Патент USA US2606542

Aug. 12, 1952
2,606,539
H FIELD, JR
VALVE CONTROL FOR ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS
Filed May 27, 1946
15
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AFTER
COOLER
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COOLER
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HOWARD F/ELD a/AZ,
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ATTO/QNEKS
Patented Aug. 12, 1952
2,606,539
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
2,606,539
VALVE CONTROL FOR ENGINE COOLING
SYSTEMS
HowardField, in, Los Angeles, Calif.
Application May 27, 1946, Serial No. 672,367‘
24 Claims. (Cl. 123--41.29)
1
2
This invention relates to an automatic shut-v
off valve adapted for use in ?uid circulating
systems or in systems including hydraulically
to a decrease in ?ow through said return passage
actuated devices.
'
‘The present invention is particularly adapted
for use in engine cooling systems which include
an engine driven pump for circulating ‘ho-twat?!‘
from an engine to a cooling radiator‘ and drawg
ing cool water from said radiator to said engine
for ‘cooling purposes. While the invention is
hereinafter described in connection withsuch a
to close both passages, thereby preventing loss
of ?uid due to leaks in the radiator or hydraulic’
actuator or in the lines connected thereto.
‘Another object is to provide in an automatic
shut-o? valve of the type indicated, a novel and
ingenious means for connecting the valve mem
bers for simultaneous movement to open or closed
positions whereby the rate of ?ow of fluid
10 through the primary passage in excess of the
rate of ?ow through said'return passage will act
coolant circulating system it will be obvious that
to close both valve members to insure against
the improved shut-off valve is applicable to other
systems and I do not vwish to be limited to the
loss of fluid, the valve members remaining in
exact embodiment disclosed‘. The present in
vention is concerned particularly with an auto
matic shut-off valve to be used in an engine
closed position until ?ow is established in the
1.5 return line.
Another object is to provide a valve of the
type speci?ed in which only a limited amount
coolant circulating system having a primary line
of ?uid is permitted to ?ow in the primary line
extending from the engine pump to‘ a radiator
until ?ow is’established in the returnv line.
’
and a return line extending from the radiator 20 Another objectis to provide an automatic
back to the engine. This, brie?y, is the
' type of
shut-off valve in which interconnected poppet
type valve members are employed and in which
cooling system used in automotive vehicles and
in aircraft. Occasionally the coolant lines of an
the poppet located in the primary passage serves
to prevent ?ow through the primary line until
aircraft engine will break accidentally or will
be broken or severed by gun ?re or for other 25 said poppet is unseated by the ?ow in the return
reasons. My automatic shut-off valve is in
cluded, in the cooling system in such a manner
that both the primary flow and return ?ow pass
through my valve. If any lines become broken
or severed between my shut-off valve and the
cooling radiator, then my valve will automatically
operate to prevent the loss of ?uid in the flow
lines.
30
line reacting against the poppet located in the
return passage, said poppet valves being adapted
to Open due to expansion of ?uid or the develop
ment of excessive pressure in the radiator'or
other ?uid device due to obstructions or other
causes.
Another object is to provide in a valve of the
type referred to a manual resetting means which
may be operated in order to clear the lines and
It is also within the concept of my in
vention to so connect the improved ‘shut-off valve
to a selector valve that simultaneous with the 35 to test them and also to initially reset the valve
to establish flow of ?uid through the valve.
shutting off of the flow of coolant to the radiator
A further object is to provide a valve of the
the ?ow of coolant is diverted to an auxiliary
radiator. When the shut-off valve is employed
type indicated in which the poppet type valve
in a hydraulic system the primary ?ow of the
members may be carried by a coaxial stem to
hydraulic actuating devices and‘ the return ?ow 40 simplify the construction.
,
from such devices back to the pump pass through
A further object is to provide a shut-off valve
of the type referred to which may be advan
tageously used in conjunction with a selector
my valve.
'An object of my invention is to provide a novel
valve which functions, when the shut-off .valve
automatic shut-off valve of the‘ character re
ferred to which} is controlled by the ?ow of fluid 45 isclosed, to divert the flow of ?uid to an auxiliary
in the return line and if there is no ?ow of ?uid
radiator or other device whereby to preventrup
turing of the lines due to excessive pressure
in this return line, the valve remains closed and
developed therein by the ?uid pump.
the pump cannot force ?uid through such lines
A still further object is to provide an automatic
causing the fluid to be lost.
,
.
Another object is to provide a novel automatic 50 shut-01f valve which is simple in construction,
inexpensive to manufacture and especially effi
shut-off valve having a primary passage and a
cient in performing its intended function‘.
“
return passage and valve members in said pas
Other objects, advantages, and features of in
sages, said valve members being responsive to
continuous flow through both passages to main
vention will appear from the accompanying
tain both passages open but adapted to respond
55
drawing, the subjoined detailed description and
,
‘2,606,535
3
4
the app-ended claims. Referring to the drawing,
which is for illustrative purposes only:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing my im
proved automatic shut-off valve incorporated in
the cooling system of an aircraft engine;
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of my shut
off valve;
Fig, 3 is a cross-sectional view through the
shut-off valve taken on line 3—-3 of Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a shut-o?
valve of modi?ed construction.
In the speci?cation and appended claims the
term “pressure” is to be construed as meaning“
shut off the ?ow of ?uid through the passages
8 and 22. The valve seats 52 and 53 may have
resilient inserts 54 if desired.
It will be apparent from the foregoing that
the valve members 41 and 48 are responsive to
and their operation dependent upon the ?ow of
?uid through the respective passages 8 and 22
in which they operate. That is to say, the ?ow
of ?uid through the passages 8 and 22 reacts or
impinges against the heads 50 and 5| to either
engage or disengage said heads from the valve
seats 52 and 53. For example, when the rate of
?ow of ?uid is equal in both passages 8 and 22
the force of the outgoing and incoming fluid will
“pressure per unit of area.”
