Патент USA US2036131

E. c. GAERTNER ET AL
ORNAMENTED CERAMIC STRUCTURE
Filed Aug. 18, 1934
2 Sheets-Sheet l
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ATTORNEYS.
Mm‘dh 31, mm, '
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E. c, GAEWTNER ET AL
ORNAMENTED CERAMIC
STR-UCTURE
Filed Aug. 18, 1934
270
EWW36JM3,
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‘2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .
I
' ATTORNEYS.
Patented Mar. 31', 19.3.6
2,036,131
UNll‘ED srArss
PATENT OFFHQE
2,036,131
ORNAMENTED CERAMIC’ STRUCTURE
Edward .C. Gaertner, Terre Haute, and
George W. Shoemaker, BraziL'Ind.
Application August 18, 1934, Serial No. ‘740,388
4 Claims.
This invention ‘relates to a system of building
structures, wherein the walls are provided with
.or ‘formed of exposed building units.
‘The chief object of this invention is to provide
a system of building units whereby certain ar
chitectural ornamental formations in structural
walls maybe obtained witha minimum of special
0
units, special equipment, special workmanship
andspecial labor.
it)
_
The chief feature of the invention consists in
providing a minimum number of building units
(01,. 72-18;)
pared with previous installations constructed as
aforesaid and this reduction is obtained through
the overlapping feature ‘possible with the use of
units embodying this invention, whereby exact
predetermined positioning of ends of Walls, open
commodate the regular coursing of mortar joints,
is not required; neither is “humoring” of the
joints of the included structural units in any one
course required or necessary; and neither is‘it
formation and of the desired shape, depending
necessary to bring the vertical coursing to any
predetermined height of ‘wall or opening which
heretofore has been necessary for the placing of
upon the particular purpose for which it is to be
sills, lintels and underbeams.
which may be of any desired outline or surface
' used and providingr therein one or more angularly
,outlined arranged portions which are relatively
detachable, whereby the composite unit may be
completed and handled in its entirety until im
‘ .rmediately prior to its. incorporation in the wall
:structure, whereupon the detachable portion, or
portions, is readily removed by the use of a
trowel, hammer or like instrument.
.Another and useful corollary feature of the
invention consistsin the ‘formation of a masonry
25 unitof the aforesaid character, which, when one
,or more readily detachable portions is removed
therefrom, is adapted to overlap and/or shroud
a portion of a wall comprised of a plurality of
standard building units, such as facing brick,
30 structural facing tile and machine made terra
cotta, as well as of plaster and other like sur
faced constructions.
i)
ings, and the like, heretofore necessary to ac
’
A further feature of the invention consists in
the elimination of the precise cutting of’ many
mitres of the standard abutting units for arched
openings andinclined ornamental units, such as
stair ‘risers, ramps, et cetera.
'
‘It is to ‘be understood that units of this general 20
‘character, although not necessarily, preferably
‘are of ‘a ‘structural facing tile type in that they
are of a ?red material.
While structures of ?red materials, by reason
of the variation in shrinkages during the ?ring
operation, heretofore have increased the cost of
building structures of this type, because the vari
ation in each unit had to be held to a predeter
mined minimum, thereby resulting in an enor
mous culling cost, withthe present invention, due
to the accommodation feature provided by the
overlapping inherent in the invention, most of
To appreciate the utility of this invention, it
need only be mentioned that heretofore in build
ing wall structures of structural facing tile, fac
ing brick, and the like, and particularly with
structural tile, it was and is necessary for the
the culled units are susceptible of inclusion in
the structural wall of the character set forth,
thereby furtherdecreasing the cost of the com 35
architect to position according to predetermined
formation ,of [the several units in substantially
block form with a removable angle, reduces defor
mationduring the ?ring andbreakage to a mini 40
mum during handling and transportation, until
positions, his various openings precisely as de
40 termined by the standard sizes of said units.
Whenever such openings were thus not posi
tioned, the aforesaid standard structural units
had to be cut to special lengths or heights with
a smooth edge, thus resulting in an enormous
wastage or the consumption of a large amount
of time,,-or the use of expensive machinery such
as‘ carborundum saws, and the like, thereby in
creasing the cost of a wall structure of this
character to the extent that the same can only
be utilized in the more expensive homes and
buildings.
‘The present invention through its overlapping
feature permits the use of structural tile, brick,
and the like, whenever and wherever desired and
55 at a very materiallyless cost of the same as com
pleted structural wall.
'
It is also apparent from the aforesaid that the
the ,unit is .to be actually installed, thereby fur
ther-reducingthe cost of a structural wall em
bodying this invention.
