Патент USA US2574666

NOV. 13, 1951
P, scHULLER
2,574,665
APPARATUS FOR DETECTING THE CALORIC
OUTPUTS OF GASEOUS FUELS
Filed Aug. 16, 1948
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Patented Nov. 13, v1951
2,574,665
UNITEDPSTATES PATENT OFFICE
‘ 2,574,665
APPARATUS FOR DETECTING THE CALORIC
OUTPUTS OF GASEOUS FUELS
Pierre Schuller, Decazeville, France, assignor to
Socicte Anonymc de Commentry-Fourcham
bault & Decazeville, Paris, France, a company
of France
>
Application August 16, 1948, Serial No.44,“
In France August 20, 1947
2 Claims.
‘
(Cl. 73-190) ,
1
2
In numerous industries that use gas as a fuel,
said conditions being determined as follows‘
the problem of measuring and regulating the
calori?c output arises in order to obtain regularity
of heating and maximum heat e?iciency.
Usually, this measurement is effected by cal
ks, characteristics of the restricted passage of the
(characteristics of the calorimeter):
calorimeter
6, speci?c weight of the gas at the gas supply,
said supply being such that the characteristics
culating the output and the calori?c value of the
gas.
'
'
,
'
‘
of the gas before the restricted passage of the
calorimeter are the same as those‘before‘the
supply-meter; 6 is therefore of the same value
The problem is a simple one when the gas has
constant characteristics: pressure, temperature,
moisture, composition, calori?c value.
,
In general, all these characteristics are varia
in both cases
.,
-
h, diiference of pressure between the near side
ble; it is thus necessary to calculate the speci?c
and the far side of the restricted passage
‘
weight in order to calculate the outputs which
A, constant water supply
,
are involved in the measurement of the output
AT, di?erence between the temperatures of the
of the gas and in the measurement of the quantity 15
water of the calorimeter at the inlet and at the
of gas admitted into the calorimeter.
when
'
‘
.The calori?c output is calculated from the out
C, calori?c value of the gas
put reduced to normal conditions and from the
q, supply of gas to the calorimeter, the value of
calori?c value taking into account the speci?c
which is
weight.
'
20
In this case the measuring equipment comprises
h
numerous instruments: supply-meter, calorim
PM
eter, densimeter, thermometer, pressure-gauge,
barometer and; in general, does not directly sup
The calori?c value is expressed by:
VC=A.AT=A.AT
q hex/E6
ply the calori?c output, which has to be calcu
lated;
'7
'
i
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>
The present invention has for its object to
provide an apparatus giving directly the calori?c
output, by direct reading on a single instrument,
‘ The calori?c output is therefore:
thus reducing the number of measurements and
in particular avoiding the measurement of the
speci?c weight, which is not reliable.
“
H A§AT_KS
‘H.
QC-KS 3--—,
JE-ITAATJ;
'
In a supply-meter comprising a gas pipe in
which the uncorrected output is measured by the
ks
—'
Now
pressure drop in a restricted passage or any other
‘
KS
device producing a pressure drop, the output Q
of the gas is ‘given by the formula:
K-A
is a constant which will be called K1, hence the
calori?c output can be expressed as
40
K is a coe?icient pertaining to the instrument
S is the area of the restricted passage
H is the pressure drop
6 is the speci?c weight of the gas.
The apparatus of the present invention is based
on this equation which pertains to the arrange
45 ment used and in which the speci?c weight of
the gas is eliminated.
A calorimeter of a usual type may be used,
such as a Junkers calorimeter or any other in
strument, and fed with a constant supply of water
' '
i
The difference between the upstream and down
stream pressures of the restricted passage of the
calorimeter is adjusted so that it is constantly
by any method usually used for obtaining such 50 equal to the pressure drop of the supply-meter,
constancy.
But contrary to custom, said calorimeter is not
so that h=H and the calori?c output is KiAT.
The calori?c output is therefore directly given
supplied with a constant ?ow of gas. It is only
by reading the instrument that measures the dif
ference between temperatures of the water ?ow
supplied under conditions of pressure difference
between opposite sides of the restricted passage, 65 ing into and issuing from the calorimeter.
2,574,665
3
4
The single ?gure of the accompanying draw
ing, which is given by way of a non-limitative
example, shows diagrammatically an apparatus
according to the invention.
In the drawing, C is the gas pipe and D its
What I claim is:
1. Apparatus for detecting and regulating the
nected to the pipe C on opposite sides of the
calori?c outputs of gaseous fuel circulating in a
main pipe, which comprises a calorimeter, means
for producing a drop of pressure in a part of said
main pipe, means for connecting the calorimeter
with said pipe ahead of said part, means for burn
restricted passage D by means of pipes ef and oh
ing in said calorimeter the ?ow of gaseous fuel
restricted passage.
