Аргумент от дизайна в «Бойлевских лекциях» Ричарда Бентли.

??? 215
?.а?.а???????*
???????? ??а???????
?ал?????????? ???????╗ ??????? ??????**
????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? (?????????
??а???????), ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?а????????? ?а??? ???????????? ?????? XVIII?
XIX ??. ??????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?а?????????
???????? ?????? ?ал?????????? ???????╗ ?а1692а?. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????
??а????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?а????????,
?а?????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?.а????? л???????????? ????????╗ (1800).
?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?а???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?а?????
??????? ????????? XVII ?. ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????. ?????
?????? ?????? ?а??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????
?а??????????? ???????? ?????? ?а??????????? ?????????? ?а?.-?.а????? ?а?.а?????.
???????? ?????: ??????????????, ???????????? ????????, ??????????????? ????????, ???????? ??а???????, ???????? ???????, ????????????, ?????? ?????, ??????
??????.
I.аA.аKoshelev
The Argument from Design in Boyle?s Lectures by Richard Bentley
The article deals with the development of the teleological argument (the argument from
design) by a theologian and a philosopher Richard Bentley at Boyle?s lectures delivered in 1692.
This argument, being one of the most convincing proofs for the intelligent design, is mostly
known due to a famous work Natural Theology by William Paley. But the foundation for the
modern research in the area was laid during the age of the Scientific Revolution of the 17th
century by an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher Robert Boyle and his followers. The author
brings an issue of the continuity between refutation of naturalism by forgotten Bentley and
famous analogies by J.-J.аRousseau and F.аHoyle.
Keywords: philosophy of nature, natural theology, teleological argument, argument
from design, rational design, Christianity, Robert Boyle, Richard Bentley.
* ??????? ????? ?????????????а? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? I ?????????,
??? л????????? ?????? л???????╗, [email protected]
** ?????? ???????? ???а ????????? ????, ????? л?????????? ?а ???????????????
????????????: ??????? ?а?????????????╗, ? 15-03-00211.
??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????. 2015. ??? 16. ?????? 4
77
??????-??????????????? ????????, ???????? ??а??????? ??? ??а???????,
?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??а???????????????, ?????????????
?а???????????????? ???? ?а????????????? ?а??????? ????????? ?????????,
????????, ??? ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??а????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ??а????????? ?ал??????????????╗ ????: л??? ?????????????? ???????????, ????? ?а???
?????? ????????? ?а?????????. ??? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?а????????
??????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????. ?? ?????????
?а???????? ???????, ???а?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?а???????
??? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ?а????????? ????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????
??а??????????а?? ??, ?а????????? ???? ?????? ?а???????, ??????????????
?????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????. ?а???? ???????
??? ?????? ?????? ??а???? ???????, ?а?????? ??а????????? ??а????, ?а??????? ???? ?а??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????.
??????? ????а?? ??а?????? ????????, ??а?а?????????? ???????? ????????
??????? ???????? ????? ??????????????╗ [3,а?.а375]. ??а????? ????????, ??? ????
???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?а??? ?????????? ?????? л???????????? ????????╗ (1800). ?????,
??а????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?а??????????, ????
???????? ??? ????? (??????, ?????? ?а??.) ??а???????????? ??? ????????????
????????????? ?а?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ????????? ????????? ?????
????????????? ?а???????????????? ???????????.
????? ????????, ??? ???????????? л??????╗ ?а???? ??????? ??? ??????
?????????????????? ??????????? ?а?????? ??????а? ????????, ?????????
???????, ??????????, ??????? ?????????? (VIII ?.). ???, ????????? ?ал??????
????????? ???????????? ????╗ ?????: л??? ???? ?????????? ??, ??? ??а????,
?а??? ??а?????, ?а??? [????????] ??а???????, ?а??? [?????] ???а?????, ?а???
?????, ?а????????? ?а????, ???? ?а?????, ?а??????, ?а??????? ??? ????, ???
?а????? ??? ????????? ??? ?а?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?а???????? ?а??????
???????????? ?а????????????????? ????? ??а???????? ????? ?а??а??? ????????? ?????????, ??а???????? ????????? ?а???? ????? ?????, ?а????????????
??а??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??а???, ??? ?????? ??? ?а?????? ?а?????? ??????
??? ?? ??а????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??????
?????????????, ?а????а? ?????????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ?????? ?а???.
????а??а? ?????????? ?а????????? ???????, ????????? ?а???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????, ???????, ????? ??????. ??а??? ?????? ???