-It will also be apparent from-the aforesaid that
by reasonof the accommodation factor inherent
in the invention that the architectural cost is
reduced to aminimum because accurate and pre
cise positioning of openings is not required and
second, exact and precise positioning of the archi 50
tectural features inthe wall are not required and
this accommodation factor also permits of con—
siderable ?exibility in architectural design at sub
stantially lesser cost than present construction,
wherein it is more expensive to provide an open 55
2
2,036,131
ing than it is to build a flat wall, particularly if
the opening has any decorative value, whereas
with the present invention, decorative openings
may be provided at substantially the same or
lesser cost than the cost of the plain wall.
The chief purpose, therefore, of the present
invention is to bring the heretofore relatively ex—
pensive, ornamented tile wall within the price
Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive,
but shows an oppositely directed overlapping por
tion associated with an angularly removable por
tion, and the dotted lines extending across the
two adjacent walls representing an additional
alternative removable L-shaped portion, the dot
ted line I01’ at the corner representing a modi
?ed form of contour.
range of plain wall structures, which use struc
tural units and are without architectural orna
Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view of an in
ternal corner or cove unit, there being two units
mentation.
shown back to back and arranged for parting at
the median plane.
The present invention permits the employment
of different colors and textures between the wall
structure proper and the architectural ornamen
15 tation. Also the wall structure units and the
architecture ornamentation units need not be of
a predetermined ratio as to size, which hereto
fore has been necessary by reason of the precise
engineering determination.
In general also this invention in its incorpora
tion in the building structure permits the build
ing of the wall structure of the standard units,
leaving the desired openings for subsequent ?n
ishing with the architectural ornamentation units
embodying this invention and at a later date if
necessary, permitting the owner of the building
to select diiferent colors and textures as desired,
which will furnish the desired color combination
and desired architectural ornamentation that the
‘owner of the building determines by comparison
with the wall to be what he wants.
Also, this invention has the advantage that if
the architectural ornamentation should be in
corporated in the wall structure as it is being
Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view of a two wall
external corner unit provided with two L-shaped
detachable portions providing oppositely direct
ed overlapping portions and a central corner
forming portion, the dotted lines illustrating a
modi?ed form, wherein an additional central
portion may be included.
Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view of a unit
similar to Fig. 9, the detachable portions being
of angular arrangement in cross section, rather
than of L-shaped and the dotted lines extending
across the two connected walls representing al
ternative additional reliefs, permitting further '
detachment or reduction of the unit as required,
the central dotted lines extending from the top
to the bottom of the ?gure representing an al
ternative modi?ed form, wherein a central ad
ditional wall is provided.
Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view of a form
of the invention which is of recessed type on its
face and is provided with two oppositely directed
overlapping portions, two oppositely directed,
35 built up and if for some reason or other one or
more architectural units become lost, broken or
for some other reason, or the architectural units
readily detachable, L-shaped portions and a cen- ‘
are delayed in manufacture, then such delay, for
whatever cause, does not delay the progress to
40 ward completion of the building. In other words,
unit of Fig. l of the reverse form united by the
common wall, the dotted lines representing an
the building may be entirely completed, except
for the architectural ornamentation just as at
the present time in building structures, the en
tire building is completed and then the wood trim
45 is applied to the several openings.
While the invention has been shown speci?
cally applied to a structural unit wall, it need
not necessarily be applied thereto, because in re
modeling or in redecorating the ornamental pan
50 els may be utilized to replace wood trim in the
present structures. Likewise, the same replace
ment may be e?ected for the framing of windows
when the Wood trim only is to be replaced.
The full nature of the invention will be under
stood from the accompanying drawings and the
following speci?cations and claims:
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional
View of a building unit used generally as a clo
sure and having an L-shaped removable portion
to provide a projecting wall for overlapping pur
poses.
Fig. 2 is a View similar to Fig. 1 and of a simi
lar type of unit; however, of slightly different
surface contour.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Figs. 1 and 2, and of
a similar unit and of slightly di?erent surface
contour.
Fig. 4 is a view similar to the preceding ?gures
and of a unit having a diiTerent surface con
70 tour.
Fig. 5 is a view similar to Figs. 1 to 4, and of
a still further modi?ed form of contour of the
unit.
Fig. 6 is a similar view of still a further modi
?ed form and is similar to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive.
tral connecting wall or portion, Fig. 11 being
substantially a duplicate of Fig. 1 plus another
additional modi?ed form, permitting the removal 40
of additional detachable L-shaped sections.
Fig. 12 is similar to Fig. 11, as illustrated, by
the full lines thereof, except that in this form
the central partition wall is omitted and in this
respect is a duplicate of the upper two-thirds of
Fig. 1, plus the addition of a reversed portion
equal to the upper two-thirds of Fig. 1.
Fig. 13 is an enlarged transverse sectional view
of a false sill unit and previous to the removal of
the two readily detachable L-shaped sections and 50
is somewhat similar to the form of unit shown in
Fig. 7.
Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional view of the
composite unit similar to that shown in Fig. '7
in that it illustrates a rounded corner and the "5
molded contour shown dotted in Fig. 7 and it in
cludes a successive series of L-shaped, readily
removable sections associated each with the other
and with a common integral wall.
Fig. 15 is a transverse sectional view of the unit
similar to Fig. 14 showing an additional L-shaped
removable section for the same overall dimensions
and outline.
Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional view of a unit
similar to Figs. 14 and 15 having a still greater
number of L shaped removable sections for the
same over-all dimensions and outline.
Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a double cove unit
similar to that shown in Fig. 8, each half unit
having an integral extension and an L-shaped
readily detachable portion.
Fig. 18 is a front view of a right hand sill starter
unit embodying the invention.
Fig. 19 is an end view thereof.
Fig. 20 is a top plan view thereof.
75
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2,036,131
In the drawings, Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, illus
trate different contoured units which are sub
stantially alike functionally. In Fig. 1 of the
drawings, the numeral 4I indicates the front wall
‘of the unit. This is the exposed and suitably
?nished face. The numeral 42 indicates another
exposed and ?nished wall and the two are shown
connected by the Walls 43 and 44, forming a
tubular unit.
For doweling purposes, and the like, at suitable
10
intervals, and preferably at corners, the recesses
or openings 50 may be provided. Projecting from
the wall M, as a continuation thereof but offset
from the face of wall III, is the wing extension 45.
,15 In other words herein the back of wall 450. is
positioned so as to lie in a plane forwardly of the
front of wall 4Ia by the difference of a mortared
joint. The purpose of this will be set forth more
fully hereinafter.
,20
United to the end of wall 45 and to the junction
of walls 43 and 44 and at 4-8 and 49, is an L-shaped
‘portion 46 and 41, the portions 48 and 49 being
reductions in the walls 46 and 41.
These reduc
tions permit the L-shaped portion 46-41 to be
readily detached by a trowel or the like, from the
remainder of the unit, leaving a tubular unit with
the projecting wall 45 when thus detached.
In Fig. 2 similar parts of the unit shown therein
bear numerals from 5i to 50, inclusive, corre
sponding to the same parts in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3 the similar parts bear numerals from
BI to 10, inclusive.
In Fig. 4 the similar parts bear numerals from
"H to 80, inclusive.
In Fig. 5 the similar parts bear numerals from
8| to 90, inclusive.
In Fig. 6 the similar parts bear numerals from
9| to I00, inclusive.
The aforesaid represents various different forms
.40 or outlines of a jamb unit having a single wing
extension arranged for overlapping a wall at an
opening and providing a structural unit at the
wall opening for ?nishing the same.
In Fig. 7 there is illustrated a modi?ed form of
45 the invention. In this form of the invention the
unit is shown in a reversed arrangement—that is,
the detachable portion is shown at the lower left
hand corner of the ?gure, whereas in Figs. 1 to 6,
inclusive, the detachable portion is shown in the
upper left hand corner of the ?gure.
It will be
quite apparent that mere reversal of the units
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 would approximate the
showing of the positionof the unit shown in Fig. '7.
Fig. 7 illustrates two features that may be in
corporated with equal facility in any one of the
units shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive. In Fig. 7,
by the numeral I'III‘a, lies in a plane slightly in
front of or in some instances coincident with the
plane of the front face of the overhanging wall
I05, said face being designated by the numeral
I05a. Thus, Fig. 7 shows a still further modi?ed
form of the invention.
Also, as indicated at IIlI ', the two walls I02 and
IOI instead of meeting in a square corner, may
have a rounded surface connection.
As a further modi?cation of the invention, 10
which may be included also in any one of the
units shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, the wall
I03 may be united to wall I05 by a reduced por
tion IE8’ and similarly wall I04 may be united
to wall I02 by a reduced portion I09’. In other
words, this modi?ed form of the invention illus
trates broadly a succession of L-shaped detach
able portions similarly associated in the unit.
The unit shown in Fig. "I, while suitable for use
as a jamb unit whenever the space is insufficient 520
to permit the utilization of the tubular forma
tion, is primarily a sill unit. As heretofore
stated, the units shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive,
are primarily jamb units.
Fig. 3 illustrates a unit which may be used £25
as a plinth block.
For internal ccrners or cove units, in order
that a complete disclosure of the entire system
may be set forth, there has been illustrated in
vFig. 8 such a unit and for production purposes 30
and reduced handling and also to reduce break
age, the internal corner or cove unit is preferably
made double. The main wall is indicated by the
numeral III
has a concave, ?nished surface
contour II2 with ornamentation I I8 at each end. 35
The back wall portion is indicated by the numeral
H3 and an extension IIII projects therefrom.