The calorimeter M is con
before and after said passage. In the pipe ef is
which is conveyed to said calorimeter by said con
mounted the restricted passage d of the calorim 10 necting means, means in the circuit comprising
eter.
said connecting means and said calorimeter for
It can be seen that under these conditions the
producing a pressure drop in the ?ow of gaseous
calorimeter operates at the pressure p of the gas
fuel conveyed to the said calorimeter, said last
in the pipe. It is therefore necessary for the com
named means being adapted to give a pressure
bustion air to be blown by a fan V, and the prob
drop equal to said ?rst named one, piping means
lem arises of regulating the air supply propor
for introducing gas under pressure containing
tionally to the supply of gas burned in the
oxygen into said calorimeter for burning the
calorimeter, so that the excess of air is substan
gaseous fuel crossing said calorimeter, means on
tially constant and the thermic efficiencyv of the
calorimeter is not altered, otherwise an error i
would be introduced into the readings of the
calorimeter.
For this purpose, the following contrivance is
used.
A pipe kl is connected before the restricted
passage D and to the calorimeter; in said pipe
is provided a restricted passage. The fan V blows
the'combustion air through the pipe kl or better,
through a .pressure regulating chamber E located
before (2'. ‘The supply of airr is slightly greater .
than the maximum supply required to provide
satisfactory combustion when the supply of gas
is at its maximum. The restricted passage 01’
introduces into the air supplya pressure dif
ference equal to H and identical to that which
acts on the gas supply. The supplies of air and
the ?rst named one, a discharge pipe ahead of
the said last named means for evacuating the ex
cess of said gas containing oxygen, valve means
on said main pipe for regulating the output of
gaseous fuel passing through said pipe, and
means responsive to the variations of tempera
ture in said calorimeter for operating said valve
means.
2. An apparatus for detecting the calori?c out
puts of gaseous fuel circulating in a main pipe,
which comprises a calorimeter, means for produc
ing a drop of pressure in a part of said main pipe;
means for connecting the calorimeter with said
pipe ahead of said part, means for burning in‘
said calorimeter the ?ow of gaseous fuel which
is conveyed to said calorimeter by said connecting
gas are therefore proportional whatever the sup
ply of gas to the calorimeter. The excess of air
blown in ?ows into the gas supply pipe 0 through
the pipe E70. In most cases this air is not ob- i.’ I
jectionable, since its supply is small as compared
means, means in the circuit comprising said con
necting means and said calorimeter for producing
a pressure drop in the flow of gaseous fuel con
veyed to said calorimeter, said last named means
being adapted to give a pressure drop equal to
with the supply of the gas pipe C: the same more
over applies to the smoke which escapes from the
calorimeter and ?ows into the pipe C after the
restricted passage D.
The igniting of the burner mounted in the
said ?rst named one, piping means for introduc
ing gas under pressure containing oxygen into
said calorimeter for burning the gaseousv fuel
crossing said calorimeter, means on said piping
means for producing in the ?ow of gas containing
oxygen a pressure drop equal to the ?rst named
one, and a discharge pipe ahead of the said last
named means for evacuating the excess of said
gas containing oxygen.
PIERRE SCI-IULLER.
calorimeter may be effected by any method, viz.
external ignition, internal ignition by means of a
hot wire plug, spark, etc.
The drawing furthermore shows diagram
matically at T an instrument of known type
which registers the temperatures of the water at
the inlet and at the outlet of the colorimeter.
The apparatus just described for measuring
calori?c outputs, provides for a solution of the
problem of regulating the calori?c output; in or
der to render the calori?c output QC constant,
it is in fact necessary to keep AT constant by
acting on the gas supply in the pipe C.
The ?gure shows diagrammatically how the
REFERENCES CITED
The followingyreferences are of record in the
?le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
Number
Name
Date
2,067,645
2,349,521
gaseous ?ow throughthepipe P can be controlled
in accordance with the instantaneous calori?c
value of the gas. A butter?y valve ?tted up in
the gas pipe P is actuated, through an adequate
linkage, from the instrument T which is respon
sive to the calori?c output.
said piping means for producing in the flow of
gas containing oxygen a pressure drop equal to
Number
65
Pinkerton ________ __ Jan. 12, 1937
Schmidt __________ __ May 23, 1944
FOREIGN PATENTS
Country
Date
104,666
Sweden __________ __ June 2, 1942
637,338
Germany ________ __ Oct. 26, 1936