Патент USA US2518210

Aug- 8, 1950
I
J.,VAN H. WHIPPLE ETAL
2,518,209
PICTURE PROJECTOR
Filed July 30. 1947
'
'7 Sheets-Sheet l
ZZ
'
25
,
23
23
_
24
INVENTORS
JACK VANH. WHIP/=1. _"
By
GERALD I’. KAMMERER
ATTORNEYS‘ ‘ '
Aug. 8,- 1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE ETAL
PICTURE PRCJECTOR
2
,
5, 1 8 2, 0 9
‘7 Sheets-Sheet 2.~
Filed July 30, 1947
mmvfons
JACK~ VAN H. WH/PPLE
BY
GERALD R KAMMERER
A T TORNE Y5
A118. 8, 1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE ETAL
2,518,209
PICTURE PROJECTOR
Filed July 30, 1947
7 Sheets-Sheet 3
FIG 4
. JACK VAN H. WHIP/OLE
BY
GERALD EXAM/WERE}?
ATTORNEYS
Aug- 8, 1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE- ETAL
2,518,209
PICTURE PROJECTOR
Filed July 30, 1947
7 Sheets-Sheet 4
. F1G.8
47’ 46
I30
INVENTORS
JACK VAN H. WH/PPLE
GERALD R KAMML'RER
A T TORNEYS
Aug- 8, 1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE ETAL
2,518,209
PICTURE PROJECTOR
'7 Sheets-Sheet 5
Filed July 30, 1947
INVENTORS'
' JACK VA/V H. WH/PPLE
BY
GERALD Pi KAMMERER/
ATTORNEYS
Aug- 3, 1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE ET AL
2518209
PICTURE PROJECTOR
Filed July 30, 1947
_
'
'7 Sheets-Sheet 6
FIG. 9
28
27
INVENTORs
BY
JACK VA/V H. WH/PPLE
GERALD n KAMMERER
AT TORNEYS
Aug. 8,1950
J. VAN H. WHIPPLE ETAL.
2 5, 1 8 2, 0 9
PICTURE PROJECTOR
'7 Sheets-Sheet 7
Filed July 30, 1947
I/NV£NT0R5
JACK VAN H. WHIPPLE
BY
GERALD P. KAMML'R/SR
w M)?
A T TORNE Y5
Patented Aug. 8, 1950
2,518,209
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
2,518,209
7
PICTURE PROJECTOR
Jack Van H. Whipple, New York, and Gerald P.
Kammerer, Floral Park, N. Y.
Application July 30, 1947, Serial No. 764,877
11 Claims. (Cl. 88--24)
I
ample, a hotel directory, customarily comprises
is being projected while the ?lm is moving. Other
objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed
out hereinafter.v
In the drawing, wherein there is shown one
form of the invention,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the projector
showing the front, top and one side thereof;
Figure 2 is a side view of the projector;
a bound volume including a substantial number
of pages on which is printed information con
projector with the hood partially cut away; >
cerning the establishments of the advertising
subscribers. Thus any given page may include.
the hood and lamp housing removed;
This invention relates to a photographic ?lm
projector, and more particularly to a projector
adapted to project on a‘self-contained screen in
formation and data of the nature of that printed
in a directory such as, for example, a hotel direc
tory.
,
The conventional business directory for ex
a substantial number of single line entries, some
of which may be in bold face type, a quarter page
Figure 3 is an enlarged side elevation of the
Figure 4 is a plan view of the projector with
.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation taken along the
line 5-5 of Figure 3;
I
4
entry including perhaps an illustration, and a 15 Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation taken
along the line 6-6 of F'igure'3;
half page entry giving detailed information of
. the subscriber’s hotel. Then, of course, a, rela
Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional
tively small number of subscribers will take a
elevation taken along the line ‘|-—'l of Figure 3;
full page. In any event, the type used is usually
Figure 8 is an enlarged section taken along the
relatively ?ne, line entries are di?icult to locate 20 line 8--8 of Figure 5;
and read, the directory is bulky and accordingly
Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional
clumsy to handle, its pages become torn, and, in
perspective of the base and hood of the projector,
general, it is an ine?icient medium for its pur
showing the dust-proof seal between the base and
pose. /0ther types of directories have similar dis
the hood and the attaching means therebetween;
25
advantages.
Figure 10 is a fragmentary perspective view of
//In so far as'we have been able to determine,
the ?lm roller bracket and lens holder block; and,
there are no commercially available projectors
Figure 11 is a schematic view of the control sys
which, with or without modi?cation, are capable '
tem of the projector. system of the projector
of projecting photographically reproduced infor
showing the major parts thereof along with the
mation and data of the above nature. The con
circuits therefor.
ventional motion picture projector is inadequate
Similar reference characters refer to similar
because ofits inherent ?lm transport speed lim
parts throughout the views of the drawing.
itations, its typical intermittent ?lm transport,
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
and others that are equally serious. The well
known projector for slides is obviously useless for 85 In accordance with one form of the invention,
directory purposes when it is borne in mind that
the projector is adapted to accommodate any
a single 'strip of ?lm must include all the infor
standard size motion picture ?lm, for example,
mation in a printed directory.