Suitable recesses or passages ill for doweling
are also provided. rI‘he two portions I Ir'i as united
by reduced portions H6 and the two adjacent
portions of the meeting walls III are united by
the reduced portion M5. Thus the two units
are positioned back to back and are tied together
like the Siamese twins by the reduced portions
I I5 and IIS and are readily separable by the use 45
of a trowel or other suitable instrument.
In each of Figs. 9 and 10, there is illustrated
a two-wall corner unit of external or convex
type.
In Fig. 9 the numeral III} indicates the
rounded corner wall which at the ends is pro
vided with dowel recesses or openings I21. Pro
jecting laterally from each end of the curved
or suitably contoured wall I I9, is a ?nished Wall
or wing extension I201; and an oppositely directed
?nished wall or wing extension I202). Extending 55
towards each other from each of the junctions of
the numerals beginning with IN and terminating
said wings with the curved corner portion I I9, are
with IIO represent like or similar parts similar
to the same parts similarly designated by con
la0 secutive numerals 4| to I00 in Figs. 1 to 6, inclu
the walls I280. and 62873‘ which are united together
sive, respectively. In other words, I05 and I0‘!
represent an L-shaped portion united by the re
duced portions I08 and I09 to the overlapping
wing extension I05 and the back wall I04, re
; spectively. Wall I03 together with wall I02 form
with wall WI and wall I04, the tubular body struc
ture. Wall I02 and wall IIII constitute the ex
posed surfaces. The overlapping wall or wing
extension in shown at I05.
In this form of the invention, however, there is
a distinct reversal. Heretofore, the overlapping
wall has been shown positioned so that its rear
face lies in a plane ahead of the ?nished face of
the tubular portion. In the present form of the
7.5. invention, the rear wall of portion IOI, designated
50
at I24.
Suitably secured to the portion I24 at I23 and 60
suitably secured to the overlapping wing wall I200.
at I23, is an L-shaped structure having, the wall
portion IZIa and I22a associated with the
wall I28a and the wall portion IZIbI and IN?)
is similarly associated with the wall I201).
65
The dotted lines indicated at I25 in Fig. 9
represent a central or partition wall which may
be utilized whenever desired. It extends from
wall I24 to wall He.
Also, if, as and when desired, the walls I28a 70
and I28b may be associated with the junction of
walls I20a and the adjacent corner of wall “9
and wall I20b with the adjacent‘corner of wall
H9 by the reduced portions I25aI and I251); re
spectively.
785
4
10
15'
20
25
2,036,131
The unit shown in Fig. 9 embodying the cen
tral wall I25 and having the two L-shaped por
tions removed, is shown at 203 in Fig. 17 and is
illustrated in elevation in Fig. 16.
In Fig. 10 a slightly modi?ed form of the inven
tion shown in Fig. 9 is illustrated. In this form
of the invention, I29 indicates the curved corner
wall at the ends of which may be provided the
recessing or passages I37 for dowel reception and
from the opposite ends of corner wall I29 project
the overlapping walls or wing extensions I30a
and I 305. Extending towards each other from
said connections, are the walls I38a and I381)
united together at portion I34. Extending across
from portion I34 to wall I29, there may be pro
vided an intermediate central wall I35, shown
dotted. If desired, walls I33CL and I38b may be
connected to walls IBM and I301) by the reduced
portions I35, shown dotted, if, as and when
desired.
Extending towards each other from the ends of
each of the‘ overlapping portions I390, and I361)
are the walls I 3i a and I3Ib, respectively, associ
ated together by the reduced portions I33. A
continuation of each of said walls is indicated at
I32a and I321), respectively, and the same are as
sociated with walls I 33a and I331), respectively, at
the junction I34 by the reduced portions I33. In
this form of the invention, the readily detachable
30 portion I3Ia and I32a or I3Ib and I32b are of
angular formation, as distinguished from the
right angular or L-shaped form heretofore illus
trated in all of the ?rst nine ?gures, excluding
Fig. 8. Broadly, therefore, the invention con
templates the formation of the readily detach
able portion of angular outline and as a speci?c
form of the invention, such angularity is L
shaped. In certain types of production, the cor
ner unit with the angle arrangement shown in
Fig. 10 will lend itself to more rapid and less
expensive production than the form of the unit
shown in Fig. 9.
Whenever additional architectural ornamenta
tion is desired, as for paneling and border work, a
45 duplication, as it were, of units I to 6 may be em
ployed and herein two forms of such duplication
are illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12. The unit shown
in Fig. 11 includes primarily a front wall I49, 2.
back wall I54, and two side walls I58a and I581).
said walls being provided at suitable positions
with recesses or passages I5'I for the reception of
doweling, or the like. If desired, wall I581) may
be connected to wall I49 by the reduced portion
I56a and when so connected, the wall I54 is con
55 nected to the central wall I55 interposed ‘between wall I54 and Wall I49 by the reduced por
tion I56b. Each of said walls I580. and I581)
may be thus connected if, as and when desired.