Referring more particularly to Figs. 2 and 3 of I’ be equal and therefore both valve heads 50 and
_ 5| will be held away from the seats 52 and 53 to
the drawing, my shut-01f valve 5 includes a valve
permit continuous circulation of ?uid through
body 6 and a cylinder 1 which may be an integral
the radiator I6. However, if a leak should oc
part of the body 6 or may be in the form of a
cur in the radiator |6 or return line 28 the rate
sleeve held in place as herein shown. The valve
body 6 is provided with a primary passage 8 in 20 of ?uid ?ow through the primary passage 8 will
increase to a value in excess of the ?ow through
cluding a primary inlet port 9 and a primary out
the return passage 22 and thus the valve member
let port I0. The primary inlet port 8 is in ?uid
41 will be forced against its seat 52. As the valve
communication with a passage I2 into. which the
member 41 is moved against the seat 52 its rack
primary ?ow line I3 ‘from the engine-driven
teeth 49 which mesh with the gear teeth 39 of
pump I4 extends, as diagrammatically shown in
the shaft 38 to rotate the shaft in a direction to
Fig. 1. The primary outlet port I0 is connected
cause it to simultaneously move the other valve
by a line I5 to a cooling radiator I6 as indicated
member 48 in the same direction to cause its
diagrammatically in Fig. 1. A relatively short
head 5| to engage against the seat 53 to close the
duct |‘| connects one end I8 of the cylinder] to
return passage 22.
the passage I2 and a similar duct I9 communi
The partition or wall 35 of the valve body 6 is
cates between the other end 28 of the cylinder
provided with a bore 56 in which‘ a manually
and the primary outlet port I9, the purpose of
these ductsbeing subsequently explained.
operable rod 5'! is adapted to slide and an en
The valve body 6 is also provided with a re-:
turn passage, indicated generally by the refer
larged bore 58 extending coaxial with the bore
56 and in which a plunger 59 is arranged to slide.
The plunger 59 is provided with rack teeth 60
which mesh with the gear teeth 49 of the shaft
ence character 22, which extends parallel to the
primary passage 8. The return passage 22 in
cludes a return inlet port 23 and a return outlet
port 24, the latter port communicating with a
passage 25 which maybe connected to the air-,
craft engine 26 by means of a line 21 (Fig, 1').
The return inlet port 23 is connected to the out’
let side of the engine radiator I6 by. a'line or
pipe 28 (Fig. 1).
'
.
Arranged for axialsliding movement in the
cylinder ‘I is a piston member 30. As shown in
Fig. 2, the piston member 30 is of hollow'con
struction and compressed between the end wall of
38 and a coil spring 6| pocketed in an axial open
ing 62 in the plunger with its opposite end en
gaging the inner end of the bore 58 acts to slide
said plunger toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 2,
to rotate the shaft 38 in a direction to normally
maintain the valve members 4‘! and 48 in open
position. The plunger 59 constitutes a dash-pot
member and its sliding movement is resisted by
the passage of ?uid through a restricted aperture
64 in the wall of the valve body 6 between the
bore 58 and the passage 22. The dash-pot plung
the piston and a ledge 3| within the cylinder is
a coil spring 32 serving to normally maintain the
piston in the end I8 of the cylinder. Fluid pass
ing through the valve 5 to the radiator I6 is
adapted to ?ow through the duct I9 into the
ing vibrational oscillation of the shaft 38 and for
preventing ?uttering of the valve members 41
and 48 in addition to resisting closing of said
cylinder 1 to substantially ?ll the same for .a
the plunger 59 may be loosely ?tted in the bore
purpose to be later explained. _
58 to permit the passage of ?uid from the sys
tem to the opposite ends of the plunger to cause
The wall or partition 35 which separates the
two passages 8 and 22 is formed with a'pair of
oppositely extending bearing bosses 36 and 3'!
er 59 thus serves as a damping means for absorb
valve members.
As an alternative construction
the ?uid to serve as the damping means.
The
damping action of the ?uid will be proportionate
which are disposed within the passages Band 22,
to the viscosity of the ?uid.
.
respectively, and a bore extends between the 60
The rod 51 has its inner end disposed within
bosses and through the wall 35 to receive a shaft
the bore 58 and is provided with a ?ange 66
38 (Figs. 2 and 3). The shaft 38 is provided with
adapted to abut against the inner end of ,said
gear teeth 39 at its ends and also with a pinion
bore to prevent withdrawal of the rod from the
40' midway between its ends.
Formed integral
with the bearing bosses 36 and 31 are right an
gular‘slide bearings.“ and 43 having bores for
receiving the stems 45 and 46 of a primary valve
member 41 ‘and a return valve member 48. The
valve stems 45 and 46 are provided with rack
teeth 49 adapted to mesh with the gear teeth39
at the ends of the shaft 38 (Fig. 3).
.
'
The valve members 41 and 48 are constructed
in the form of poppet valves, having poppet heads
50 and 5|, respectively, which are adapted to be
engaged with annular valve seats 52 and 53 ‘to
valve body 6.
The rod5l projects outwardly
beyond the valve body 6 and has a head 6'! there-v
on. Surrounding the projecting end of the rod
51 with its ends engaging the, body 6 and the
head 61 is a coil spring 68 which normally main
tains the rod in its outermostposition withthe
’ ?ange 66 abutting the inner end of the bore ‘.58
as shown in Fig. 2. When it is desired to reset
the valve members 41 and 48, that is to unseat
the valve members to clear the lines of airvor
obstructions, or test the lines, the rod 57 is'dee.
pressed to'c'ause its ?ange 66 to engage the inner
5
‘256063539.
end of ~the~dash~potlplunger 59 to slide theplung-J
er toward-the right as viewed in Fig. 2, whereby
to rotate the» shaft 38 in a direction-to unseat
the valve members, the force applied against the’
plunger being augmentedfbylthe spring 611.
‘My improved automatic shut-off valve maybe
applied‘to'use in- many ?uidw systems, Fig. lof'th'e
drawing ‘illustrating .it as incorporated in. ‘the
cooling system ofla water cooled‘; aircraft engine:
When connected ‘in such a. cooling system the;
shut~offvalve may be. used-in. conjunction with.
a selector valve, indicated generally by the ref
erence character 10 in Fig. l. ‘The selector valve.