‘
standard 35 mm. ?lm, the images on which are
It is accordingly among the objects of this in
projected by a lens of relatively short focal length
vention to provide a projector of simple, rugged 40 to give a magni?cation of the order of 10 to 1,
and inexpensive construction capable of project
ing directory information and data or the like in
for example, on a screen of suitable size, illus
tratively an 8 x 10 screen. The ?lm to be pro
a manner that makes such subject. matter more
jected differs from a conventional ?lm in that it
readily available and readable than it is from
has no set frames on it, i. e. it appears as'one ‘
a printed volume. Another object is to provide 45 continuous exposure. The ?lm is mounted on a
a projector of the above nature that is so simple
pair of reels rotatably mounted within the pro
to operate that the uninstructed layman 'can
jector housing, these reels being connected by a
readily use it to obtain the information he de
chain and sprocket drive operatively connected
sires. Av further objectisto provide in such a
to a transmission which is driven by a reversible
projector means for running the ?lm forward or 69 electric motor. A manually operable control is
backward at widely varying rates of speed. A
provided to control not only the direction of op-'
still further object is to provide such a projector
eration of the motor, but also the speed of opera
wherein an indicator is automatically actuated
tion thereof, this control also being operable to
in synchronism with the ?lm to indicate to the
control a transmission so that the ?lm may be
operator at any instant what portion of the ?lm
fed forward or backward through the optical
3
9,518,909
system, over a wide range of speeds, illustratively
from a slow tracking speed of the order of 1"
per minute, to a speed of 600' per minute. Also
driven by the sprocket is an indexing director
which is synchronized with the ?lm drive so that
as the user operates the projector at high speed,
he can determine which portion of the ?lm is
passing on the screen by noting the position of
a pointer on the indexing director. Thus when
screen and gaskets as desired, or necessary.
Screen 40 is preferably of glass, is frosted, and
I is translucent from its top down to line 4:. From
line 43 to the'bottom, the screen is clear and
transparent, as in the area 44. Thus portion 44
of the screen allows for printed matter or other
information to be attached to the back of the
screen in the inside of the projector so as to be
visible from the outside. ..
-
the operator approaches the desired portion on 10
As shown in Figure 1, hood panel 32 is angu
the indexing director, he can operate the control
larly recessed as at 32c, thus providing an in
to reduce the ?lm speed down to its tracking rate,
clined face 32b, the plane of which de?nes the
which is slow enough to enable him\to stop the
plane of screen 40. Thus screen 40 is inclined
?lm at the portion thereof that includes the in
- to facilitate viewing thereof by the operator of
formation and data he is seeking.
15 the projector. ' Referring back to Figure 5, panel
The operating mechanism and the‘ optical
32 is apertured as at 45, and has detachably se
~ system are disposed within a housing comprising
cured thereto an index card 48 which is readily
a base and detachable hood fastened to the base
visible through the aperture from the outside of ’
in semi air-tight and dust-proof relation. In the
the projector. This index card 46 comprises a
base are secured a plurality of rollers adapted 20 portion of the indexing director and may desig
to ride on a track whereby the projector can
nate, in the case of hotel directory use. the sev
be rotated through 360° to facilitate its use. '
eral- United States, for example. As the projec
tor is operated, a pointer 41 travels up or down
PROJECTOR HOUSING
index‘ card 46' in synchronism with the moving
‘ (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9)
25 ?lm within the projector so that the operator
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the projector
can determine what portion of the rapidly mov
housing comprises a base 20 and a hood 2|. As
ing ?lm is being projected on the screen, all as
is better shown in Figures 3 and 5, base 20 in
will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
cludes a downwardly extending annular projec
Under certain circumstances, it may be desirable
tion 22, within and on which are rotatably 30 to dispose within the projector housing suitable
means for controlling the humidity therein. We
mounted in any suitable manner, illustratively,
have generally indicated such means at m in
six rollers 23. These rollers ride on a ?at cir
Figure 4.
cular track 24, about the periphery of an annular
upwardly extending guide rail 25 which is prefer
ably integral with track 24.
35
As shown in Figure 9, the edge_2|la of base 20
is grooved, at as 26, and in this groove is dis
posed a rubber gasket 21 which is U-shaped in
FILM SUPPORT .
(Figures 3, 4 and 7)
As noted hereinbefore, while the ?lm used in
our projector may be standard, it differs from
the conventional motion picture ?lm in that it
cross section._ This gasket receives the down
wardly extending portion of a sealing strip 28 40 has no delineated frames, but rather appears as
which is secured in any suitable manner to the
one continuous exposure.
inside of hood 2| adjacent the lower edge thereof.
able to dispense with the typical claw intermit
Accordingly we are
Also secured to the inside of hood 20 are a suit
tent ?lm feed and may use on the other hand
a simple but yet e?lcient ?lm supporting and
means of an internally threaded boss ii to re 45 driving structure, as will now be described.