Extending laterally from wall I49 and at each
end of said wall, are the walls or Wing exten
sions I50a and I551). The back face of wall I5Ila
or I561) as illustrated in Fig. 11, lies in a plane
slightly in front of the front face of wall I49.
The end of each wall I59 of the respective sub
scripts, is connected to one end of an L-shaped
readily detachable portion, including the wall
I5I of the same subscript and the wall I52 of the
same subscript. The reduced connection I53
70. connects the last mentioned wall to the wall I58
of the same subscript.
The unit shown in Fig. 11 is of the reentrant
type. It is similar in a way to the unit shown in
Fig. 7 but constitutes, as it were, a duplication
, of the same.
As previously set forth, when thus
constructed it includes four readily detachable L
shaped sections. The unit shown in Fig. 11 is
similar to the unit shown in Fig. 13, in that the L
shaped portions which are detachable, are oppo
sitely directed and in that respect the unit shown
in Fig. 11 is similar to Figs. 9 and 10 but as re
s'pects the two successive L-shaped portions,
which are similarly directed, Fig. 11 is compa
rable to the unit in Fig. 7 and of the modi?ed
form thereof and is similar also to the unit shown 10
in Figs. 14, 15 and 16, which show the successive
arrangement of a plurality of L-shaped detach
able portions.
In Fig. 12 a modi?ed form of the unit is illus
trated. This also is of the reentrant type, al 15
though it will be readily understood it may be of
the opposite type. The wall I39 is connected at
its ends to two parallel walls, I48a and I482), and
these are connected at their ends by wall I44
forming a tubular unit. Extending outwardly 20
from each end of wall I39, are the overlapping
walls or wing extensions M011 and I4lJb. The
rear faces of the walls Mud and I405 lie in a
plane slightly ahead or in front of the ?nished
surface of wall I39. When the structure is not 25
of the reentrant type, the arrangement of the
walls is preferably that as shown in Fig. '7, where
in the overlapping wall is offset rearwardly so
that its ?nished surface lies somewhere behind
the surface of the front wall of the tubular unit 30
and preferably in line with or behind the rear
face of the front wall thereof.
Each end of the overlapping extension is con
nected by a reduced portion I43 to‘ an L-shaped
Wall bearing the corresponding numeral sub 35
scripts. Thus wall I40a is connected to the wall
I44 at the junction of the wall I48a by the re
duced portion I43 and the angularly arranged
portions I4Ia and I42a. Similarly, wall M01) is
connected by an L-shaped structure bearing‘ sim
ilar numerals with the subscript “b”. It will be
apparent from the comparison of Figs. 11 and
12, that Fig. 12 is a simpler unit, in that it only
illustrates two L-shaped removable portions op
positely directed and it includes a tubular struc 45
ture with two diverging wings which are in sub
stantial alignment. In this respect, unit I2 is
similar to Figs. 9 and 10, except the two overlap
ping wings of the units in Figs. 9 and 10 extend
angularly of each other.
Fig. 11 differs from Fig. 12 in that the tubular
portion, instead of being a single unit, as shown
in Fig. 12, is of a double unit type with the cen
tral partition wall and in this manner broadly
conforms to the original disclosure in Figs. 9 and 55
10, wherein the wall I25 and wall I35, respec
tively, are comparable to‘ wall I55. However, in
this form the two overlapping wings are in align
ment with each other, whereas in Figs. 9 and 10
they are angular of each other. However, Fig. 11, 60
as stated, includes two successive L-shaped de
tachable portions and two oppositely directed L
shaped portions as well. Figs. 9 and 10 do not
show anything more than two oppositely directed
L-shaped portions or two oppositely directed 65
angular portions, respectively, with which may be
associated a substantially v-shaped portion that
is readily detachable, as shown dotted therein.
While in Figs. 9 and 10, the wing walls are
shown of equal length as to the extension and as 70
of similar contour in each wing, the wings of
either of said forms may be of unequal length
and also to dissimilar outline.
Also, the units shown in Figs. 11 and 12 may be
similarly modi?ed.
76
2,036,131
The‘ brick manufacturer only makes full length
and half brick. The facing tile manufacturer
makes short lengths of the 12” unit, to wit, 4", 6",
8" and 10”‘ short length units. The overlap ac
commodation, of the invention therefore, is suffi
tachable L-shaped portions and in that respect
particularly, said units correspond to the modif
?ed forms shown by full and dotted lines in.