????, ???? ??а????╗ [2,а?.а35]
???????????, ????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????????? ????????
??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? (??. 1225?1274), ??????? ?????????????
?????????? л???? ?????╗а? ?????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ????. ????????
??а??????? ?а??? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????: л????? ????
??????? ??а?????????? ?????. ?а????? ????, ?? ?????, ??? ????, ????????
?????????????? ???????????, ?а?????? ????????? ????, ????????? ???? ????????? ????, ?а??? ???????? ??а????, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????
????? ?а???а?? ??????? ???, ??? ????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ????, ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??а????????, ??а??а???????.
78
?????? ??, ?а???? ??? ?????????????? ???????????, ????? ?????????? ?а????
?????? ?а??? ??????, ???? ??? ???????????? ???-??а?????????? ???????
?а?????????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ?а???? ????????. ?????????????,
?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????
???????????? ?а????? ????; ?а??? ?? ???????? ?????╗ [6,а?.а27]. ??????????
?аXVIII ????????а? ?а?????, ??????????????? ???????????????? л???????????╗ ????? (??. ????)а? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???
(?????? ?а???????????? ?ал??????-??????????? ??????????╗): ???? ??????????
?????? ??? ??а?а????????, ?а?а????????? (??. ????а?? ??????????? ????????),
??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?а???????????? ??а?????? ???????
???????? ?а??? ??????????????.
??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??а??????? ?????
????? ????????? ?а????? ???????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????, ??????? ?а????????? ???????? ???????????????.
?????? ????? ??а????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????а? ?а????????
?????????? ???????? ?а??????????????а? ?а????????? ????????? ?????????.
?а???? ??????? ????????? XVII ?. ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???????
????, ?а??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?а???????? ?????????? ?????????, ?а??? ????????, ??????? ?а??, ??????? ?????????? ?а????? ??????????,
????????? ????????????? ?а????????????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ??а????
??????????????? ??????????? ??а??? ???????? ??а?????????? ????????
????? ????????, ??а????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ??а???
??????? ????????? ???????? ??а???????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????
??? ?????????? ???????????? ?а???????? ?????? ????? (1627?1691), ?????????? ?а???, ??? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????.
??? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????????, ?????? ?????, ?а??????? ?????-????????, ?????????? ??? ??а?????????
????? ??????. ??, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?а????? ??? ?????????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????????
??????? ??????????, ?а????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ??????
?????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??????, ??а???????? ????????,
?????? ????? ?а??? ?а?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ????, ??? ?????
????? ??? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????????????
???????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??а???????? ?????? ?а????????????? ????????????. ??а????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????
??????????? ??а????????? ???????? ?а????????????? ???????????, ????
??а??????? ??????? ?????????? ?а?????????????? ???????, ?а????? ???????,
??????????? ??????? ?????а? ???????????, ?а?????????? ?ал????????????╗
????? ?????? ?а????? ?????. ?а???????????? ??? ??????????-????????????
?????? ?а???????? ??а??????? ????а? л??????????? ??а????? ?????????????
??????????╗а? ???? ???????????? ???? ?а2013а?. [??. 1]
?????? ????? (??? ?а?????? ?????? ?а??? ????????? ??а[5]) ??????? 25а?????? 1627а?. ?а???????? ????????? ?а????????. ?? ??? ???????, ???????
????? ?а????????????? ???????? ?а????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????????а?
?????? ??а?????????????? ?а?????????? ?????????? ????????????. ???????
????????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????????, ?а????? ???? ???а????????????
79
??????????, ??????, ?????? ?а?????? ????????? ?а???????????, ??????????
??? ??????????? ??????????? ??а??????????? ?????????, ??? ??а????? ?????? ?????????? ?а?????? ??????? ????????? ??а?????????? ?????????????
?а????????? ????. ????? ??????????? ?а???????? ????? ??????? ?????????
???????-???????????? ?????????, ?а?а1654а?., ????????????? ?а???????, ???????
?????????????????? ?????????????? ?а??????? ?????? ?а?????. ??а??????
??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? (1777?1859) [11,аp.а322], ????? ????? ??????
??а???? ??????????, ?????? ?аXVII ?., ??а???????? ????? ??????? ?????????
?а??????? ????????????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????.
??? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ????а? ????????????
?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????. л??? ????? ????? ?а???????? ?????????
????????? ???? ?????╗,а? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? [14,аp.а254]. ??а?????? ??????? ????? [18,аp.а189], ??????
??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ???? ???? ??а????????