As shown in Figure 4, a pair of reel supporting
ceive the similarly threaded upper end of a ma
frames 48 and 49 are secured to base casting 2|
chine bolt'30 extending through the bottom of
in any suitable manner from which they project
base 20. As each of these bolts 30 is threaded
upwardly, as shown in Figure 3, into hood 2|.
into bosses 3|, they fasten brackets 29, and ac
cordingly hood 2|, to base 20, thus joining the 50 Rotatably supported between these frames are a
pair of ?lm reels 50 and 5|, to which are con
base and hood together in substantially air-tight
and dust-proof relation.
nected the opposite ends of ?lm 52. As reels II
and BI are substantially identical, a detailed de
‘Hood 20 includes a front panel section 32
scription of reel 50 will su?lce.
(Figure 3) which is preferably permanently se
cured to base 20. As is better shown in Figure 55 Thus, as shown in Figure 7, reel 50 comprises
side plates 53 and 54 attached respectively to the
5, panel 32 is also grooved as at 33 to receive
opposite sides of a core 55 which is slotted in the
a U-shaped gasket 34 similar to gasket 21. This
able number of brackets 29, each adapted by
customary manner to receive one end of the ?lm.
gasket 34 accordingly receives the projecting edge
The two reel sides are fastened respectively to
35 (Figure 3) of a sealing strip 36, secured to
the inside of hood 2| so as to seal this portion 60 the annular projections 5i and 51 of a hub 8|
of the hood where it joins panel 32.
which is mounted on a shaft 59 for free rotation
The rear wall 2|a (Figure 3) of hood 2| is
relative thereto. One reduced end 590 of this
suitably apertured to receive a lamp housing 31,
shaft is supported by a bushing 60 mounted in
the lamp housing including a ?ange 38 which
the free end of frame 49, the other end 59b of
is secured to hood wall 2|a as by screws 39, a 65 the shaft being similarly supported by a bushing
suitable gasket or sealing agent being disposed
6| carried in the upper end of support 48. The
between ?ange 38 and the hood wall to preclude
extremity of shaft end 59b has secured thereto
a drive sprocket 62. Preferably a pair of spacing
entrance of air or dust therebetween. The re
movable back plate 31a of lamp housing 31 is
washers 63 and 64 are disposed respectively be
suitably louvered to permit air circulation.
70 tween the upper ends of supports 48 and 49 and
As shown in Figure 5, panel section 32 of, the
the adjacent ends of hub 58.
hood has secured therein a screen 40, this screen
A retainer 65 is mounted on the right-hand
being held tight by clamps 42 against gaskets 4|
end of the enlarged portion of shaft 5! where
which surround the aperture in panel 32. Clamps
it is secured, as by a set screw 66, the retainer
42 are readily removable for- replacement of the 75 accordingly rotating with the shaft. A cup
8,618,208
shaped spring cage 61 is fastened to reel side 66
.as by-a screw 68 so as to rotatewith the reel
and with hub 58. Accordinglyv it follows that
and secured to pinion shaft 88 on the opposite
sides of, pinion support 86. Pinion 81 meshes with
a gear 88 which is mounted on shaft 66 but which
is secured to the hub I88 of a clutch plate "I
as by a set screw I82. Clutch plate "I is adapted
to engage and disengage a stationary clutch disc
I88 which is secured to boss 8| as by a machine
retainer 65. It may now be seen that although
bolt I86. It should be noted that gear 88 and
clutch plate I8I are rotatable relative to shaft
reel 58 has a running ?t on shaft 58, the reel
and shaft are, nevertheless connected by spring .10. 88 when the plate engages disc I88.
Pinion 88 meshes with a gear I85 which is
18. Lower reel 5| (Figure 3) is identical to upper
spring cage 61 may rotate relative to retainer
65. One end 68 of a coiled ?at spring 18 is
anchored to spring cage 61, while the other end
of this spring is fastened to a pin 1I carried by
ring 58, except that the spring which connects
reel 5| to its shaft is wound oppositely from spring
disposed between pinion supports 88 and 85, and
which is pinned to shaft 88 as by pins I86. Pinion
supports‘88 and 85 are conveniently secured to
18. The two reel springs are fully relaxed upon
installation. When the ?lm52 is loaded onto reels 15 gether in constantly spaced relation as by a spacer
58 and 5|, each of the spring retainers, such as
retainer 65 (Figure 7) is given approximately two
I81 and machine bolt I88.
v
A clutch disc I88 is attached to pinion support
88 as by one or more shoulder screws II8, this
revolutions in opposite directions, each in a direc
disc being biased to the right away from the
tion to preload the spring. Each retainer is then
anchored to its shaft by its set screw, e. g. set 20 right-hand face of the pinion support as by one
or more springs III. The right-hand face of
screw 66. Thus the ?lm is kept under constant
clutch disc I88 is adapted to be engaged by the
tension. It also follows that each spring com
left-hand face of gear 88 when the clutch, com
prises a resilient driving connection between its
prising plate I 8| and disc I88, is disengaged, as
shaft and reel so that the springs compensate
for the change in speeds of the reels as the film 25 will be described hereinafter.
From the foregoing description of transmission
is wound from one to the other, the change in
8I, it may now be seen that when input shaft 88
speed, of course, being due to the change in
is rotated, shaft 86 is driven, causing rotation of
diameter of the roll‘ of ?lm as it builds up on one
pinion support 81.
reel and is stripped off the other.