Figs. 7, 9, 10 and 11.
cient‘to cover any variation of length of span and
the same general outline so that for exterior‘ pur
utilize the closest length without cutting the lat
poses and architectural ornamentation, they all‘~
ter.
Probably the biggest ?eld of the invention for
are the same.
10 the present is for single face wall or veneer con
struction, and the overlap is bonded to the end
and a portion of the face by a mortar joint which
insures perfect plumbness in the ornamentation
in spite of slight variation or irregularity in the
15 contour of wall units proper.
The provision of spacing for a mortar joint
between the overlapping portion and'the over
lapped face of the wall provides for the aforesaid
accommodation.
The projection of the end of the overlap is
20
sufficient to cover a projection from a wall of such
standard brick and facing tile units, as the “sani
tary cove” and the ogee Wainscot cap, and,
therefore, these units may be used in conjunction
with the units embodying this invention, without
the necessity of using the many various hand
molded closures heretofore necessitated.
Unit 255 is clearly illustrated in Fig. 13 and it
will be noted that Fig. 13 illustrates a further
modified‘ form of the general arrangement shown
in. Figs. 1a to‘ 6, and Fig. 7. It will be noted that
in‘ Figs. 1: to 7 but one L-shaped portion is de
tachable, while in Fig. 7 in the modi?ed form, two
L-shaped portions are detachable, leaving but two
35K exposed walls. In Fig. 13, the unit has two L
slraped portions which are readily detachable and
a central or partition wall projecting rearwardly
from the main wall body portion and interme
diate'the ends.
In Fig; 13, the exposed wall portion is indi
cated by'the numeral 291 and the transverse wall
is ‘indicated’ by the numeral 289. The corner is
shown rounded and in that respect is similar
to. the modi?cation indicated at HM’ in Fig. 7.
‘Extending parallel to the wall 29!] and of greater
length and at the opposite end of the portion
291‘, is a wall 293. Extending oppositely from
the wall 29! and from the wall 293 is the wall
portion 292. In this form of the invention also,
501 the. front face 292a cf portion 292 lies behind the
40."
rear face, 229m of portion 28!, and in this par
ticular also this unit is similar to the unit shown
in Fig. 7. The walls 2% and 293 are united by
L-shaped readily detachable portions 29419 and
29152) by the reduced portions 29% and 2911),
respectively, the latter constituting the reduc
tions in said walls to facilitate ready and prede
termined detachment. Similarly, Walls 292 and
293 are connected by an L-shaped readily de
60 tachablewall having portions 295a and Etta, the
same being attached to said walls by the reduced
portions 291a and 296a, respectively.
The unit
255 shown in Fig. 13 or one like it, may have
the‘ two L-shaped detachable portions removed
therefrom‘.
In Figs. 14 to 16, inclusive, there is illustrated
a unit which is similar in many respects to units
shown in Figs. 1 to 7, 9 to 11 and 13. It will be
noted in Fig. 13 the two L-shaped portions, or
70: broadly speaking the angular portions, are op
positely directed and in that respect, Fig‘. 13 is
comparable broadly to Figs. 9 to 12, inclusive.
With respect to Figs. 14 to 16, inclusive, these
?gures represent units that have a multiplicity of
75 successively and similarly arranged readily de
Figs. 14 to 16 also represent a single unit of
For structural purposes, however‘,
and for different requirements, they differ, be~
cause while the units have the same overall dl-i 10"
mansions as to width and depth and can have
the same overall dimension as to length, unless’
full and fractional length units are formed, these
units provide different degrees of detachment.
In Fig. 14, there are three successive and simi-i
larly arranged detachable portions. In Fig. 15
there are four and in Fig. 16 there are five.
In Fig. 1a, the numeral 260 indicates the top
wall which is ?nished, numeral 263' a wall: ap
proximately at right angles thereto, numeral 264' 20
an extension thereof, numeral 2640!. a further
extension and numeral 26% a still further exf~
tension. Wall 250 is united to wail 263, in addi
tion to the direct connection, by Walls 26! and
252. The junction of walls 262 and 26! is united
to the wall 264 by the L-shaped portions 265
and 266, the connection being by reduced pore
tions 261 and 2%, respectively. Successive L
shaped portions bearing the subscript “a” andv
“b” are similarly united by the reduced por~
tions 261a and 26117, and ‘268a and 2681), re‘
spectively.
One or more of the L-shaped portions suc
cessively may be detached from the unit.
In Fig. 15, wall 2'5!) is positioned similarly to
wall 266. Wall 213 is similar to 263 andv walls214, 211411, 21%. and 2140 are continued exten~~
sions of Wall 214 and are similar in outline and‘
total length tov the unit shown in Fig. 14. Walls
2'“ and 212 are similar to walls 26! and 262 40
of Fig. 14. The L-shaped portions 2'15 and 216
are’ united in a similar manner by the reduced
Wall portions 211 and 218. Similar L-shaped’
extensions and similar reduced connecting por
tions bearing similar numerals with the sub
scripts “a”, “b” and “o”, are illustrated.