‘i5 may comprise a cylindrical valve body ‘ll hav
ing‘ a‘ longitudinal-bore 12 in which‘ a ‘valving
member 73 is adapted to slide. The valving mem
ber ‘i3- is peripherally grooved at spaced inter
vals toprovide headsla, 15, 17, and 18‘ with an
nular openingsi'id, 80, andv 8| therebetween. A
6
line 2i!v and thus the valve 48 will be shifted: to.
ward the left. Since the valve 48 is operatively;
connected to the valve 41, the latter will also be
movedtoopen position. The. piston 30 will con
tinue tomove until all the ?uid in the cylinder 1'
has been discharged into the primary outlet port
lsll; During the period oftime in which the piston
member 38 moves inthis direction, ?ow of ?uid,
will be established in the returnline 28 and return
passage.‘ 22‘ and this flow will react. against the,
valve head. 51 to open the valve member 48, ‘thus.
permittingreturn ?ow through the opening SI
of theselectcr valve TO and the line 27 to the
engine. .Assuming thatthe rate of ?ow of ?uid.
throughthe primary and return passages Band .22:
is.equal,. the hydraulic forces on the valve mem
here, 41. and 48 will be in, equilibrium and. the
spring 61 will cause the valves to remain opera,
Normal ?ow having thus been established, the;
pressure in the primary inlet and outlet ports will
be equal and the spring 32 will return the piston
30 to initial position to cause ?uid to be drawn.
spring 83‘ disposed. within the bore 12 engages 20
an. end of the valving member '13 to normally
forcev the member to the position shown by. full:
lines in Fig. 1.. With. the valving. member 7.3 in
this position, the .?uid normally is adapted. to
As explained “above, when the rate of ?ow of
?owfrom the return outlet port 25%; through the 25 ?uid through the primary and return passages 8
and 22 is’ equal, the cooling ?uid is adapted to be
opening 8| and into the line 21 to be returned
into the cylinder.
_
1
_
,_
_
.
drawn from the engine 26, and circulated through
the radiator It. in the usual manner. However,
absorbing heat in the engine 26, the ?uid is forced
should a leak occur in the lines 15 or 28 orpin
by ‘the pump .Ii‘ri, through the line [3, passage l2,
primary inlet port 9, primary outlet port H) .and 30' the radiator IF; the rate of flow through thereturn
to the engine 26 for cooling purposes. - After
line [5. to the radiator L5. The after-cooler 85
of the airplane has its inlet and outlet ports 86
and 81 joined to the selector valve 11] and nor
mally in ?uid communication‘ with. the Openings.
80 and 19 respectively. Also normally communi
cating with the openings 19 and 89 are the inlet
and outlet ports .89 and 90 .of an after-cooler
radiator 9|. In Fig. 1, the means connecting the
valve members 41 and as for simultaneous move
ment to open ‘and closed. positions .is diagram; 40
matically indicated by the. dotted line 92, it be
ing. understoodthat this means consists of the
passage 22 will become less than the rate of flow
through the primary passage 8 and when this con
dition exists the valve members 4'1, and 48 will
become unbalanced and the valve member 47 will
respond to the greater flow through the primary,
passage 8 to seat on the valve seat 52 to prevent.
further ?ow of ?uid to the radiator 15. _ Closing
the valvemember 47 will cause simultaneous clos
ing of the valve member 48.
g ‘
- After the valve member 41 has closed to disrupt
the ?ow of ?uid to the radiator, ?uid pressure
will be developed within the primary passage 8
and passage l2 by the engine pump [4. As before
shaft 138 and related parts, previously described‘.
explained,‘ this pressure actuates the piston 30 in
My improved automatic shut-off valve shown
in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, operates in the following 4-5 an effort to establish normal flow but since normal
manner: Assuming that the engine 26 has been vreturn ?ow is impossible, due to leakage, the
valve members 41 and 48 will not open before the
inoperative, the valve members 41 and 48 will be
piston reaches the end of its operative stroke. It
maintained in open position by 'the dash-pot
is apparent therefore, that the piston will remain
plunger 59 which is held depressed by the spring
in this position due to pressure in the cylinder 1
51, theplunger acting through the shaft to slide
and it is also evident that this pressure will act
the valve members toward the left as viewed in
against the end of the valving member 13 to shift
Fig. .2 to withdraw their poppets 50* and 5| from
the latter downwardly in the bore 12 of the valve
engagement with the valve seats 52 and 53. When
body ‘H against the action of the spring 33. Dur
the engine 26 is started its pump I4 will act to
draw. coolant fluid from the engine block and 55 ing this shifting movement of the valving mem
ber '53 any ?uid present inthe lower end of the
force it‘through the line l3, passage [2, primary
bore 12 will be dischargedthrough a conduit 93.
inlet port .9, primary outlet port I0 and line I5
which is connected to the duct 19.
,
into. thelmain engine radiator l6. When the
radiator It is not completely ?lled with ?uid the
When the valving member '13 of the selector
return ?ow of ?uid therefrom will be temporarily 60 valve ‘H3 is shifted downwardly, its spaced heads
delayed and during this interval of time the ?ow
‘l5, ‘l6, ‘l1, and 73 will assumethe positions indiof ?uid through the primary passage 8 will exceed
cated by dotted lines. The inlet and outlet ports
the ?ow through the return passage 22. ‘Due to
36 and 81 of the after-cooler 85 are thus isolated
this. unbalanced flow the valve member ll‘! will be
between the heads 15 and ‘i6 and circulation of
moved toward the right, vas viewed in Fig. 2, to
fluid between the after-cooler and after-cooler
engage the seat 52 to close the primary passage 8.
radiator 9| is disrupted. At the same time ?uid
With thepassage 8 thus closed, continuedpump
?ow is established through the passage l2, upper
ing of the ?uid will cause pressure to be developed
end of the bore 12 and port 89 to the after-cooler
in the inlet passage I2 and duct I1. vThispressure,
radiator. 9L. Likewise, ?uid ?ow is established
acting againstvthe end of the piston 30‘ will force‘
through the port Gil, bore 12 and line 2? to the
the lattertoward the right, thus expelling fluid
engine 26 so that the after-cooler radiator 9|,
from the cylinder and forcing it into the primary
serves as a substitute for the main radiator I6
and the engine coolant ?uid is cooled during-its
outletjport Ill. During this movement of the pis
circulation therethrough. Thepartsof the shut
ton 30, ?uid pressure will ‘be builtup within the
primary outlet ,port 10,, line I'5, radiator H5 and, 75. off valve 5 and its, associated selector valve 1i}
2,606,539
7
will remain in the positions just explained so long
as the engine pump continues to circulate coolant
?uid.