The shaft on which lower reel 5| is mounted 30 _ At this point, it should be noted that pinions 81
and 88 are identical as to number of teeth and
carries a sprocket 12 (Figure 3) similar to upper
pitch diameter, whereas gear 88 has one tooth
reel sprocket 62, and about these sprockets is
trained a link belt or chain 18. Also meshing with
chain 18 is an idler sprocket "8 carried on the
end of a pivoted arm 15 which is spring-biased
clockwise, as viewed in this ?gure, thus to main
tain chain 18 taut. This chain 18 is also trained
about, so as to mesh with still another sprocket
16 which, as will be pointed out hereinafter, drives
less than gear I85, gear 88- accordingly not be
ing in direct mesh with its pinion 81, but in tooth
to tooth contact therewith. Thusiit follows that
upon rotation of shaft 86, both of the pinion
supports 81 and 85 are driven, effecting accord
ingly a planetary movement of their pinions 81
and 88 about gears '88 and I85, respectively.
40 With the transmission in the condition shown
the indexing director.
‘
‘
in Figure 6, however, gear 88 is held stationary
I FILM DRIVE MECHANISM
by reason of the engagement between clutch
plate IN and clutch disc I88, and accordingly as
(Figures 3, 4 and 6)
pinion 81 travels around gear 88 it is driven. It
With reference to Figure 3, a reversible electric 85 follows that when the two pinions 81 and 88
motor 11 is mounted in base 28 with its shaft 18
make one complete revolution, gear I85, having
connected as by'a coupling 18 to the input shaft
one tooth more thangear 88, is advanced one
88 of a transmission generally indicated at 8I
tooth. Therefore to rotate gear I85 one complete
(see Figure 4). The output shaft 88 of trans
revolution, ‘pinions 81 and 88 must make as many
. mission 8I is connected as by a coupling 88 to 50 turns around gear 88 as there are teeth in gear
the shaft (not shown) on which lower reel 5I
is mounted, which lower shaft carries the driving
sprocket 12 (Figure 3). Thus, as motor 11
I85., As gear I85 rotates, shaft 88, of course.
rotates with it and there is accordingly afforded
As is more clearly shown in Figure 6, the inner
sprocket 12 (Figure 3) is driven at a relatively
low rate of speed which is, of course, re?ected
in the rate at which the film travels through the
a very substantial reduction in speed between
operates in one direction or the other, reels 58
input shaft 88 of the transmission and shaft 88
and 5| are accordingly driven to run ?lm 52 56 which is the output shaft of the transmission.
backward or forward through the optical system.
Hence with the transmission in this condition,
end of transmission input shaft 88 carries a worm
86 which meshes with a worm wheel 85 mounted
on the right-hand reduced end 86a of a trans
mission shaft 86. Pinned to shaft 86 is a pinion
optical system.
7
When it is desired to drive the film at high
speed through the optical system, clutch plate
support 81 suitably bored to receive a bushing
MI is disengaged from clutch disc I88 as by a
88 which journals a pinion shaft 88. The right
conventional clutch lever, generally indicated
hand end of‘ shaft 86 is journaled in a ?anged
at I I2, in Figure 6, by manually controlled means
bushing 88 mounted in an integral boss ‘8| of
that will be described hereafter. When the
the transmission housing 82 while the left-hand
clutch plate and clutch disc are thus disengaged,
reduced end 86b of shaft 86 is received in the
plate IM and accordingly gear 88 move to the
bored out end of a second shaft 88 iournaled in
left axially on shaft 86. Ultimately the left
a bushing 86 carried in a side wall 82a in the
transmission housing. This second shaft 88 70 hand face of gear 88 engages. clutch disc I88
carries a second pinion support 85 in which the
and forces it to the left against the push of
springs III until this clutch disc engages the
left-hand end of pinion shaft 88 is Journaled as
by a bushing 86, support 85 being freely mounted
right-hand face of pinion support 81, thus look
ing the pinion support and gear 88' together so
A pair of pinions 81 and 86 are mounted on II that gear 88 rotates with shaft 86 and at the
on its shaft.
9,518,909
»
7.
87‘
same speed. 'With the gear -50 in this condition,
block “land has its end fastened to aldl'ur'n I32
it of course cannot rotate pinion 31, which ac
cordingly locks pinion 133. It follows then that
as pinion support 31 continues to rotate, it car
ries with it the locked pinion 55 which, being
in mesh with gear I05, drives this gear and ac
oordingly output shaft 53. ‘Hence a direct drive
results and the ?lm is driven at a high rate of
speed.
It may then be seen that by controlling trans
mission 3I in a manner that will be described,
the ?lm may be driven at high or low speed.
Also, in a manner to be described, the ?lm may
-
which is spring-biased as by a spring, I33 in a
counterclockwise direction so as always to main
tain the wire rope under tension.
Thus, with reference to Figures 4 and 5, it
may be seen that when ?lm 52 is driven in such
a direction as to cause drum I2I to pay oif wire
rope I22, the spring tensioned drum I32 (Figure
5) takes up the wire rope as it is payed off, the re
sult being that pointer 41 is carried downwardly
of directory card 45. When the ?lm 52 (Figure
4) is driven in the opposite direction, drum I2I
is oppositely rotated to take up the wire rope I22
be driven at varying rates of speed by controlling
which accordingly is drawn from drum I32 (Fig
the motor speed.