In, Fig. 16, wall 286 is similar to walls 260 and
216' of’ Figs. 14' and 15. Wall 283 is similar to
walls 2%‘ and 213 and the extensions 284, 284d,
28%, 2860 and 284d constitute an extension of 50$
the same length and outline as wall portions 264,
261300 and 26th in Fig. 14 and 214, 214a, 2141) and
2M0 in Fig. 15. The connecting walls 28l and
282 complete the permanent portion of the unit
and a plurality of successive L-shaped readily 55'
detachable portions, herein ?ve in number, are
associated therewith. The ?rst of these is indi
cated by the numerals 285 and 286 connected by‘
the reduced portions 281 and 288 to the junc
tion of walls 281 and 282 and wall 284. Suc-> 60%
cessive L-shaped readily detachable portions are
similarly positioned and are similarly connected,
the several successive portions being designated
by similar numerals bearing the successive sub
ila77, Mb)!’ ‘(C3,
‘(d,,.
In. Fig. 17, there is illustrated a modi?ed and
multiple form of the unit shown in Fig. 8 and
which embodies the singie wing extension and an
L-shaped readily removable portion, and in this
respect the unit shown in Fig. 17 is similar to a
combination of the disclosures of units illus
trated in Figs. '7 and 8. In said Fig. 17, the
numeral M2 indicates the finished reentrant sur
face of the cove or corner unit, the body por
6
2,036,131
tion being formed by two oppositely directed
portions 4H and M3, Extending oppositely from
the portion 413, is the wing “4. It is not ?n
ished. The corners of the cove unit may be
.?nished either as shown at H8 in Fig. 8 or as
illustrated in Fig. 17 and indicated by the
numeral M8.
The cove units may also have the
dowel openings All. The L-shaped portion is
indicated by the numerals M9 and 42D and por
10. tion M9 is united to the portion MI by the re_
duced portion 4 I5 adjacent the surface M8, while
portion 420 of the L-shaped, readily detachable
portion is united to the wing extension 4“ by
the reduced portion M6. For manufacturing
purposes, this type of cove unit readily lends
itself to dual production and when so produced,
the portions 413 are united by a readily detach
able connecting portion HI and portions 4| 4
adjacent their free ends are similarly united by
the readily detachable portion 422.
In Figs. 18 to 20, inclusive, a right hand end
sill starter unit is illustrated. This unit has the
same outline or architectural ornamentation as
the sill unit shown in Fig. '7. In Figs. 18 to 20,
the front face is indicated by the numeral 5H].
The face 5| l is un?nished and substantially abuts
the adjacent sill and (of course, separated by the
mortar joint therefrom). The opposite face 5“
suitably merges with face 5| 0 and 5| 2.
30
An L
of these units are suitably glazed, if, and when
desired, and may be suitably colored so that any
desired tint or color may be obtained; further—
more, the surface may be any desired texture or
?nish.
To illustrate the advantage of the present sys
tem in a certain proposed installation, it was esti
mated that with the old method of construction
for a certain architectural ornamentation, elimi
nating entirely the question of increased cost due
to exactness of laying, increased cost due to pre
cise architectural design and other expenses in
cidental thereto, that ?fty-?ve different types
of present standard construction units were neces—
sary to secure the architectural ornamentation
desired and to secure the requisite ?nishing of
the several 'walls and openings.
However, this same desired construction and
ornamentation with the new units embodied
therein, required but sixteen different types of new 20
units. The volume of structural work remained
substantially the same. It is quite apparent that
due to the saving factor in the elimination of
breakage, the saving factor in the elimination of
cutting and the elimination of special ?tting of 25
the units together, all permitted a much lower
price to be quoted for the proposed construction
when it was to be built of units of the present
invention.
shaped portions 5I3--5l4-see Fig. 20,-is pro
Furthermore, the present invention has the ad
vided at one corner, and herein is shown dotted
vantage that the number of units are a minimum
having been removed. It is secured by reduced
portions 515 and 5H5, respectively, to the main
for any given job and are of predetermined
lengths, it, of course, being understood that the
units may be made in half, full and double
lengths. This eliminates the complexity and con 35
body portion. This cutout or corner 5|‘! is pro
vided to accommodate the jamb unit. The unit—~
see Fig. l9—also includes the L-shaped readily
detachable portion 5l8-5I9 united by the re
duced portions 520 and 52I, respectively, to the
under the old and standard type of construction,
with the predetermined positioning of each piece
body portion, having the depending overlapping
in an exact location in the architectural design.
wing 522 to overlap the upper course of the wall
at the opening.
