ICEAA.2017.8065459

High Gain High Dense Dielectric Patch Antenna With A Holey
Superstrate for 5G Applications
M. Asaadi1
A. Sebak2
Abstract ? High gain low profile of a square dense dielectric
patch antenna using a perforated superstrate is presented. The
proposed patch antenna is excited by the aperture coupled
feeding technique. A dielectric superstrate is used to enhance
the gain of the proposed antenna. By drilling a set of identical
holes in the superstrate layer, the relative permittivity of the
dielectric superstrate is reduced, the antenna impedance
matching is improved, and the side lobe level is decreased. The
implemented antenna achieved a gain of 14.2 dBi at 28.5 GHz
with radiation efficiency of 91 %. Furthermore, the proposed
antenna has a good radiation pattern. Simulated results using
CST software are presented and discussed. For some attractive
advantages such as low profile, low cost, light weight, small size,
and ease of implementation, the proposed antenna is a good
candidate for millimeter-wave wireless communications.
1
(a)
INTRODUCTION
The demand for low profile high data rate high gain
antennas is always the primary pursuit in future 5G
applications which leads the research community
towards the development of next generation of wireless
communication [1]. Highly directional antennas are
needed to compensate the signal attenuation which is
due to high propagation loss caused by atmospheric
absorption [2]. Dielectric resonator have been
investigated in the late of 1960, and used as high Q
elements in microwave circuits such as filters, and
oscillators. Moreover, it has been used as dielectric
antennas (DRAs) since 1980s [3]. Recently, a new kind
of antenna element, the dense dielectric (DD) patch
antenna, is introduced in [4]. Thin dielectric substrate of
high permittivity is used to replace the metallic patch is
reported in [5]. U-slotted patch antenna fed a single
layer frequency selective surface (FSS) superstrate with
dissimilar size square patch is designed for broad
bandwidth applications [6]. However, the bandwidth is
limited to 7.99 % to 12.2 % with an efficiency of 69.1
%. A microstrip patch antenna with superstrate layer is
designed at 60 GHz to improve the antenna gain [7].
However, impedance bandwidth of 6.8 % is achieved
with high side lobe levels (SLL). Gain enhancement of
microstrip patch antenna using a holey superstrate is
reported in [8]. The gain of the antenna is about 6.9 dBi
and the antenna bandwidth is 3.8 %.
In this paper, a holey dielectric superstrate is applied
over a square high dense dielectric patch antenna to
increase the antenna gain, improve bandwidth and
efficiency, and to reduce the side lobe level. The
metallic patch is replaced with high dense dielectric
patch with relative permittivity of 82. The high dense
patch antenna is excited using the aperture coupled
feeding technique. Moreover, a set of uniform and
identical holes is drilled in a dielectric superstrate layer
(b)
Figure 1: Geometry of the proposed antenna: (a) side
view; (b) top view.
to diminish its relative permittivity, and to improve the
antenna performance. The proposed antenna offers high
gain, high radiation efficiency, wider bandwidth, and
low side lobe level. The presented antenna is a good
candidate for 5G applications. In section II, the antenna
structure is described, and the simulated results are
presented in section III. Finally, the conclusions of this
work are given in section IV.
The geometry of a single square DD patch antenna
is illustrated in Fig. (1). The square DD patch is a very
low profile with a length Lp=4.1 mm, and a height
Hp=0.15 mm with relative permittivity of 82. The DD
patch is designed on a Rogers Duoriod 6002 substrate
(top layer) with thickness h1=20 mil, (?r=2.94 and
tan?=0.0009). The bottom substrate is Rogers RT 3010
with the same thickness of the top substrate. The two
substrates has the same length and width (L=25 mm
&W= 21 mm). A 50 ? microstrip line is located on the
bottom side of the bottom substrate with Lf =10.73 mm,
and Wf =0.41 mm. Moreover, the aperture coupling
feed method is used to excite a DD patch antenna. The
coupling slot in the common ground plane between the
two layers has a length Ls=3.5 mm and width Ws=0.23
mm. Furthermore, a superstrate dielectric layer with a
relative permittivity of 10.2 and thickness hs =0.64 mm
is designed and applied over the DD patch antenna at a
distance d=5.5 mm above the DD. Moreover, the
________________________________________________________________________________________
1
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1M8,
e-mail: [email protected]
2
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 1M8,
e-mail: [email protected]
Л,(((
1109
dielectric substrate layer is perforated by a set of
identical periodical circular holes of diameter D= 1.76
mm (with period P= 3.5 mm and gap g= 1.74 mm)
placed along x and y axes.
Drilling holes on the dielectric superstrate layer can
change the effective permittivity of the material. An
effective relative permittivity of the holey superstrate
layer is calculated as [9],
radiation patterns of the antenna are shown in Fig. 5.
The sidelobe levels (SLLs) in the E-plane are < -18 dB,
whereas in the H-plane are < - 16.3 dB at 28.5 GHz. For
the superstrate without holes case, the corresponding
SLLs are < -14 dB and < -12.5 dB in the E-plane and Hplane, respectively.
16
14
? eff
╖
╕╕
╣
2
╖ ? з D
╕+ и
╕ 2 ий D + g
╣
╖
╕╕
╣
2
(1)
Effective perm ittivity
Fig. (2) illustrates the dependence of calculated
effective permittivity on the hole Diameter (D).
12
Gain(dB)
з
? з D
= ? r и 1 ? ии
и
2йD+g
й
10
8
6
11
4
10
2
0
26
9
With a holey superstrate
Without superstrate
With superstrate w/o holes
26.5
27
27.5
8
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
Figure 4: Gain of the proposed antenna.
7
6
0
5
E-plane
H-plane
-5
4
0
4
-10
Figure 2: Calculated effective permittivity of the
superstrate layer
-15
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
dB
D(mm)
2
28
Frequency ( GHz )
-20
-25
SIMULATED RESULTS
-30
The proposed antenna is studied and simulated using
CST software package. The reflection coefficient of
the antenna is illustrated in Fig. 3.
-35
-40
-120 -100 -80
0
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100 120
Theta ( Deg )
-5
Figure 5: E-plane and H-plane of the proposed antenna
S11(dB)
-10
-15
3
-20
A high gain broadband square high dense dielectric
patch antenna using a perforated superstrate is presented
and simulated. A simple feeding network is used to
excite the proposed antenna. A holey superstrate is
applied over the DD patch antenna. Furthermore,
drilling a set of circular holes in the superstrate plays a
significant role in reducing the side lobe levels and
improving the input impedance of the implemented
antenna. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth
of about 14 %. Moreover, a high gain of 14.2 dBi and
radiation efficiency of about 91 % are achieved. At the
resonance frequency, the proposed antenna has a good
radiation performance with SLL less than -18 dB, -16.3
dB in the E-plane and H-plane, respectively.
-25
-30
-35
-40
26
With a holey superstrate
Superstrate w/o holes
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
Frequency ( GHz )
Figure 3: Reflection coefficient of the proposed
antenna.
It can be noted that the return loss (S11 < -10dB) is good
with a wide bandwidth of almost 14 %. Fig. 4 shows the
gain of the antenna. It can be seen that the gain is as
high as 14.2 dBi at 28.5 GHz. E-plane and H-plane
1110
CONCLUSIONS
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