15 ure 5), the result being that pointer 41 travels
upwardly. It may accordingly be seen that the
mnnxmcs DIRECTOR
operator can readily determine that portion of the
(Figures 3; 4, 5 and 8)
‘ As was brie?y pointed out hereinbefore, the
projector includes an indexing director whereby
the operator may, by watching the position of
s’pointer 41 (Figure 5) on card 43, determine what
portion of the ?lm is being projected. This
pointer is driven in synchronlsm with ?lm 52
(Figure 3) in a manner that will now be de
scribed.
‘
'
As shown in Figure 4, a :base plate “3 is se
i-.__cured to supporting frames 40 and 49, bridging
the space therebetween. At the opposite ends of
?lm which is being projected on the screen at any
time regardless of the speed at which the ?lm
is moving.
I
Drum I2I and card 45 are replaceable in order
that any length of ?lm 52 between the minimum
and maximum amounts of ?lm that the projector
can accommodate may be synchronized with its
respective card 4‘ and pointer 41.. Thus a drum
‘I2I with a large diameter will cause pointer 41
to travel the length of card 46 for a shorter total
length of ?lm, whereas a small diameter drum
I2I will,cause_pointer 41 to travel the same dis?
plate “3 are secured bearing blocks H4 and H5 30 tance for a longer total length of ?lm, inasmuch
as the larger diameter drum will accommodate
which rotatably support a lead screw II5 on
more wire rope per revolution.
which is mounted a traveling nut I I1. The left
It should be noted that panel aperture 45 (Fig
hand end of lead screw I It extends through bear
. ure 8) is preferably closed by a transparent shield
ing block H4, and it is this end of the lead screw
that carries sprocket ‘I6 (see also Fig. 3). A brack 35 I34 which is fastened to the inside of the panel,
et “.3 is secured in any suitable manner to base ‘
plate H3. and rotatably mounts in a portion
Illa thereof a headed shaft II! to which is se
cured a worm wheel I24 which meshes with lead
screw III (Figure 4) .
On the outer end of shaft 40
III is mounted a drum ‘I2I to which one end of
a wire rope I22 is attached. Plate II3 supports
preferably by a dust-proof bonding agent.
OPTICAL SYSTEM AND FILM GUIDE
(Firm-es 3, 4 and 10)
As has been noted hereinabove, the optical sys
tem preferably includes a lens Of__ short focal
length capable of effecting a magni?cation of
‘a pair of limit switches I23 and vI24, the former
the order of 10 to l on a screen whose area‘ is of
of which is stationary and the latter of which
the order of 80 square inches.
may be adjustably ?xed to plate II3 within the 45 ‘The optical system includes a lamp I35 and-re
limits of a slot I25 cut in the base plate. Nut
?ector I36 (Figure 3) disposed in lamp housing
III is cut away as at Illa to allow the nut to
31, a condenser lens I31 adlustably mounted in a
pass under worm wheel I20 as it travels from one
bracket I33 attached ttpframe supports 40 and
end of lead screw H5 to the other. It may now
40 (Figure 4) and a prolector‘lens I39 adjustably
be seen that lead screw II8 coacts with limit 50 mounted in a lens block I40 (see Figure 10) . The
switches I23 and I24 to break the circuit of motor
I" when one end or the other of the ?lm is ap-'
proached, to preclude the possibility of detaching
either ?lm end from its reel.
At this point it might bewell to note thatv
preferably each end of the ?lm is provided with
a ‘blank leader of illustratively three feet, which
is su?icient to absorb any extra rotation of the
?lm reels due to momentum ofithe reels and
driving mechanism after the motor current has
been out. As noted, limit switch I24 is adjust
able along the lead screw II3, thus to enable the
?lm reels to accommodate any length of ?lm
between minimumv and’ maximum amounts, e. g.
80'and 160'.
.
width of lens block I40 is less than the distance
between frame supports 43 and 49 between which
the lens block is disposed. The block is adjustably
held between the supports by means of screws
“I which extend through slots I42 in supports
48 and 45 and into block I40. Disposed between
lens block I40 and condenser bracket I38 (Figure
3) is a ?lm roller frame J43 which rotatably car
ries upper and lower rollers I44 and I45, re
spectively. As best shown in Figure 3, it is over
these rollers‘ I44 and I45 that the ?lm travels
in either of its directions of movement.
Referring back to-Figure 10, frame I43 has se
cured thereto and extending therefrom a pair of
pins I45 and I4‘! which are slidably received in
Wire» rope I22 leads from drum HI and is
trained over a pair of suitably mounted pulleys .
I26 and I2] (see also Figure 5). From pulley
I21 the wire rope I22 is trained over a third‘
pulley I28 and passes through a hole in a block 70
the lens block in such manner as to be engage
Wire rope I22 is secured to the block as by a set
able with their respective pins. Thus it follows
that for focusing purposes these set ‘screws may
screw I30, the block being guided by the front
be loosened and frame I43 adjusted relative to '
I20 (Figure 8) to which pointer 41 is attached.
of panel 32, indexing card 46 and a guide strip I3 I .
appropriate holes formed in the upper and lower
central portions of lens ‘block I40. These pins
may be held in adjusted set position by set screws
I43 and I49, respectively, which are threaded into
\ block I40 until the desired focus is obtained,
Wire rope I 22 (Figure 5) extends through pointer 76 . whereupon the “reset screws may be set to hold
2,518,909
16
the frame in proper position. By the same token,
' through the manipulation of screws Ill, lens
block I46 may be adjusted laterally or vertically
of supports 46 and 46 to obtain the proper regis
ter of the projected image on the projector screen.