??????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????.
?????????????? ??????? ?а????????, ?.а?.а??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????
????????. ?????? ????? ?а????????? ???? ??а??? ????????? ?????а? л???????
?а???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ?а??????? ???????????, ?а??????
????????????????? ???????????? ?????? (?а??????а?? ??????) ??а????????╗
(лA Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things Wherein It Is Inquir?d,
Whether, and (If at All) with What Cautions a Naturalist Should Admit Them?╗),
?????????? ?а1677а?., ?а?????????????? ?а1688а?., ??а??? ???? ??а?????? ??????. ??а?????? ?.а????????, ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????
????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????????????? ?аXVII
?а[20,аp.а177].
?????? ?а????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????: ???? ??????? ??????????, ??, ??????????? ???, ?? ??а?????? ????????
??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ??а?а??????? ????????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ?а??????. ????? ??????????? ??????, ?а????? ???????,
???????????, ????????????, ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?,а?????????????, ?а????? ??а????? ???? ??а??????, ??а????? (?????? ????? ??????
????? ?????? ??а??????? ????????????? ????????), ?,а?а?????? ???????,
????????????, ?????????, ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ?а????? ?????, ??а?????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?? ???????, ??? ??????????, ????????
?????????? ???, ????????, ??? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ?а???????
??????? ?а????. ?а???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? (?а?????????), ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?,а????????, ???????????????
??? ????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????, ?а??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????
?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????.
????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ??а????
????????. ????? ??а???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??а????????? ?а????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????.
л?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????
(??.а18:1), ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?а?????????????? ??а?? ?????,
??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????╗ [7,аp.а403].
80
??? ??? ???? ????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??а?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??????????
???????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????: ???????
????????? ??????? ?,а??????????????, ??????, ??????????????? ?а??????????
?????????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ????, ???, ??а?????? ?????, ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????.
?????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ???????
??а??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?а50 ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?а?????? ???????????? ???? (????????
??? л?????????? ??????╗), ??????? ???????????? ?а?????????? ??а??????
???????? ???? ?а????? ????????????? ?а2004а?. ?????? ?????????????
??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
(1662?1742), ???????? ?а??????? ???????, ???????? ????? ???????-????????
?а???????????? ????????????.
?????? ?????? ??????? 27а?????? 1662а?. ?а???????, ???????? ????????
???????, ?????? ?а?????????????? ????? ?а?????????, ?а?????а? ?а???????????? ????????????. ?а1690а?. ?????? ??? ??????????? ?а???????, ?а?????
??? ????а? ?а??????????. ?а1693а?. ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????
??????????, ?а?а1700а?., ????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???????? ??????????,
????????? ???????-???????. ?а?????????? ???????? ????????????????, ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????, ?а1718а?. ?????? ??????? ??????
?????? ?,а???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????, ??а??????? ??а????
?а???????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????а? ?а????? ?????????
????? ???????? ??? [??. 16].
??? ??????? ?а?????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????
????? ?????? лEpistola ad Joannum Millium╗ (1691); ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?а???
???????? ????????????, ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??а?????? ?????.
??а????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????, ??????
???????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?,а?а?????????, ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?а????????? [8,аp.а176].
???? ????????? ????????????, ??? ??а????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????, ?а???????? ?????? ????????? ??а??????? [4,а?.а98]
(?????? ??а???????????? л?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????╗
(лPhilosophiц Naturalis Principia Mathematica╗), ?????????????? ??а??????
????? ???? ??а???? ??? ??а?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??а???????? ???????? ?? ????????????). ?а???????? ??а????????? ?????? ??????? ??????
???????, ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????
?,а?????? ?????, ??????, ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????
????????????? ????????? ??????? [15]. ????? ????, ?????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?а??????? ???????, ?????? ??????????
???????? ?а???????? [10,аp.а317]. ?,а??? ??а?????, ?????? ?а??????? ????????
??????????? ?????? ???????? ??а?????????? ????? ?????????. ??????а??,
???????? ?????? ????????????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ?а???? ??????????????? ????? [12,аp.а102].
?????? ???????? ?????? ??????-?????????? ?а????????????? ??????? ?а?????? ?а7а????? ??а5а??????? 1692а?., ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
81
???? ???а????????? л???????? ?а???????????????? ???????╗ (лThe Folly and
Unreasonableness of Atheism╗). ??а????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????, ??? ???????, ??а???????? ?а????? ?????????? ??????????
