ?, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? Ф??????? ???????????? ?????╗ ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, ? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ? ??????, ??????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ? ???????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????: ???????? ???????? (????????????) ????? ??????????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?.?. ??????? ????????????? ??????? ? 6 ??????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? 2015 ?. ? 3 000 ???. ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? www.mvgp.ru ??? ?? ???????? +7 (495) 649-18-06. ????????? ??????? ?? 2015 ???: ????????? Ф?????????╗ - 36771, ???????Ф????? ??????╗ - 24257 (???????????), Ф?????? ??????╗ - 36978 (???????????). ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ??????: ??????, ??. ????????????, ?. 92, ????. 2. Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? www.vgpr.ru ???????? ??????? ???????: ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?4 2012 ?.?.а????????, ?.?.а??????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????: ??????? ???????????? ?????, ???????????????? ?а?????????? ???????? 10 ?.?. ????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?а???? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??? 28 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? 218 ?.?.а???? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????-????????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? (?? ?????????? ???????? ??а??) 269 ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? PERSONALIA ??????? ???????? ?.?. ?????? ????????????? ??????? ? 6 ??????? ? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? 2015 ???: ??????? (6 ???????) ? 2 700 ???. ??????????? (3 ??????) ? 1 500 ???. ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? www.vgpr.ru ??? ?? ???????? +7 (495) 649-18-06 ????????? ??????? ?? 2015 ???: ? ???????????? ??????? Ф?????? ??????╗ ? 90988 ? ??????? Ф?????????╗ ? 85014 ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? Ф????? ??????╗ ? 10224 ? ??????? Ф?????-?????╗ ? ???. (495) 788-00-60 ? ??????? Ф????-?????╗ ? ???. (495) 961-23-62. ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ??? ??????????? ???????, ??????????????????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ??????: ??????, ??. ????????????, ?. 92, ????. 2, ???./???? + 7 (495) 649-18-06; www.vgpr.ru; e-mail: [email protected] Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ??? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?а????????. 4. ?а?????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????, ????????????? ?а???, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?а??? ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ?а???? ?а?? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?а?? ?? ?????????, ???, ???? ??? ??а??????, ?а?? ?? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 4, ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??а???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????. 5. ????????????? ????????? ??????? 1 ?а2 ????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а???? ????????? ?а?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?а?а????????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ?????, ????????, ?????????? ????, ??? ???????, ???а?а?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????, ???а???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????. 6. ???????, ????????????? ??????? 21 ?а????????? ???????, ??а???????????? ???? ????????? ?а???????????? ??а????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????? ??а????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ????????. ????????????? ????????? ??а???????????, ???? ?????, ???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?а?????? ???????, ????????? ?а???????? ????????????????, ??а????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?а??????? ????? ??????? ??а??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. 378 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 23 ??????? ???????? ?????? 1. ?????, ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???а??????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???а??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ?а?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?а???????????? ??а?????????? ????? ????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ?а???????????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?а???????? ??а???? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?а??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ??????? ??а???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??а??????, ?????????????? ???? ????????????-??????????. 2. ??? ??а????? ???????????, ??????? ??а???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ?а???????????????? ??????? ??а????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?а????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ???а?????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?а?????? 21, ??????????????? ?а????? 1500000 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??а?? ??????????; 62500 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 1 ?????? 22; 15000 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 2 ?????? 22; ?а250 ???????? ?????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????? 3 ?????? 22. ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??а??????????? ???? ?а????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????. ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?а??????????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ?а???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????????. 3. ???????, ?????????? ?а????????? ??????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ?а???????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ????????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?????? ???????????-?????????, ????????? ??? ????????, ????? ?? ?????379 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????, ????????? ?а??????? 21 ?а22, ????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????. ???????????-????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? 1 ????????? ?????? ??? ?а??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 2 ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а???????????, ????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ?а????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????? 24 ????????? ???????? 1. ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? 25 ????????? ????????? ?а?а?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? 2 ??????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?а??????? 21, 22 ?а23, ???????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ????????? ???, ???? ????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?а??????? ????а??? ?а????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ?а??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?а???? ?а?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??а?????? ??а??????? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????а? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??а?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ?а????????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1 ??????а23. 2. ???? ?а?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ?а???, ???а??????????? ???????? ???????? 10а?????????, ??а??????????? ?????????? ???????????-????????? ??а????????? ???????? ???????????