Lens block I46 also carries a pair of adjusting
screws I56 and I5I which may be loosened to per-,
a
.
switch I16 when control handle I6I is turned
from its neutral (Figure 1) position. Thus
handle I6l controls not- only the direction of
operation of motor 11 and the speed thereof, but
also the operative condition of transmission 6I,
thus giving the. operator of the projector com
plete discretion as to the speed with which the
?lm is transported, all as will be described here
mit adjustment of the projector lens I36 and then
taken up to hold the lens in its adjusted position.
inbelow in connection with the operation of the
The combination of these various adjustments ac 10 projector.
cordingly provides a wide range of movement for
OPERATION
proper focus and register of the image of the ?lm
(Figures 3 and 11)
on the screen.
'
The wiring diagram of the projector circuit
It is desirable to maintain fllm'52 perpendicular
to lens I36 and to prevent distortion of the pro 15 is shown in Figure 11 and includes a pair of leads
I11‘ and I16 running from the power supply to a
jection of the image on the screen at the time
terminalblock I16. Also connected across the
of projection. To this end, frame ill has
terminal block is a low voltage cowl light I66.
mounted thereon a transparent plate I52 against
Terminal block I16 includes terminals I6I and
which the ?lm is adapted to be pressed ?at by
a pressure plate I53 (see also Figure 4). This 20 I62 to which are respectively connected leads
I63 and I “leading to a time delay switch I65.
pressure plate is mounted on a pair of headed
This switch is in turn connected by leads I66
studs I56 and I55 which extend through the
and I61 to the opposite sides of projector lamp.
plate Into frame I43, springs I56 and I51 being
I35. Time delay switch I65 is of such nature
interposed between the pressure plate and the
heads of studs I54 and I65, respectively, to force 25 as automatically to break the, circuit to lamp
I35 after a predetermined period of time, for ex
the pressure plate toward the frame and accord
ample, three minutes, to avoid the creation of
ingly against transparent plate I52 (Figure 3).
excessive heat within the projector. Lamp I 65
Referring back to Figure 4,‘ a solenoid I56 is
may be reenergized by operating switch I65.
mfastened tothe side'of frame support 66, and to
its armature is attached a‘ rod I56 whose free 80 A further ‘pair of terminals I68 and I66 on
terminal block I16 have attached thereto leads
end- is engageable with the extended end I531: of
I 66 and I6I. Lead I66 is connected to one side
pressure plate I53. [As will be described herein
of solenoid I56,‘ the other side of this solenoid
after, when the operator brings the ?lm to rest
being connected as by a lead I62 to one side of
position, solenoid I56 is automatically deener
gized, thus permitting springs ‘I56 and I51 to 35 switch I16. Lead I6I is connected to the other
force pressure plate I53 against the ?lm and
?atten it against transparent plate I52.
MANUAL CONTROL
. (Figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 11)
side of switch I16. Lead I62v is connected by a
lead I63 to one terminal I66 of motor 11. A
second terminal I65 of motor 11 is connected by
a lead I66 to one side of adjustable limit switch
40 I26, the other side of this switch being connected
as by a lead I61 to a terminal I66 of rheostat
As shown in Figure '1, panel 32 is recessed as
I13. This terminal of the rheostat is electrically
at I66, and in this recess is disposed a control
connected to resistance I66 which, when en-.
handle I6I which may be‘ turned up or down,
gaged by arm I12, is connected to lead I66 by a
as indicated by the arrows, to effect correspond
lead 266.
ing movement of the ?lm. Handle I6I is 45 The third terminal 26I of motor 11 is con-\
mounted on the outer end of a shaft I62 (Figure
nected by a lead 262 to one side of stationary
3), the inner end of this shaft being journaled
limit switch I23, the other side of this switch
in a bracket I63 secured to and extending up
being connected by a lead 263 to the second ter
wardly from base 26. Near the outer end of
minal 266 of rheostatI13. This rheostat ter
shaft I62 (Figure 5) is attached a centering lever 50 minal is connected to the other resistance 265 of
966 to which is secured the upper end of a spring
the rheostat which, when engaged by arm I12, is
865, the lower end of this spring being fastened
connected to lead I66 by lead 266.
to base 26. The spring accordingly always urges
In Figure 11, the control system of the pro
lever I64 to the Figure 5 neutral position, to
jector is shown set at a position in which the
bring handle I6I (Figure l) to its horizontal or 55 ?lm is at the endv of its upward travel, 1. c. all
neutral position wherein the projector is at rest.
the ?lm is wound on reel 56. "In this position the
To the inner end of shaft I62 (Figure 3) is
traveling nut I I1 has opened the normally closed
secured a gear I66 which meshes with a pair of
limit switch I23, breaking the circuit between
:gears I61 and I66. Gears I61 and I66, however,
motor 11 and rheostat resistance 265. This shuts
do not mesh (see Figure 11). Gear I61 (Figure
off power to the motor. leaving the ?lm motion
3) is mounted on a shaft I66 journaled in bracket
less. When control handle I6I is brought back
I63, and the right-hand end of this shaft car
from its Figure 11 position to its neutral posi
ries a cam I16, which is so ‘contoured as to en
tion, it engages switch button I15, opening
gage and actuate clutch lever II2 to shift trans
switch I16, and again breaking the circuit to
mission 6| to direct drive when high speed trans 65 motor 111, regardless of the position of traveling
port of the film is desired.
nut II .