????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?а????, ?а?????? ???????,
?а ?????????? ?????????-????????????? ??????? ??????? (1588?1679)
[8,аp.а177].
?????????? ??? ?а?????????, ??? ?а???????????? ??? ??????????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ??????, ??а??????
?????????? ?????, ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????
?а?????????????? XVII?XVIII ??., ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????
???? ????????????? ??ал???????????? ????????????╗ ?????? [16,аp.а128]
(л????????????? ???????????╗ ?????? ???????? ??????? ?а??????? ?????????, ??????????? ??а????? ???????), ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????,
?????? ????????? ?????? л???????? ??????? ?а????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?а????????? ?а????????? ?????╗ ???????????, ?а????????, ???? ???????
?а???????? ?а??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???
???????????? ?а??????. ?????? ?????????, ????????????? л??????? ?а???????? ??а????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ???????, ????????? ??а????????????
????╗, ???? ????????? ??????? ????????????. ????????? ?а??????? ??а?????
????????? ????????? ??а??????? ??а???????? ???????? ????????????? ????,
?а????????? ???, ???а????? ????????? л???????????? ??????? ??а????????????? ?а?????????? ????╗а? ???? ?????????. ????? ???????, ???????????????
???? ????????? ??а????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????
??????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??а??? ??????.
?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?а???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?а???, ???, ????????? ?а????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????
?а????, ??а??? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????. ????? ???????,
??а??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?а?????? ?????? ???? [9,аp.а23].
??а??? ?????? ????????: ??? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?а?????, ?а?????
??????? ?????, ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????. ????? ????,
?????????? ?????? ?а???? ???????а?? ???? ?а???? ?????????? ???????????
?а??????а?? ?? ?????? ????????????????, ?а????????а? ??????? ????.
????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????
?а??????????? [9,аp.а24]. ?а??, ?а?????? ????????, ??? ???? ???????? ?а???????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ????? ?а????
????????????? ?а???????? ??????? ?а?????? ??????, ???????а??а? ??????
??????. ?????? ???????? ??а??а?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????.
??????? ??????????, ??? ???? ???????? ??а???????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?а????? ???????? ?а???????? ???????а?? ???
??????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???, ??а??????? ????, ?????а??
??а??а????????????. ?????? ??????? ??а?а????????? ????????, ??? ??????
??????? ?????? ?????????? ?а??? ???? ???????? ??а?????. ???а?? ????????
???????? ??? ??????, ??????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????
??? ????????? ??? ??а?????????????, ?а????????? ?????? ??? ????а?? ??а??????????????, ?а??????????.
82
?????? ??????????, ?????????? ????, ????????? ?а??????, ???????????
????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????
?????? ?а???????? ?????????????, ?а?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????
????, ???????? ???????, ?а??????а? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?а???? [9,аp.а26].
?????? ???????? ??а???? ???????? ?????: л?а?? ???, ???????, ??? ??????? ?а?????? ??????? ??????а?? ?????????? ???: л????? ?? ???? ??? ???????╗
(???а9:а20). ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?а?????? ????? ???
????????????? ????????????, ????? ???????? ?а??? ????? ?????? ?а???????.
??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??а????? ???????, ??? ??? ???????, ???
?? ?????, ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?а???????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?а????????????, ????? ???????? ????????, ???????
????????а?? ???????? ????. ??????? ?а????????? ?????????? ???, ??? ????
????????? ???????. ????? ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????а??
???????????????. ???а?? ???????? ????????? ?????, ??а??????? ??? ?????
??????????а?? ??а???, ???? ????а?? ?? ???? ??а????? ??? ??????, ??? ????
?????? ???а? ??? ????? ??а????????? ?а?????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
?а??????? ???? ?????????: л??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?а????????,
?а????????? ???? ???????? ?а??????????╗ (1 ???а15:а53).
???????, ??? ?????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??а??????????? ???? ?а?????? ?а??????? ?а????????????? ????????. ???? ???????, ??? ?? ???????????
?????, ??????а? ??? ?а???? ???? ??????. ?????????, ?а???? ???????, ?????
??а????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????, ??? ????????? ?????
?????? ???а?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????а?? ???????? ??, ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??а?????????????? ???????????,
??а?????????????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ??а????? ????? ????? (?.а34)
?,а?а????а??, ????????????? ?????????????? [9,аp.а39]. л????? ???????,а? ????????? ??????,а? ?? ??????????? ??????????????????, ??? ??? ???? ?????
???????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ?а???? ????? ?а???? ????????? ????
????? ?????? ??????? ?а????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????