.
the opposite end of the boss I24. A head or pop
pet I32 is slidably mounted on the valve stem
I25 between the collar I30 and the valve seat I22
and is adapted to close against the valve seat I22
After the aircraft has landed and its engine
for a purpose to be later explained.
stopped, the leak in the cooling system may be
While the automatic shut-o? valve illustrated
repaired so that the engine radiator I6 may again
in Fig. 4 may be used in various ?uid systems
be used. After the engine is stopped, the parts
it has been found to be especially useful in an
of the shut-off valve 5 and selector valve ‘I0 will
engine cooling system such as that previously
assume the positions shown by full lines in Fig. 1
due to the absence 'of pressure in the system. 10 referred to. When the valve is connected in an
engine cooling system the primary inlet port I03
After the leak has been repaired and the engine
receives coolant ?uid from the engine pump (not
26 started, the piston 30 will act to unseat the
shown) and the ?uid is'discharged through the
valve members 41 and 48 to establish ?ow through
primary outlet port I04 to enter the engine radi
the primary and return passages 8 and 22 in the
manner previously explained. It is apparent, 15 ator (not shown). After passing through the
radiator the ?uid normally ?ows into the return
therefore, that my improved automatic shut-off
inlet port I06 and discharges through the re
valve, when used with a selector valve and con
turn outlet port I0‘I into the engine for recircula
nected in a cooling system including an auxiliary
tion by the pump. As in the automatic shut-off
radiator, serves to disrupt the ?ow of ?uid
through the main radiator to prevent loss of 20 valve shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the alternative valve
I00 is adapted to automatically shut off the ?ow
?uid and also functions to divert the ?ow of said
of ?uid through the primary passage I02 when
?uid through the auxiliary radiator so that the
the rate of ?uid ?ow through the return pas
engine may continue to operate. sage I05 becomes less than the ?ow through the
It will be understood that a metering device
which is adapted to permit flow of a predeter 25 primary passage I02, due to leakage in the radi
ator or the ?uid lines.
mined amount of ?uid may be substituted for the
Assuming that ?uid is being pumped through
displacement cylinder ‘I. It is also within the
the primary passage I02 to a radiator and that
concept of my invention to provide a by-pass con
the ?uid is being returned to said pumping means
nected between the cylinder (or metering device)
and the return line 21 to divert the ?ow of ?uid 30 by way of return passage I05, if the rate of ?ow
through the passages is equal then the valve
from the passage I2 to the line 21 after the
heads or poppets I26 and I32 will be spaced from
shut-o? valve 5 has closed.
their respective seats I2I and I22 as shown in
Referring now to Fig. 4, the alternative shut
Fig. 4. In other words, the force of the ?uid
off valve I00 comprises a valve body IOI pro
applied against the poppet I26 is equal to the
vided with a primary?uid passage I02 including
force applied against, the poppet I32, it being
a primary inlet port I03 and a primary outlet
noted the ?uid will ?ow through the tubular
port I04. The body IOI is also provided with a
stem I25 to exert equal force against both ends
return passage I05 including a return inlet port
of the stem. If desired, the 1ongitudinal opening
I06 and a return outlet port I01. Preferably
formed integral with the body IOI is a circular 40 in the stem may be restricted in diameter to
effect a dash-pot action for preventing valve ?ut
wall I08 de?ning a cylinder I09, and ports II 0
ter. By arranging the poppet I32 to slide on the
and III lead from opposite ends of the cylinder
stem I25, when poppet I26 is closed against its
to communicate with the primary inlet and out
seat I2I, poppet I32 may move slightly to adjust
let ports I03 and I04, respectively. A hollow pis
itself to the seat I22.
ton member II 3 is arranged to slide vertically
Under a desired condition of. operation the
in the cylinder I09 and is normally held in ele
force acting on poppet I32 tending to move the
vated position by a coil spring I I4. An outlet
same toward the leftv would very slightly over
port I I5 in the wall I08 of the cylinder I09 is
balance the force tending to move the poppet
normally closed by the side of the piston member
I26 toward the right, the ?uid force against
II3 when the latter is disposed adjacent the
each poppet being equal and the very slight over‘
upper end of said cylinder. A by-pass conduit
balance being effected by the spring I29. If a
H1 is connected betweenv the port H5 and the
leak should occur in the system, less ?uid would
return outlet port I0'I for a purpose to be later
return through the return passage I05 than
explained.
Y
As shown in the drawing, the primary and 55 entered theprizmary'passage I02'and the force
acting to move the poppets toward the left would
return passages I02 and I05 are provided with
decrease due to the decreased rate of ?ow
offset portions or ori?ces H9 and I20 and sur
through the passage I05. ‘Since the force acting
rounding these ori?ces the walls of the valve
to move the poppet I 26 toward the right remains
body IOI are formed with annular valve seats
I2I and I22. The partition wall I23 between the 60 at its previous value an unbalanced condition
would exist and the poppet I26 would be forced
two passages I02 and I05 is provided with a boss
against its seat I2I to close the primary passage
I24 having a bore in which a tubular valve stem
I02. As the poppet I26 approaches the seat I2I
I25 is adapted to slide. One end of the valve'
a reduced pressure area would occur at the right
stem I25 extends into the primary inlet port I03
and is provided with a valve head or poppet I26 65 of the ori?ce II9 due to throttling of the ?uid
and a Venturi effect so that this poppet would
adapted to close against the valve seat I2I. The
snap shut against the action of the spring I29.
other end of the tubular valve stem I 25 is dis
Simultaneous with the closing of the poppet I26.
posed within a slide bearing I28 formed on the
the poppet I32 is engaged by the collar I30 and
inner surface of the valve body IOI~wlthin the
return inlet port I06. The stemI25 is normally 70 moved to the right to close against the seat I22.