Gear I66 (Figure 4) is secured to one end
It accordingly follows that when control han
of a shaft Ill mounted in bracket I63. The
die‘ I" is turned clockwise from its neutral posi
other end of this shaft is secured to the arm
I 12 (Figure 11) of a rheostat I13 by which the 70 tion, wherein, incidentally, rheostat arm I12 is
centered between the upper ends of rheostat re- ‘
speed of motor 11 is controlled, as will be de
sistances I66 and 265, switch I16 closes and rheo
scribed.
.
stat arm I 12 engages resistance 265 to establish
As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 11, shaft I62 has
the following circuit: power line I16, terminal
adapted to engage the button I15 0! 6 micro- 75 I", lead "I, switch I", lead I62, lead I”, m0
secured thereto: a switch arm I16 which is
2,518,809
.
,
11
.,
‘
tor terminal I94, .motor terminal 201, lead-2.2,
switch I23, lead 203, rheostat terminal 2", re
sistance 205, arm I12, leads 2" and ltlto ter
minal I88 and thence to the other power line I".
Thus motor 11 is energized to drive the min
one direction. With rheostat arm I12 at the top
of resistance 205, the ?lm is driven at its lowest
or tracking speed, it'being recalled that the full
reduction of transmission." is effective at this
time. As handle I8I is turned clockwise, how
' ever, less and less of resistance 2!! is included
in the motor circuit, and accordingly the motor
speed increases. When arm I12 reaches its Fig
ure 11 position, it is connected directly across
.-
12
may be..drivcn in oppositedirections and-at dif
ferent speeds.
- .
,
.
. 3. A‘ projector according to claim 1 wherein
the._resilient.-driving
means between
each shaft and its associated. reel includes a re
ltainer which is secured to theshafta spring cage
which is secured to the reel, and-a coiled
19
having
to theretainer
its- opposite
andLthe cage.
connected
,
4. A picture projector comprising, in combina
tion, a housing. a Pair of ?lm supporting reels ro
tatably mounted in saidliousing, means for driv
ing said reels including a reversible motor and a
‘ " = “1" -\*0n,-said,n including change
the power lines. Also at this time cam I'll (Fig 15 speed mechanism and an, operating element
ure 4) has been rotated by shaft I82 and-gears
therefor, motor control ,means for controlling
I66 and I81 a su?icient amount to shift clutch
both speed and direction ofoperation of- said"
lever II2 su?iciently to disengage clutch disc III
(Figure 6) and clutch plate II! which effects a
motor, and means associated with said transmis
sion operating element and said motor control
direct drive through transmission II. Accord 20 means for shifting said transmission at a pre
‘
determined point in the operation of said motor
Regardless of the speed at which the ?lm is
control means.
ingly the ?lm is driven at top
driven, if the ?lm is driven in one direction a
su?icient length of time, traveling nut I" (Fig
‘ure 11) will eventually engage one or the other
of limit switches I23 and I24, depending upon the
direction in which the motor is running. When
either of these switches is thus engaged. e. a.
switch I23, the motor circuit is broken and the
5. A projector in accordance with ‘ claim 4
wherein said
on element comprises a
lever and its associated operating means includes
a cam which is connected to and driven by said
motor control means.
-
mechanism accordingly stops.
6. A projector in accordance with‘ claim 4
wherein said motor is a reversible electric motor,
and the motor controlmeans includes a rheostat
Also, when the operator centers control IiI to
its neutral position, switch I16 is opened to de
energize not only motor ‘I1 but also solenoid I58.
ually operable control handle by which to operate
said rheostat, thereby to control the speed and
and a switch in the motor circuit and also a man- '
, This solenoid is, of course, energized while the
direction ofoperatlon of said motor, and means '
motor is running and accordingly holds pressure 35 operated by said control handle for operating said .
plate I 53 (Figure 4) away from ?lm 52. When,
switch thereby to start. or stop said motor.
however, switch I ‘I5 , (Figure 11) opens, the sole
7. A ?lm projector comprising, in combination,
noid circuit is also broken, allowingsprlngs lit
a housing including a viewing window, means '
and It‘! (Figure 4) to force pressure plate I53
forming with a portion of said housing a guide
against the ?lm to pressthe ?lm against trans 40 track for slidably supporting an indicating ?nger,
parent plate I52 (Figure 3):
an indicating ?nger slidably mounted in said
Accordingly it may be seen that we have pro
vided a projector which attains the aforemen
tioned objects in a thoroughly practical and etc
?cient manner.