????????╗ [9,аp.а41].
?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????: ??? ?????????? л??????╗, ??а??? ??????,а? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????; ?????? ?а???, ??? ????? ?????????
????????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??, ??? ????? ???а?????
???????? ???????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????а? ?????
???а??, ??? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? [9,аp.а44].
?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??а?????
???? ???????? ??????? ??а???????????? ????????? ??????: ????? ???а?? ????? ????а?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? л??????╗
???????? ??а???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? [9,аp.а49].
?????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??а?????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?а??????? ?????????? ????????.
??-??????, ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????, ??????
?а?????? ?????? ?????: ???? ?а????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?а???????, ??а??????????? ??а?????????? ????????? ????? ??а??????? ????????:
????????????? ??а????? ???? ?????????? ?а??????? [9,аp.а58]. ?????, ?? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????
83
??????, ??? ??а??? ???? ???????? ??а??????. ???? ????????? ????? ???????
???????, ??а???????, ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????: ????? ??а?????
???????? ????? ??а?????? ????, ??????? ??а????????? ???? ??а???? ??а???????
[9,аp.а4961]. ?????? ????????? ??а??????????, ??? ??? ??а?????? ??? ??????
?????а? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????-???????, ???????
?а???????? ???????? ?????.
?а???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??а??????????? ????????????? ????????,
??а?????? ??????????????? ???? ???????, ?????????? ?аPrincipia. ????????
?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????? [9,аp.а64], ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???.
?????? ??а????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????????а? ??? ???????, ?????? ??????
?????, ??? ????, ??а????????, ??? ?????????? ???????, ?а?????????? ???????????
???????? ???????? ???????? ????, ???????????а?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ??а????? ??а????? ???????????? ??????????,
??? ??а???????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ????,
????а?? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??а???????? ???-??а?????????? ?а?????????? ???????????? ???????
[9,аp.а68], ?а????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ?а???? ???? ?????????, ???
????????? ??????? ?????????? ?а???????? (??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????),
??а???????????? ????а?? ??????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ???????????? ????
???????? ??? ???? ?а??? ???????, ?????????? ?а????? ??? ?????????????
?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??а?????.
????????????? ?????????, ???? ???????? ???, ???????????? ????????
??????????, ?а??а???????? ??а??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????. ?а???, ??а?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????
?????????? ?а?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????.
????? ???а??, ??? ?а?????, ??????? ?а????? ???????? ?а???????? ????????
???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?а???, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????
??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? [7,аp.а420], ?????? ???????, ???
?а??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????????, ?????? ??????? ????????
???????????? ????? ???????? [9,аp.а76]. ?? ?????????, ??? ??а?????? ????????
????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?а??а?????.
?????? ?????????? ?а??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?а?????, ??? ???????
??а????? ????? ????а?? ??????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ?????
??? ??а????? ??????? ????? ??а?????????? ??а???? ????????? ??????, ???????
????????? ?????? ????. ?????а?? ??????????? ??а???? ??а????? ???????????
??????????: ????а?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ????????, ??а???? ?а??????? ????????а?? ?а??????????, ?а??? ????? ???????а??, ??? ?а??????????? ????; ????а??
?????????? ??а?????? ??а?????????? ???????, ??а???а?? ??а??? ????????,
?а????? ????? ????а?? ??????????. ??? ???, ??? ?а???????? ????? ??????
????? ???, ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????, ???? ???????? ??????????????
???????? ??????? ?а??????? ?????? [9,аp.а77?79].
?а?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ??? ????????????
??????????????? ??а???????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??а????? ????
????? ????, ??? ?????? ?а?????????? ?????, ??????? л???????????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ???????╗ (????. 3:19).
84
??? ????? ?.а?.а????-?????, л????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????
?а??????? ??????? ???? ??а??????? ????????╗ [4,а?.а98], ??? ??????????????
???????, ??????????? ????????? ??????а??. ??????: л?????, ?а???????
?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??а?????? ?а????????????? ??а???????????, ??????? ??а??? ?????????? ??а??? ??????? ????????
?????????╗ [17,аp.а39]. ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????
?а??????????? ????????. ???, ??????????? ??????? ?а????????? ????? ??????????? ???-??? ????? (1712?1778) ?а??????? л??????????? ???? ??????????
???????╗ (1762) ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? л?????, ??? ?а??????????╗ ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?а????????????? ??????????
????????? ?????? л??????╗ ???????? ??а???????????? ?????? ???? ????????:
л????а?? ???-?????? ??? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????