Pressure developed in the primary inlet‘ port
urged toward the left by a coil spring I29 sur
I03 and‘ port IIO, due to continued operation of
rounding the stem between the boss I24 and the
the engine pump, will: act to force the piston
head I26, movement of the stem in this direc
tion being limited by the engagement of a col
member II3 downwardly in the cylinder to dis
lar I30 fast on the stem and normally abutting 75 charge ?uid from the lower end of said cylinderi
‘ 2,606,539
9
10
into the primary outlet port I 04 from which point
it will be forced into the system to‘ discharge
through the leak. As the ‘piston member “3'
selector valve being actuated by pressure de
veloped in said line due to closing of said shut
off valve to divertthe ?ow of ?uid through said
‘auxiliary device; and means for directing the
?ow of ?uid from said auxiliary device back
descends it eventually uncovers the port. H5 to
permit the ?uid to pass through the conduit 1 l1
into the return outlet port I01 which, as pre
viously explained, is connected to the suction
side of the circulating pump. If desired, ‘an
auxiliary cooling radiator could be interposed
in the line. or conduit H1 so that the coolant
‘ ?uid would continue to :be cooled. It is apparent
from the above that the shut-o? valve lil?, shown
in Fig. .4, functions automatically to prevent ‘?ow
of ?uid to a radiator or other device when a
leak occurs in the system which the device’ is
incorporated.
‘It will be observed from the foregoing that
my invention provides a particularly simple, yet
highly e?icient valve for shutting off the flow
to said pump.
.
3. In a hydraulic system including a device‘
to‘be hydraulically actuated and a ?uid circu
lating pump 'for supplying ?uid through a line
to said device and returning it back through a
conduit tosaid pump, the combination of: an
automatic shut-off valve connected in said sys
tem and through which the supply and return
flow of ?uid passages, said shut-o? valve being
responsive to normal rate of ?ow through said
conduitto permit the ?ow'of said ?uid through'
said line and responsive to a decrease‘ in the'rate
of ?ow in said conduit to close said line to prevent
?ow vfrom said pump to said device; and'by-pass
20 means for diverting the ?ow of said ?uid from
said line to said conduit after said shut-off valve
of ?uid being supplied to a device if a leak should
occur in the ?uid system. The improved shut
o? valve is entirely automatic in operation and
has closed said line.
' v
4. In a hydraulic system including a device to
requires little or no ‘attention except to periodi~
be hydraulically actuated and a ?uid circulating
cally check its operation. Thevalve may be
advantageously employed in many ?uid systems 25 pump for supplying ?uid through a line to vsaid
and is particularly adapted for use in the hy
device and returning it back through a conduit
draulic ‘actuating systems and engine cooling sys
tems of military aircraft wherein the ?uid lines
are subjected to gun ?re and apt to become
damaged from other causes.
‘
'
While my improved automatic shut-o? valve
has been herein shown and described as em
bodied in two preferred forms of construction
by way of example, it is to be understood that
‘various changes may be made in its construction .
and in the manner of applying it to use with
out departing from the'spirit of the invention
and I therefore reserve the right to all such
changes as properly come within the scope of the
to said pump, the combination of: an automatic
shut-off valve connected in’ said system and
through which the supply and return ?ow of
?uid passes, said shut-off valve ‘being respon
sive to normal rate of ?ow through said conduit
to permit the ?ow of said ?uid through said line
and responsive to a decrease in the rate of ?ow
in'said conduit to close said line to preventz?ow
from said pump to said device; and by-pass
means responsive to closing of said ‘valve for
diverting the flow of said ?uid from said line ‘to
said conduit.
-
5. In a ?uid circulating system including‘ a
appended claims.
’
40 device adapted to contain ?uid, a pump for sup
plying ?uid through a line to said device and
I claim as my invention:
1. In an engine cooling system including a
a conduit for returning ?uid from said device
main radiator and a pump for circulating coolant
to said pump, an automatic shut-off valve con
from an engine through a line to said radiator
nected in said system and through which the
and back through a conduit to said engine, the 45 supply and return ?ow of ?uid passes, said
shut-off valve being responsive to normal rate
combination of: an automatic shut-off valve in
of ?ow of said ?uid through said conduit to per
‘said system; an automatic selector valve in said
mit the ?ow of said ?uid through said line and
system; and an auxiliary radiator, said shut
responsive to a decrease ‘in the rate of ?ow of
off valve being responsive to a normal rate of
?ow of ?uid through said conduit to permit the 50 said ?uid in said conduit to close said line to pre
vent ?ow of said ?uid from said pump to said
flow of ?uid from said pump tosaid main radiator
device.
and responsive to a decrease in the rate of ?ow
6. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
of ?uid through said conduit to shut off the ?ow
valve body provided with a primary passage
of ?uid from said pump to said main radiator,
having a primary inlet port and a primary out
and said selector valve being actuated by ?uid
let port and provided with a return passage hav
pressure developed in said line whensaid shut
ing a return inlet port and a return outlet port,
off valve is closed to divert the ?ow of ?uid
said return inlet port being connectible to said
primary outlet port to provide for ?uid flow
engine for recirculation.