As many possible embodiments may be made
of the above invention, and as many changes
might be made in the embodiment above set
forth, it is to be understood that all matter here
inbefore set forth orv shown in the accompanying
drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and
guide, ?lm supporting anddrivingmeans insaid
housing,
eans in said housing for driving said
?lm supporting and driving means, means form
ing a driving connection between said .driving
means and said ?nger for moving said ?nger
along its track during the operation of the ?lm
supporting and driving means. thereby to indi
cate which portion of the ?lm is in projection -
position, said driving connection for said ?nger
including a drum, a cable having one end con
_ '
nected to said drum and the other end connected
to said ?nger, a second cable having one and con
l. A picture projector comprising, in combina
nected to said ?nger, and cable take-up means
not in a limiting sense.
We claim:
"
‘
tion, a base, a pair of uprights mounted on said I‘ mounted in said housing and having the other
base and extending upwardly therefrom, a pair
end of said second cable connected thereto for
takingupsaidsecondcableinone directionof
of spaced shafts rotatably mounted by said up
operationofsaid?ngerandforpayingoifsaid'
rights, driving means mounted on said base,
means forming a chain and sprocket driving
second cable during the other direction of oper
ation of said ?nger. .
,
'
connection betweer said driving means and said
shafts, whereby said shafts are pomtively driven
8. A ?lm projector comprising, in combination,
a housing including a viewing window, means
upon operation of said driving means, a pair of
forming with a portion of said housing a guide
reels carried respectively by' said shafts for rota
track for slidably supporting an indicating ?nger,
tion relative thereto, and means forming a resili
_ ent driving connection between each shaft and its
associated reel, whereby a ?lm mounted on said
reels is kept under constant tension and whereby
the varying diameters of the ?lm loads on the re-'
spective reels are automatically compensated as
an indicating ?nger slidably mounted in said
guide, ?lm supporting and driving means in said
housing, means in said housing for driving said
‘?lm supporting andldriving means, and‘ means
forming a driving connection between said. driv
70 ing means and said ?nger for moving said ?nger
along its track during the operation of the ?lm
supporting and driving means, thereby to indi
positive driving connection with said shafts.
cate which portion of the ?lm is in projection posi
2. A projector according to claim 1 wherein the
tion,'said driving connection between said ?nger
driving means includes a reversible motor and
the ?lm is wound from one reel to the other un
der the impetus of said driving means and its
a speed change transmission, whereby said ?lm ‘I5 andsaiddriving means includingadrumwhichis
I 2,518,209
14
' l3
detachably connected to said driving means,
whereby drums of di?erent diameter are selec
tively installable in accordance with the length of
?lm to be projected, thereby to synchronize the
operation of said ?nger with said ?lm.
.
1 9. A ?lm projector comprising, in combination,
with said guide in juxtaposition with said trans
parent plate, means responsive to cessation of
operation of said reel driving means to move said
pressure plate toward said transparent plate and
grip that portion of the ?lm therebetween that is
to be projected, said ?lm driving means including
an electric motor and said pressure plate moving
*a housing including a viewing window, means
means including a solenoid, and circuit means
forming with a portion of said housing a guide
for said motor and said solenoid for deenergizing
track for slidably supporting an indicating ?nger,
said solenoid upon deenergization of said motor,
an indicating ?nger slidably mounted in said
said solenoid being so connected to said pressure
guide, ?lm supporting and driving means in said
plate as to move it away from said ?lm guide
housing, means in said housing for driving said
upon energization.
?lm supporting and driving means, means form
11. A projector in accordance with claim 10
ing a driving connection between said driving
means and said ?nger for moving said ?nger along 15 wherein a spring is connected to said pressure
plate to drive it against said ?lm guide upon de
its track during the operation of the ?lm support
energization of said solenoid.
ing and driving means, thereby to indicate which
JACK VAN H. WHIPPLE.
portion of the ?lm is in projection position, said
GERALD l’. KAMMERER.
driving means including a reversible electric mo
tor and the driving connection between said driv 20
REFERENCES CITED
ing means and said ?nger including a lead screw
and a nut, and a pair of-limit switches connected
_ The following references are of record in th
in series with said motor and adapted to be opened
by said nut when said nut reaches either limitv
01' its travel, thereby to deenergize said motor. 25
10. A projector comprising, in combination, a
housing, ?lm supporting means operatively
mounted in said housing and comprising a pair
' of reels adapted to support a length of strip ?lm,
' means to drive said reels and thereby pay oi! ?lm 30
from one and take it up on the other, a ?lm guide,
means adjustably mounting said ?lm guide in
said housing, a transparent ?xed plate secured to
said guide, a pressure plate operatively associated
?le of this patent:
-
UNITED STATES PATENTS
Number
1,889,575‘
Name
Date
Sebille ___________ __ Nov. 29, 1932
2,008,982
2,037,705
2,076,853
2,279,463
2,323,787
Hopkins ____'; ____ __ July 23,
Chapman ________ __ Apr. 21,
McClure _________ __ Apr. 13,
‘Hopkins _________ __ Apr. 14,
Bitner ____________ __ July 6,
1935
2,332,819
Place ____________ __ Oct. 26, 1943
1936
1937
1942
1943