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?а???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ??????????-??????????. ???? ?а??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????-?????????? ?????? ?а????? ??????????, ????????? ??а???????? ?а???? ?а??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??????????-??????????. ????????380 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????-????????? ?а?????????? ?а???? ?????? ?????????. 3. ???????? ??а????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ?????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 2 ????????? ??????, ??????????? ?а????? ????? ??? ???????, ???а??????? ??а???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????????????? ?а???а??????????? ????????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1, ???????? 30 ????????? ??а?????? ?а???? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?а???? ?????????? ?а???? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ??? ??а??????????. ??????????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?а?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???, ??????? ?а????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ???????. ?????? 25 ???????? ?а????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, ???а?а????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????, ??? ??????????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??а???????????. ?????? 26 ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????, ??? ???, ??????? ?????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??а?????????????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????? ?????????????????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 27 ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????а?а????????? ????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?????-??381 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????????????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ???????, ??а?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? 28 ??????????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??????????, ???? ??? ????????????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ???. ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??а???????? ????????? ?а????? ???? ?а????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? 29 ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?а????? ????? ??? ??а???????????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ?????????, ???? ??а?? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????, ?????????????? ??? ??а????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ?а?????? ????????? ???????????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ??а???, ?а?? ??????????????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??а??????????? ?а??????????? ???????????? ?????, ??а???????? ?????????. ?????? 30 ????????, ??????. ????? ????? ????? 1. ???? ??? ?????????? ?а????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?а????? ?а??????, ?а??????? ????????? ?а????????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а?????382 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?? ???????????????, ??а??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а???????????, ??? ???????? ?а???????, ??а?????? ?а???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. 3. ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????????? ???????а1 ?а2 ????????? ?????? ??а???????????, ???? ????? ????????, ???а???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?а? ????????? ????, ???а?а?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????. ?????? 31 ????????????? ???????? ?????????? 1. ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????, ???а????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?а?????????? ????????? ?а???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????????? ?а?????? 2 ?????? 3 ?а?а?????? 2 ?????? 4. 2. ?а?????? ?????????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ??а????????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??а??????????? ????? ?а?? ??????? ???? ???? ??а??? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?а???????????? ???? ??а??? ????????? ?????. ?а?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??а??????? ???????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??а???, ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?а??? ????????????. 3. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?а??????? ??? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ?????. 4. ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????. ?????? 32 ?????? ????, ???????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????, ???????? ???????????????, ??? ?а?????????? ????? ????????????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ????????? 383 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ????????? ?а?????, ??а???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????? 33 ?????????? 1. ??? ??а??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????-?????????? ???? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????, ??а????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ??а?????, ??? ??а????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ?а???? ????? ?????????? ?????????. 2. ?а????????? ?????, ???????????? ?а?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??а??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?а????? ??а?????, ?????????? ?а?????? 1 ????????? ??????, ??? ??а?????????? ???????????-?????????, ?а??????? ???????? ??а?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ?а?а??????? ??? ??а???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??а??????????? ????????? ?????, ???? ??а????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?а?а??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????????, ?а??????? ??а????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????. 3. ??? ????? ?????? 2: a) Ф???????????? ??????????╗ ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?а?????????? ??????????? ??????????; b) Ф???????? ?а?????????? ????? ??????????╗ ???????? ???? ??????????????? ?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??а?????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????? ??а???????? ???????????? ???????? ?а???? ?????????. 4. ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????????? ???. 384 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 34 ???????? 1. ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?а???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ???а????? ????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????? ?а?????????. ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а?????????? ?????. 2. ??????????? ??????????????? ??а?????? ????? ?????????? ?а????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ?а???????????? ?????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 33. 3. ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. 4. ????????? ??????? 2 ?а3 ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ?а????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ????????????? ?а????, ???????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? 35 ??????? ???????? 1. ??? ??а??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??а???, ?а??????? ???? ??? ?а??????? ???????? ??а??????????, ??? ??а???, ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ??? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????. 2. ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ?а??????? ?????? ???. ?????? 36 ???????????????? ??????????? 1. ?а??????