It will be apparent from the foregoing descrip
tion that the basic form of the ornamental struc
tural unit comprises a unit having at least two
?nished faces or the equivalent thereof, and at
least one angularly outlined, and usually L
is no interchangeability with these ?fty-?ve
pieces, as a general rule. With the present con
struction there is a considerable range of inter
changeability so that should a piece be broken,
become lost or be missing, the construction can 45
shaped in outline, readily detachable portion.
fusion resulting from the use of ?fty-?ve shapes
Furthermore, in the actual construction, there 40
proceed, leaving the gap for that particular piece,
Other forms of the invention disclose the utiliza
tion of two angularly arranged, readily detach
if necessary, and no other duplicate unit is avail
able.
Furthermore, due to the fact that but sixteen
able portions and in some instances, these are
different types are required, it is possible to in 50
of L-shaped outline.
A further form of the invention contemplates
the positioning of the angularly or L-shaped
outlined extensions when of plural character,
either in succession and similarly directed or op
positely directed and in certain instances, both
oppositely and successively directed and in cer
tain instances in longitudinal alignment and in
other instances in angular relation. Each of the
60 units has the fundamental distinction that by re
moval of a portion of the same, there is provided
a ?nished portion adapted for overlapping pur
poses and in most instances, except the multiple
attached form in Fig. 13, the form shown in Fig.
clude in any bill of material at least one extra
piece of each size at a very small cost, whereas
with ?fty-?ve different shapes, such a procedure
is practically prohibitive.
As further evidence of the utilitarian value and 55
the savings that are possible, it is pointed out that
for any given construction, there are at the pres
ent time, excluding the present invention, three
desirable sanitary types of permanent struc
tures—?rst, the salt glazed type which includes 60
no, or but little, architectural ornamentation or
color ?exibility; second, the terra cotta construc~
tion with all of its advantages, and third, the
standard tile structural construction in ceramic
8 and a detached form of the unit, as installed,
glazes. The cost of these is as follows: The salt 65
usually includes a tubular type structure.
Each of the units may, if desired, be provided
with dowel receiving recesses, although they have,
for the sake of clearness, been omitted in Figs.
13 to 16, inclusive, although it is to be understood
they are usually included therein. The doweling
is not illustrated in those ?gures, wherein the sev~
eral units in their structural application are shown
glaze is the lowest, the terra cotta usually is the
highest, and the ceramic glaze is usually a very
on a relatively small scale.
It will be quite apparent that the exposed faces
close second to the terro cotta.
With the present invention, which is especially
adapted to the ceramic glaze type, there is ob 70
tained three distinct advantages; all of the ad
vantages of ornamentation and color selectivity
possible with terra cotta or ceramic glaze and at
a price that is very close to the salt glaze con
struction, without any ornamentation for a ?n
75
2,036,131
ished wall. Most of this saving is effected in the
matter of installing the units in construction of
the wall, the speci?c advantages having been set
forth hereinbefore.
While the invention has been described in great
detail in the foregoing speci?cation and various
modi?cations thereof have been speci?cally illus
trated and described, the aforesaid is not to be
considered as restrictive in character nor the sole
10 modi?cations that are possible. The several
modi?cations illustrated and described here, as
well as others which will readily suggest them
selves to persons skilled in the ceramic and ma
sonry art, are all considered to be within the
15 broad scope of this invention, reference being had
to the appended claims.
The invention claimed is:
1. An architectural unit including a body pre
senting a plurality of ?nished exterior faces dis
20 posed at angles to each other, a pair of walls
integral with and disposed at angles to each other
and detachably connected at their ends to said
- body, the outer face of one of said walls disposed
in the same plane with an exterior ?nished face
25 of said body.
7
2. An architectural unit including a body pre
senting a plurality of ?nished exterior faces dis
posed at angles to each other, a pair of walls
integral with and disposed at angles to each
other, the edges of said walls detachably con
nected to the rear of exterior ?nished faces of
said body.
3. An architectural unit including a body hav
ing substantially right angularly disposed ex
terior ?nished faces, a pair of Walls disposed at 10
right angles to each other, the ends of said walls
detachably connected to the rear of said body
so that the outer faces of said Walls are disposed
in substantially the same planes as said ?nished
faces whereby the unit assumes a substantially 15
rectangular shape in cross section.
4. An architectural unit including a hollow
body bounded by walls and assuming a substan
tially rectangular shape in cross section, certain
adjacent walls of said body having ?nished ex 20
terior faces, and the remaining walls of said unit
connected along weakened lines to the interior
faces of the ?rst mentioned walls.
EDWARD C. GAERTNER.
25
GEORGE W. SHOEMAKER.