60 through said primary passage from said primary
inlet port to said primary outlet port and sub
‘ ' 2. In a hydraulic system including a device ‘to
sequently through said return passage from said
be hydraulically actuated and a ?uid circulating
return inlet port to said return outlet port, said
pump for supplying ?uid through a line to said
valve body being provided with primary and re
device and returning it back through a conduit
turn valve seats in said primary and return pas
to said pump, the combination of: an ‘automatic
sages, respectively; ?ow-responsive primary
shut-off valve connected in said system and
valve means in said primary passage and mov
through which the supply and return ?ow of ?uid
able downstream in said primary passage into
passes, said shut-01f valve being responsive to
normal rate of ?ow through said conduit to per
engagement with said primary valve seat by
mit the flow of said ?uid through said line‘ and 70 ?ow through said primary passage from said pri
mary inlet port toward said primary outlet port
responsive to a decrease in the rate of ?ow in
said conduit to close said line to‘ prevent ?ow
so as to close said primary passage; ?ow-respon
sive return valve means‘ in said return passage
from said pump to said device; an auxiliary de
from said line to said auxiliary radiator; and
means for directing the ?ow of ?uid back to said
vice; selector valve means connected between.
and movable downstream in said return passage
said shut-01f valve and said auxiliary device,1sai'd 75 out of engagement with said return valve seat
"2,606,539
11
12
,by ?ow in said return passage from said return
.inlet port toward said return outlet port‘so as
port and provided with a return passage having
a return inlet port and a return outlet port, said
return inlet port being connectible to said pri
mary outlet port to provide for ?uid ?ow through
said primary passage from said primary inlet
to open said return passage; and means con
necting said primary and return valve means
for simultaneous movement toward and away
from said primary and return valve seats, re
port to said primary outlet port and subsequently
spectively, both of said valve means being spaced
through said return passage from said return in
‘from said valve seats, respectively, as long as
let port to said return outlet port, said valve body
the rate of ?ow through said primary passage
being provided with primary and return valve
exceeds the rate of flow through said return pas 10 seats in said primary and return passages, re
spectively; ?ow-responsive primary valve means
sage by less than a predetermined amount, both
P of said valve means being moved into engage
in said primary passage and movable down
stream in said primary passage into engagement
ment with said valve seats, respectively, to close
with said primary valve seat by flow through said
both of said passages when the rate of ?ow
through said primary’passage exceeds the rate 15 primary passage‘ from said primary inlet port to
ward said primary outlet port so as to close said
of flow through said return passage by more than
primary passage; ?ow-responsive return valve
said predetermined amount, said means connect
means in said return passage and movable down—
ing said primary and return valve means includ
stream in said return passage out of engagement
ing a shaft rotatably mounted in said valve body
with said return valve seat by flow in said re
and provided with gear teeth in mesh with ‘gear
turn passage from said return inlet port toward
teeth on each of said valve means, said shaft
said return outlet port so as to open said return
serving to convert movement of one of said valve
passage, each of said valve means being provided
means toward and away from its valve seat into
with rack teeth; and a shaft rotatable in said
movement of the other of said valve means to
ward and away ‘from its valve seat, respectively, 25 body and having gear teeth meshing with said
rack teeth of each valve means, said valve means
' so as to effect simultaneous movement and clos
being spaced from their respective seats during
ing movement of said valve means.
substantially equal rates of flow of ?uid through
7. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
said primary and return passages and said valve
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet 30 means in said primary passage acting in response
to a rate of flow through said primary passage in
port and provided with a'return passage having
‘excess of the rate of flow through said return
a'return inlet port and a return outlet port, said
passage by a predetermined amount to close said
return inlet‘ port'being connectible to said pri
primary passage, such closing action being trans
mary outlet port'to provide for fluid ?ow through
said primary passage from said primary inlet CO mitted by said shaft to the other of said valve
means to effect substantially simultaneous clos
' port to said primary outlet port and subsequently
ing of said return passage.
through said return passage from said return
9. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
inlet port to said return outlet port, said valve
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
body being provided with primary and return
valve seats in said primary and return passages, 40 ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet port
I
respectively;
?ow-responsive
primary
valve
means‘ in said primary passage‘ and movable
and provided with a return passage having a re
turn inlet port and a return outlet port, said re
turn inlet port being connectible to said primary
outlet port to provide for ?uid ?ow through said
gagement with said primary valve seat by flow
through said primary passage from said primary 45 primary passage from said primary inlet port to
said primary outlet port and subsequently
inlet port toward said primary outlet port so as
through said return passage from said return in
to close said primary passage; flow-responsive
let port to said return outlet port, said valve body
return valve means in said’ return passage and
being provided with primary and return valve
movable downstream'in said return passage out
seats in said primary and return passages, re
of engagement with said return valve seat by flow
spectively; flow-responsive primary valve means
in said return passage from said return inlet
slidably mounted in said valve body and movable
port toward said return outlet port so as to open
downstream in said‘ primary passage into en
said return passage; and a ‘shaft rotatable in
said valve body and provided with two sets of
gear teeth thereon, said primary and return -\
valve means being mounted in said valve body
for slidable movement toward and away from
said primary and return valve seats, respective
ly, and being provided with rack teeth thereon
downstream in said primary passage into en
gagement with said primary valve seat by ?ow
through said primary passage from said primary
inlet port toward said primary outlet port, said
primary valve means being provided with rack
teeth; flow-responsive return valve means slid
ably mounted in said Valve body and movable
respectively meshing with said sets of gear teeth 60 downstream in said return passage out of en
gagement with said return valve seat by flow
on said shaft, whereby sliding movement of said
through said return passage from said return in
primary valve means toward and away from
let port toward said return outlet port, said re
said primary valve seat produces sliding move
turn valve means being provided with rack teeth;
ment of said return valve means toward and
means connecting said primary and return valve
away from said return valve seat, respectively,
said primary valve means being slidable toward
means for converting opening and closing move
said primary valve seat by ?ow through said
ment of one of said valve means into correspond
primary passage from said primary inlet port
ing movements of the other of said valve means,
toward said primary outlet port Whenever the
whereby said primary valve means is moved to
rate of flow through said primary passage ex 70 ward said primary valve seat and moves said
ceeds the rate of ?ow through said return pas
return valve means toward said return valve seat
sage by more than a predetermined amount.
whenever the rate of flow through said primary
8. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
passage from said primary inlet port to said pri
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
mary outlet port exceeds the rate of flow through
ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet
said return passage from said return inlet port
2,306, 539
14
13
toward said return outlet ,port by more than
predetermined amount, said connecting vmeans
.including a shaft rotatably mounted in'said valve
.body and having two sets of gear teethfrespec
tively meshing with said rack teeth on said pri
mary and return valve means; and vibration
absorbing means engageable with said shaft for
reducing vibrational oscillations “thereof to pre
vent fluctuations of said valve means and to
damp the closing movements of said valve means.
