Патент USA US2382827

Aug. 14, 1945.
c_ E, SPRAGUE ET AL I
2,382,827
REVERSING SPLIT PHASE MOTOR
Filed Sept. 1, 1.942
§§
7
2 Sheets-Sheet l
I Aug. 14, 1945.
c. E. SPRAGUE ET AL
2,382,827
REVERSING SPLIT PHASE MOTOR
Filed Sept. 1, 1942
/0
2 Sheets-Sheet 2
Patented Aug. 14, 1945
UNITED " ‘STATES PATENT 1
OFFICE
2,382,827
‘ WING SPLIT-PHASE MOTOR
Chester E. Sprague and Nelson M. Sprague,
_ Application September 1, 1942, Serial No. 456,848
4 Claims. ‘(CL 172-279)
This invention relates generally to split phase
motors and particularly to an instant reversing
switch therefor.
'
:
the motor governor and the frictional switch
parts in a position of rest.
-
‘Fig. 9 is a section taken along the line 9-!
inv Fig. 8.
struct an instant reversing switchfor split phase
Similar numerals
motors employing a purely mechanical means
throughout the severalrefer
views. to similar parts
for varying the relationship of the windings in
Referring in detail to the drawings, there is
stead of employing relays, transformers and
shown
in dotted lines the position of the rotor
other electrical elements. commonly employed in.
ll
of
a
motor whose shaft ll journals in the
actuated reversing switches.
10 bearing I 2 which forms a part of the stationary
ele'f‘rireipstgmd object is to construct a reversing
casing ll.
switch of the class described which can be re
Attached to the rotor lo is _a common form of
’versed without waiting for the motor to come
The main object of this invention is to con
governor frame ll whose inturned arms It are
rockable on the pivots It.
. The third object is toconstmct a switch of the 15 ‘The arms II are provided with counter-v
- class described especially adapted for use in
weights ll which move outwardly as shown in
connection with motors‘ where instant reversing
Fig. 6 when the motor attains speed. The arms
is desirable,’ such as on ‘a‘screw cutting lathe,
I! bear against the ?ange it of a slidable
elevators, and other types of equipment.
to a full stop.
' '
'
' The fourth objectv is to construct a switch of‘ 20
the class described whereinthe rotation of the
rotor in either direction will set the switch or
prepare it for the next reversing operation which .
is‘ initiated by a manual operation or by an elec-v
-
0
rated actuator such as a solenoid.
trig-113mg; object is to construct a simple and
eilicient form of switch for the purpose stated
which will require a minimum amount of mate
rial essential in other lines of industry, and which
plastic collar ll whose bell shaped end 20 is '
commonly employed to control the starting wind
ing circuit by means of a switch which is re
placed by our device.
Referring particularly to our invention, same
will be seen to consist of two principal parts;
namely, ‘a frictionally set switch unit F, and a
manually actuated switch unit M.
Frictionallv set switch unit
The frictionally set switch unit F consists of
can be applied to approximately; ninety percent 30 a base 2| of insulating ‘material which is spaced
h s lit hase motors now n use.
_
from the motor casing ll by means of collars 22
ofvt’eeacgomglish these and other objects in the
and secured to the casing II by means of the
manner set forth in the following specification
screws 23.
as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
The base II is provided with a circular open
hich:
'
ing
24 through which the shaft l I can pass with
1w Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the parts
" out touching same.
On the base II are mounted
in position for clockwise rotation of the motor.
the spring contact arms 25 and 26 whose con
' Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing
tact points 21 and 28 are diametrically opposite
the parts in position for a counter-clockwise
rotation of the motor.
v
Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the man
ually operated switch taken along the hue 3-3
in Fig. 4 with the cover removed.
'
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the manually op- .
erated switch with the cover cut along the line’
Fi . 3.
5132.115 is8 a section taken along the line 5-5 in
. 3.
1alg?g. 6 is a side elevation of the frlctionaily
eachother.
Encircling the shaft II and spaced therefrom
. is a collar 28 of insulating material on which
is secured a friction ring III- on the rear side of
which is secured the hook plate 3| whose ends
I! and I3 are provided with slots 34' and 35 which
will freely receive the bodies 36 and 31 of the
vscrews 38 and 39. The screws 38 and 39 are
threaded into the projections 40 of the base 2|.
A spring Ii-A is placed on the screw body 36
between a projection 40 and the plate ll. A
positioned switch unit showing the position of '50 spring tl-A is placed on the screw body 31 be
the parts when the rotor is turning in a clock
wise direction.
Fig. 7 is a section taken along the line 1-7-1
in Fig. 6.
tween a projection 40 and the plate ll.
Between the hook plate 3| and the base 2| is
mounted the ?oating plate 4| through which the
bodies 36» and 31 of the ‘screws 38 and it freely
Fig.8 is a viewslmilar to Fig. 6 but snowingos pass.