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?????? 3 ?????? 1, ???????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????, ????? ??? ????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??????????????? ?а???????? ????? ??а?????? ?а???????? ????385 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?а????? ?????????, ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????. 2. ?а?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??а??????????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????????, ??а??????????? ??????, ????? ??а???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??а???? ????. 3. ?а????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ?а???????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ????? ??а?????????, ? ?????? ??????????; ?а??? ?а?????? ?????, ????? ????, ???????? ?а???????????, ???????????? ?????????, ?а??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ?????, ??????????? ??? ????????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????????? ?а???????????. ?????? 37 ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?а???? ???? ??а?????????? ??????? ?а???, ????? ?? ????, ????????????? ??а???? ?а???????????? ?а?? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? IV. ????????? ????????? ?????? 38 ????????? ????????? 1. ?а?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?а???????? ?????-???? ???? ???????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ?????? 4 ??????а18 ???? ?а????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 1. 2. ?????а?а????????? ????????? ??а?????? ???????? ?а?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?а????????-???????????? ???????? 386 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ?а?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???????, ???а????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?а????????? ????????? ????????? ??а???????. ????? V. ????????? ?????????, ? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? 39 ?????????? ??а????????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????, ????? ???? (?а?????????? ????????? Ф???????????? ??а????????╗) ?а???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ?а??????????, ??? ????????????, ??? ?а?????, ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???????????, ?а?????? ???? (?а?????????? ????????? Ф??????????? ????????????╗), ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??а????????, ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??, ??а?? ???????? ?а????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?а?????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????????. ?????? 40 ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??а????????? ?а????????? ?????, ?а??? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ?а???????????? ?а?????????, ??????????????? ?а??????а39, ???????????? ????????? ??????????, ???а?????????? ??а????????, ??? ?а??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ??а??? ? ?а????????? ???? ?????????, ??????????????? ?а????????, ?????? ?? ? ???? ?а????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ??а????????????. 387 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????? 41 ???????? ????????? ??????????????? 1. ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?а??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?а??????????? ??а????????. 2. ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ?а??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ?а????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?а???????????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?а???? ?????? ??а????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ?а??????? 21, 22, 23 ?а24. ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?а???????????? ?а??????? ?????????? ??а???????? ????????? ??а???? ?????????????, ??а??????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?? ??а?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?а?????????????????? ?а????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 22, ??а???????????????? ??а???????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??а??а????????. ?????? 42 ????????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ????? ???????????? ?а??????????, ????????????? ??????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ?а??????????? ??а???????? ??? ?а???????????? ???????????. ?????? ????????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 12, ????? ????, ???? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?а??????????? ??а????????. ?????? 43 ???????? ?а?????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ??а???????, ???а??а?????????? ?а?????? ????? ???388 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????????? ??а??????? ?а??????? ???????????????, ??????????? ??а????????? ????????? ?а???????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??а????????, ????, ??????, ??а????? ????????, ???а??а?????????? ????? ???????, ???а?а???????????? ?а????????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????? ??????????????? ??а????? ????? ?????. ?????? 44 ????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?а????? ???????????, ?а??????????? ??а???????? ?а? ??? ???????? ?а???????, ????????????? ?а?????? ????? ????????????, ??а????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????, ???????, ??а????????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?а??????????? ??а????????, ???? ?а???????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ???? ??а?????????? ??? ??а????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ?а????? ???? ???????. ?????? 45 ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??а???????????????, ??????????? ?а?????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ??а?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ??а????????, ???? ?????? ?????, ????????? ??? ?а???????????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??а???? ????????????, ??а????? ????? ???????? ?а??????? ??????????? ?а???? ????? ?????, ?а??????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?а??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? 46 ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??а???????????????, ??????????????? ?а?????? 45, ?????? ???? ????????? ??а?????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????? ??а??????????-?????????? ???? ?а????? ??а?????, ?а??????? ??? ????? 389 Copyright ??? Ф??? Ф??????╗ & ??? ФA???????? K????-C?????╗ ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??а????????? ??????а33, ???? ?а???? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??а????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????. ?????? 47 ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??а????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?а???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????????, ??? ???, ??????? ???????? ?а???????????? ?а????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????????? ?а?? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ??а?????????????????? ???? ???????? ??а?????? ??а????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ?????? 48 ??????????????? ??????????? ??а???????? ? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? 45, ?????а?а????????? ????? ??а??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ?а????????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????????????. ????? VI. ?????? ????????? ?????? 49 ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?а?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?
Автор
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