10. An automatic shut-oil valve‘ including: a
valve body provided with a primary passagehav
ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet
port and provided with a return passage having
a return inlet port and a return outlet port, said
return inlet port being connectible to said ‘pri
mary outlet port to provide for ?uid flow through
said primary passage from said primary inlet
port to said primary outlet port and subsequent
‘inlet
ly through
port to
said
said
return
return
passage
outletfrom
port, said
saidreturn
valve
body being provided with primary and return
valve seats in said primary and return passages,
respectively;
?ow-responsive
primary
‘port and provided with a return passagelhaving
a'return inlet port and .areturn outlet port, said
return inlet port being‘ connectible to said pri
mary outlet port‘to provide for ?uid flow through
said primary ‘passage from said primary inlet port
to said primary outlet port and subsequently
through said return'passage ‘from said return
inlet port to‘ said return outlet port, said valve
body "being provided with primary and return
valve seats in said primary and return passages,
‘respectively; flow-responsive primary valve
means in said primary passage and movable
‘downstreamrinsaid primary passage into engage
ment with said primary valve seat by ?ow through
‘said ‘primary passage ‘from said primary inlet
port'toward said primary outlet port so ‘as to close
said ‘primary passage; flow-responsive return
valve means in said return passage ‘and movable
downstream in said return passage out of engage
ment with said return valve seat by flow in said
‘return passage from said return inlet port to
ward said vreturn outlet port so as to open vsaid
return passage; means connecting said primary
valve
‘means slidably mounted in said valve body and
movable downstream in said primary passage
into engagement vwith said primary valve seat
by flow through said primary passage from said
primary inlet port toward said primary outlet
port, said primary valve means being provided
with ‘rack teeth; ?ow-responsive return ‘valve
means slidably mounted in said valve body and
movable downstream in said return passage out
"of ‘engagement with said return valve seat by
?ow through said return passage from said re- '
turn inlet port toward said return outlet port,
said return valve means being provided with
rack teeth; means connecting said primary and
‘return valve means for converting opening ‘and
closing movement of one of said valve means .
into corresponding movements oi‘ the other of
said valve means, whereby said primary valve
means is moved into engagement with said pri
and return valve .means‘for simultaneous move
menttoward and away from said primary and re
turn valve seats, respectively, both of said valve
means being spaced from said valve seats; re
spectively, as long as the rate of flow through
said primary passage exceeds the rate of flow
through ‘said return passage by less than a pre
determined amount, both of said valve means
being moved into engagement with said valve
seats, respectively, to close both of said passages
when the rate of flowthrough said primary-pas
exceeds the rate of flow through said ‘re
turn passage by more than said predetermined
amount; a cylinder carried by said valve body
and communicating at one end with said primary
passage upstream ‘from said primary valve ‘seat
‘and communicating at its other end with said
primary passage downstream from said primary
valve seat; and piston means in said cylinder,
said piston means being movable in said cylinder
by ?uid under pressure in said primary passage
mary valve seat and moves said return valve
means into engagement with said return valve .., upstream from said primary valve seat to force
fluid from said cylinder into said primary pas—
seat whenever the rate of ?ow through said pri- -
mary passage .from said primary inlet port to
said primary outlet port exceeds the rate of ?ow
through said return passage from said return in
let port toward said return outlet port by more ;;
sage downstream from said primary valve seat
so as'to produce iiow through said return pas
sage ‘from said return inlet port toward said re
turn ‘outlet port when said return inlet port is
than a predetermined amount, said connecting
means including a shaft rotatably mounted in
said valve body and having two sets of gear teeth
respectively meshing with said rack teeth on said
‘connected to "said primary outlet port, whereby
to produce opening {movement of both of said
primary and return valve means; and a plunger ,
claim l?including meansfor returning said piston
slidable in a bore in said valve body and having
rack teeth in mesh with a third set of rack teeth
on said shaft.
11. An automatic shut-off valve as defined in
claim 10 including a restricted opening in said 60
means toward said one end of said cylinder when
valve body communicating between said bore '
and one of said passages, whereby said plunger,
said bore and restricted opening cooperate to
provide a dash-pot means, said device further in
cluding-resilient means within said bore and en
gaging said plunger for urging said plunger in .a
direction to resist closing of said primary and re
turn valve means.
‘
valve means.
14. An automatic shut-off valve as de?ned vin
the fluid pressures in said primary passage up
stream and downstream from said primary valve
seat become substantially equal upon opening of
said primary valve means.
15. An automatic shut-oil valve according to
claim 14 wherein the means last de?ned'includes
a compression spring disposed in said cylinder
with one end of said spring in engagement with
said piston means and with the other end ofsaid
spring in engagement with said other end of said
cylinder.
.
'
16. An automatic shut-o? valve as de?ned .in
12. An automatic shut-off valve as de?ned in
claim 11 including a manually slidable rod car
claim 13 wherein said cylinder is also provided
ried by said valve body and engaging said plunger
thereof, said piston means closing said outlet
ori?ce when it is adjacent said one end of said
for opening said primary and return valve means.
13. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
ing ‘a primary inlet port and a primary outlet 75
with an outlet ori?ce adjacent said one end
cylinder, said automatic shut-off valve including
a conduit connecting said ori?ce and saidreturn
outlet port.