The ?oating plate ll has provided at its
assassv
outerends4land4l,thecontactpolnts44and
tlwhoselead Ilisconnectedtothe contacts 14
4| which are in alinement wth the contact
points "and".
and". Thecontact 'Ilisconnectedbythelead
‘I tothe runningwinding l2 oithe motor. The
winding llisconnectedbytheleadlitotheeon
urledawayiromthemembersllandllbythe
tact".
The operation of this switch is as follows:
ltwillbenotedthatthe?oatingplate?is
springs ‘Handl‘I-Asothatwhichcver end
oithearmslloraisnotensalinll?lmv
Assumlngthat the parts are in a position of
"orllwillbetreetopermititsassociated
restasinl'ls. 8,that is,withthemember II in
an outward position in which it bears against the
contact points to separate. That is. if the arm
88,iorexample,asshowninl'lg.7,isnot latched 10 friction ring II and the lever I1 is moved to a posi
tion which will bring about a clockwise rotation of
under the head ot'thescrewll,tbenwhen the
motor comes in to speed and the bell shaped
' end II is retracted, the points II and 42 separate
_ the rotor ll, it- !ollows that the clockwise rotation
of the member 20 will, through frictional engage
ment with the disc >80, rotate the disc 80 and its
leaving the starting windings reset for a reverse
rotation.
’
'
15 attached arms 32 and I! in a clockwise direction,
Isnuallu actuated switch unit
causing the slot 34 to engage the body II of the
spring contact arms ‘I8, ‘I4, ‘II, and ‘I. which ‘are
reversing action can take place.
This is especially desirable where quick rever
sals are desired. It will be noted also that with
this arrangement, there is a de?nite blocking or
screw as latched thereon as shown in Figs. 1, 6
The manually actuated switch unit M consists
and 7.
of a base 44 which may be mounted on the motor
It will be seen in Fig. 1 that current now ?ows
or any other convenient place, and which is pro 20 from the line wire 95 to the contact arm Ii to the
vided with the ends 41 and 4| between which are
circular contact ‘ll, across the rivet ‘II to the bar
disposed the bars as and II of insulating mate
it which engages the contact arms ‘I! and 14.
rial.
The contact ‘I3 permits current to now through
A cylindrical switch rotor II is also disposed
the‘ lead II to the running winding 82 and the
between the ends 41 and 4| and is pivoted to the 25 members ‘I, ‘It, ‘I0 and 84 to the line 84, and
end 40 by means 01 the pin 52 which forms a part
simultaneously current flows from the contact
of the head It, which in turn is secured to the
arm ‘I4 to the starting winding 89 to the ?oating
end 4| while the pin I! extends ireely into the
plate 4|.
rotor ll.
'
Now it will be remembered that the armature or
The rotor II is provided with an end slot 84
rotor is is not yet in motion or up to speed, and
to receive the tongue I! which projects from the
the parts are still in a position shown in Fig. 8.
cylindrical head ‘I of the rotor II and a?ords a
That is, with the contacts 11 and 45 engaging and
means ior rotating the rotor Si by means of the
the contacts 28 and 44 .engaging. Therefore cur
hand lever 51 which is mounted on a bushing 58
rent can ?ow through the starting winding arm
and secured to the stub shaft II by means 0! a set 35 N, the lead 30 to the line 94 causing the rotor I.
screw CI.
to turn in the desired direction. However, as
The ‘member I! is provided with the stops 8i
soon as it attains speed and the counter-weight
g and ‘I to limit the movements of the member II.
i1 is thrown outward by centrifugal force to the
A spring urged pawl CI engages the cylindrical
position shown in Fig. 6 wherein the member 2|
surface '4 and is contained within the guide 05. 40 is retracted, then the contacts It and 44 are sepa
The surface 04 is provided with an intermediate
rated. thereby interrupting the flow of current
notch 00 which holds the member II in an of!
through the starting winding I! until the position
position.
of the lever 51 is reversed to that shown in Fig. 2.
The member II is provided with an elongated
A better understanding oi’ this device may be
contact bar I‘! at one side 01' one end and a simi 45 gained by the simple statement that during any
lar bar 60 at the other side of the other end there
rotation of the rotor 40, the frictional unit 1'' is
of. The bar ll is connected to the circular con
set to a reversed position but does not become
tact ‘I by means of the rivet ‘II while the contact
effective unitl the lever I‘! is operated manually.
bar it is connected to the circular contact ‘H by
That is to say, it the motor is operating in a
50
means of the rivet 12.
clockwise direction, it is irictionally set to have
The rivets ‘ll and ‘II are shown as parts of the
the relation between its starting and running
contacts I‘! and It in the diagrammatic views I
circuits instantly reversed by a manual switch
and I in which the member II is illustrated as a
operation, through purely mechanical means
shaft for the sake of clearness.
and without the employment of excessive and
It will be seen in Figs. 3. and 4. that there are 55 cumbersome transformers, relays, etc., and with
disposed on the bar II a plurality of adjustable
out waiting for the rotor to come to rest before
secured to the bar ll by means of the screws ‘II.
The arms 14 and II are tied together electrically
bymeans of the bar 18. Adjusting screws 10 con
trol the pressure of the contact points ll against
electric braking action set up to oii'set the inertia -
the surface of the member II or the contact mem
oi the rotor and prevent excessive strain on the
bers I1, ‘I, It, and ‘Ii.