???? ????? ?????????а?? ?а?????? ????? ????????, ?а??а??????а?? ??а????,
????? ??? ?????????╗ [19,аp.а573]. ?а????? ?а???? ????????? ??????: ??а???а??
????? ???????????? ?а?????? ??? ????????????? ??а??????????? ??????????
??? ????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?аXX ?. ?а???????????
??????????? ????? ????? (1915?2001), ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?а????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?ал?????-747╗
?а?????????? ??????????? ????? [13,аp.а105].
????? ???????, ??? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ??а?????? XVII ?.,
??????? ??а?????? ????????????, ??а?а???????????? ??????????? ??????
??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????
?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???
??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ????????.
? ? ? ? ??? ? ??
1. ?????????а?.а?????? ?????. ??????????? ??а????? ????????????? ??????????
(??????????? ?а??????????)а// ??????? ?????????????-?????????????, ???????????????????????? ?????? л???????????, ???????, ??????? ?а?????? ?а??а???????╗.а?
2013 ?? 1а? ?. 150?154.
2. ??????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????.а? ?.,
???????????? ??????????? ?????????, 2003.
3. ????а?.а??????? ??????? ??????а? ?.: ?????, 1994.
4. ????-?????а?.а?.а????????? ???????????????. ????? ??????. ???? ??????.а?
?.: ????? ??????????? ??????? ?а??????????????-??????????????? ??????????????,
2011.
5. ???????а?.а?.а???????? ??а????????????? ??????? ?а?????????? ?????????????? XVII ????а// ??????? ?????, 2014а? ? 55 (5).а? ?. 107?120.
6. ???? ?????????. ????? ????????, I.2.3а/ ???. ?.а?.а?????????? (?а??????????
???????????).а? ?.,а2006.
7. The Works of the Honorable Robert Boyle./ ?d. by Thomas Birch. London, 1772.а?
Vol. V (A Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things).
8. Dahn JohnаJ.аScience and Apologetics in the Early Boyle Lectures.а? Church Historyа?
June 1970а? Vol. 39а? No. 2.
85
9. A Defence of Natural and Revealed Religion: Being a Collection of the Sermons
Preached at the Lecture founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq; (from the year 1691
to the year 1732.) With the Additions and Amendments of the several Authors, and General
Indexes.а? In three volumes.а? London, 1739.а? Vol. I.
10. GuerlacаH., JacobаM.аC.аBentley, Newton, and Providence: The Boyle Lectures Once
Moreа// Journal of the History of Ideasа? Jul.-Sep., 1969 ?Vol. 30а? No. 3.
11. HallamаH.аIntroduction to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and
Seventeenth Centuries.а? New York: A.аC.аArmstrong and Son, 1894а? Four Volumes in
Two.а? Vols.III, IV.
12. HaugenаK.аL.аRichard Bentley: Poetry and Enlightenment.а? Harvard, Harvard
University Press, 2011.
13. Hoyle Fred. лHoyle on evolution╗а// Natureа? Vol. 294а? No. 5837 (November 12,
1981).
14. HunterаM.аBoyle: Between God and Science. Michael Hunter. New Haven and
London:а? Yale University Press, 2009.
15. Janiak Andrew Newton?s Philosophy.а? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(Summer 2014 Edition), EdwardаN.аZalta (ed.) URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/
sum2014/entries/newton-philosophy/ (???? ?????????: 27.08.2014).
16. Kenny Christopher Joseph. Theology and Natural Philosophy in Late Seventeenth
and Early Eighteenth-Century Britainа? PhD thesis.а? The University of Leeds, 1996.
17. MonkаJ.аH.аThe Life of Richard Bentley, D.аD.а? London: J.аG. & F.аRivington, 1833.
18. OslerаM.аJ.аThe intellectual sources of Robert Boyle?s philosophy of nature: Gassendy?s
voluntarism, and Boyle?s physico-theological project in KrollаR.аW.аF., AshcraftаR., ZagorinаP.
(editors), Philosophy, Science, and Religion in England, 1640?1700.а? Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1992.
19. RousseauаJ.аJ.аOeuvres Completes de J.аJ.аRousseau avec des notes historiques. Tome
Deuxiшmeа? Paris: Editщ par Chez Furne, 1835.
20. ShanahanаT.аTeleological Reasoning in Boyle?s Disquisition about Final Causes, in
Robert Boyle Reconsidered, ed. by M.аHunterа? Cambridge: Cambridge University press,
1994.