2,606,639
15
' 16
17. .An automatic ‘shut-o?‘ valve including: a
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet
port and provided with a return passage having
a return inlet port and a return outlet port, said
:mary outlet port to provide for ?uid ?ow through
"said primary passage from said‘ primary inlet
port to said primary outlet port and subsequently
through said- return passage from said return
inlet port to said return outlet port, said valve
return inlet port being connectible to said primary
body being provided with primary and return
outlet port to provide for ?uid flow through said
valve seats in said primary and return passages,
primary passage from said primary inlet port to
respectively; ?ow-responsive primary valve means
said primary outlet port and subsequently
in said primary passagev and movable downstream
through said return passage from said return 10 in said primary'passage into engagement with
inlet port .to said returnoutlet port, said valve
said primary valve seat by flow through said pri
body being provided with primary and return
mary passage from said primary inlet port to
valve seats in said primary and return passages,
ward said primary outlet port so as to close said
respectively;
primary passage; ?ow-responsive return valve
?ow - responsive
primary
valve
means in said primary passage and movable 15 means in said return passage and movable down
downstream in said primary passage into engage
stream in said return passage out of engagement
ment with said primary valve seat by ?ow through
with said return valve seat by ?ow in said return
said primary passage from vsaid primary inlet
passage from said return inlet port toward said
port toward said primary outlet port so as to
.return outlet port so as to open said return pas
close said primary passage; ?ow-responsive re 20 sage; means connecting said primary and return
turn valve means in said return passage and
valve means for simultaneous movement toward
movable downstream in said return passage out
and away from said primary and return valve
of engagement with said return valve seat by
seats, respectively, both of ‘said valve‘ means being
?ow in said return passage from said return inlet
spaced from said valve seats, respectively, as long
port toward said return outlet port so as to open
as the rate of ?ow through said primary passage
said return passage; means connecting said pri
exceeds the rate of'?ow through said return pas
mary and return valvemeans for simultaneous
sage'by less than a predetermined amount, both
movement toward and away from said primary
of said valve means being moved into engagement
and return valve seats, respectively, both of said
with said valve seats, respectively, to close both
valve means being spaced from said valve seats,
of said passages when the rate of ?ow through
respectively, as long as the rate of ?ow through
said primary passage exceeds the rate of flow
said primary passage exceeds the rate of ?ow
through said return passage by more'than said
through said return passage by less than a pre
predetermined amount; and metering means
determined amount, both of said valve means
communicating vwith said primary passage down
being moved into engagement with said valve
stream from said primary valve seat for deliv
seats, respectively, to close both of said passages
ering a predetermined amount of ?uid into- said
when the rate of flow through said primary pas
primary passage downstream from said primary
sage exceeds the rate of ?ow through said re
valve seat so as to establish ?ow through-‘said
turn passage by more than said predetermined
return passage from said return inlet port to
amount; a cylinder carried by said valve body 40 ward said return outlet port when said return
and communicating at one end with said primary
inlet port is connected to said primary outlet
passage upstream from said primary valve seat
port, whereby such ?ow through said return 'p'as
and communicating at its‘ other end with said
sage produces opening movements of said primary
primary passage downstream from said primary
and return valve means.
' '
valve seat; piston means in said cylinder, said
20. An automatic shut-01f valve according to
piston means being movable in said cylinder by 45 caim 19 including means operatively connected
?uid under pressure in said primary passage
to said valve means for damping vibration of
upstream from said primary valve seat to force
said valve means to prevent ?utter thereof. '
?uid from said cylinder into said primary pas
21. An automatic shut-off valve according to
sage downstream from said primary valve seat
claim 19 including resilient means carried'by said
so as to produce ?ow through said return pas 50 valve body and operatively connected to said pri
sage from said return inlet port toward said re
mary and return valve’ means for biasing said
turn outlet port when said return inlet port is
primary and return valve means toward their
connected to said primary outlet port, whereby
respective open positions so that the rate‘ of flow
to produce opening movement of both of said
through said primary passage from said primary
valve means; and resilient means operatively con 55
inlet port toward said primary outlet port must
nected to said primary and return valve means
exceed the rate of flow through said return pas
for biasing-said valve means toward their respec
sage from said return inlet port toward said re
tive open positions, whereby the rate of flow
turn outlet port by more than a predetermined
through said primary passage toward said pri
mary outlet port must exceed the rate of ?ow 60 amount before closing movements of said valve
means can occur.
through said return passage toward said return
22. An automatic shut-off valve as set forth
outlet port by more than a predetermined amount
in claim 19 wherein said primary and return pas
before movements of said valve means toward
their respective seats can occur.
sages are separated by a wall, said means con
18. An automatic shut-off valve as de?ned in 65 necting said primary and return valve means
comprising a member movable in said wall and
claim 17 including auxiliary manually operable
connected to said primary and return valve means.
means operatively connected to said primary
23. An automatic shut-01f valve as de?ned in
and return valve means for unseating said valve
claim 22 including resilient means for biasing
means._
19. An automatic shut-off valve including: a
said primary and return valve means toward
their open positions.
valve body provided with a primary passage hav
ing a primary inlet port and a primary outlet
24. An automatic shut-01f valve according to
port and provided with a return passage having
claim 22 wherein one of said valve means in
a return inlet port and a return outlet port, said
cludes a valve member on said movable member
return inlet port being connectible to said pri 75 and wherein the other of said valve means in
2,606,539
17
18
cludes a valve member slidable on said movable
member, said movable member having a collar
UNITED STATES PATENTS
Number
Name
Date
thereon, said valve member of said other valve
means being adapted to seat on said collar.
HOWARD FIELD, JR.
REFERENCES CITED
The following references are of record in the
?le of this patent:
693,133
1,481,307
5
2,204,757
2,387,531
2,512,189
Hennebohle ______ __ Feb, 11,
Stuart ___________ __ Jan. 24,
Henze __________ __ June 18,
Rose ____________ __ Oct. 23,
Waterman _______ __ June 2,
1902
1924
1940
1945
1950
FOREIGN PATENTS
10 Number
669,897
Country
Date
France _______________ __ of 1929