Similar arms ll, 02, ll, and "are disposed
alongthebarllbutthesecontactsareallsepa
rate. Thatis,theyarenotlinkedbyamember
similartothebar ‘ll. A cover "encloses the
mechanism just described.
lnconnectingtheunitsl'andutoasplit phase»
moving parts.
85
In practice, it is desirable to provide an anti- v
friction thrust bearing between the members II
and 4| in order that the coeiiicient oi’ friction
between the members 20 and ll be greater than
, between the members II and 4| so that the mem
motomthccontactsllanduareconnectedto 70 her 2| may irictionally drive the parts in the
desired direction.
thepowerlines OI and“. The contact '8 is
oonnectedbyaleadlitothecontsctarm?
We are aware that numerous devices have
whilethecontactllisconnectedbytheleads‘l
been constructed in the past for reversing mo
tors. We therefore do not claim such devices
connectedbytheleadlltothestartingwinding 75 broadly, but we do intend to cover all such forms
totheoootactarm?. The?oatingplate?is
2,882,897
3
and modi?cations of this device as fall fairly
operating element for shifting the latches during
within the appended claims:
)
the initial rotary movement of the motor in either
We claim:
direction to properly set the latches, for an in
1. A motor control system for a motor having
stantaneous reversing of the motor by the ap
starting and running windings and a speed re in propriate actuation of the control and reversing
sponsive switch operating element; including a
switches.
.
main control switch for energizing and deener
3. Reversing switch mechanism for a single
gizing the starting winding of the motor for
phase motor of the type having starting and
starting and stopping the motor and a reversing
running windings and \a- speed responsive switch
switch operable with the main control switch 10 operating element, comprising a control switch
ior operating the motor in a forward or a reverse
for applying electrical energy to the running
direction, a pair of switches each normally urged
winding, a reversing switch operable therewith,
to open position but closed by the speed respon
a selective switch mechanism including two sets
sive operating element of the motor when the
of contacts normally urged to open position, said
motor is at rest, said pair of switches cooperat 15 sets of contacts being closed by the speed respon
ing with the reversing switch and the main con
sive element and in cooperation with said revers
trol switch for energizing the starting winding
ing switch operable to apply electrical energy
of the motor for starting the motor in either di
to the starting winding for starting the motor
rection until the motor speed responsive switch
in either direction, and means operated by the
operating element moves, and means engaged 20 speed responsive element for opening one set of
and moved by said speed responsive switch oper
said closed contacts to open the circuit thru the
ating element during the initial movement there
starting winding and operable to maintain the
of to hold one switch 01' said pair of switches
other set of contacts closed during the starting
from opening while permitting the other switch
of the motor in preparation for an immediate
of said pair to open to deenergize thestarting 25 reversal of operation of the motor at any time
winding aiter the motor has started, whereby
by a subsequent appropriate actuation of the
movement of the control and reversing switches
control switch and the reversing switch.
for a reverse energization of the starting wind
4. A frictionally set switch unit for use with
ing for operation of the motor in the reverse
a split phase motor having a shaft, a main switch
direction will eilect an immediate energization 30 unit. and a speed responsive. element; compris
of the starting winding for that purpose, even
ing a pair of relatively stationary spaced con
before the motor comes to a stop.
tacts, a movable plate having a contact at either
2. Reversing switch mechanism for a single
end in position to engage the proximate contact
phase motor including starting and running
of the ?rst mentioned contacts, spring means
windings, and a speed responsive switch operat 35 ior‘urging the adjacent contacts out of engage
ing element; comprising a control switch for
ment with each other, means movable with the
applying electrical energy to the running wind
speed responsive element for forcing the mov
ing and a reversing switch operable therewith.
able plate toward the ?rst mentioned contacts
a ?oating plate connected to the starting wind
against the urge of said spring means to cause
ing and having switch elements disposed at op— 40 engagement of the two sets of contacts, and
posite ends thereof adapted to be closed and
latching means frictionally engaging the motor
opened by the movement of said plate in re
shaft to hold one or the other of the plate car
sponse to movement of said speed responsive
ried contacts, depending on the direction of rota
switch operating element, spring mearm for urg- tion of the motor shaft, in engagement with its
ing both ends of the plate in a switch opening
proximate contact of the ?rst mentioned pair
direction, a pair of latches one latch for each
while the spring means holds the other plate
end of the plate, selectively operable on one end
carried contact out of engagement with its
or the other end of the plate to hold the selected
proximate contact; whereby when the spaced
end in switch closing position and allow the
contacts are connected with the line and the
other end to move to open its switch to deener 50 movable plate is connected to the starting wind
gize the starting winding after the motor has
ing, the latter may be energized for reversal of
started so as to maintain the starting winding
the motor before the motor comes to a full stop.
in readiness for a reverse energization, and
,
CHESTER E. SPRAGUE.
means operated by the speed responsive switch
NELSON M. SPRAGUE.
65