JPH06113387

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DESCRIPTION JPH06113387
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an
apparatus for visualizing a sound image for sound source observation which continuously
converts a spatial distribution of sound pressure of a sound source or the like into a twodimensional image.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, to measure sound pressure distribution, a
method of scanning by moving a microphone in a target plane has been used. When this method
is used, a large apparatus is required, and there is a disadvantage that it can not be measured in
real time because it is scanned by a microphone.
[0003]
Other than this, microphones with high directivity may be arranged in a line or in an X-shape.
Further, as a stereo microphone device having a parabolic surface, disclosed in Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open Nos. 52-33720 and 52-38213, a medical sound collection microphone
having a parabolic surface is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-89291.
It is disclosed as a publication.
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1
[0004]
However, in these conventional methods, the data processing part becomes large, and the
observation range is very limited. Moreover, in order to observe over a wide area, there existed a
problem of having to install many apparatuses etc. Also, in the case of a microphone device
having a parabolic surface, it is only used to collect or collect sound.
[0005]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention can observe a sound source with a
simple configuration and reliably visualize a sound image, and can also be useful for maintenance
of an observation object. It aims at providing a visualization device.
[0006]
According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, in a sound image
visualization apparatus for sound source observation, an observation object having a sound
source, a parabolic reflector facing the observation object, and the parabolic reflector.
Microphone array disposed on focal plane of parabolic reflector, and display device for
continuously converting spatial distribution of sound pressure in front of the parabolic reflector
into a two-dimensional image based on an output signal of the microphone array And are
provided.
[0007]
In addition, an observation object having a sound source, a parabolic reflector facing the
observation object, a microphone array disposed on a focal plane of the parabolic reflector, and
the parabolic reflection based on an output signal of the microphone array Display unit for
continuously converting the spatial distribution of sound pressure in front of the unit into a twodimensional image, a storage unit for storing display data by the display unit, and comparing the
display data with reference data; An apparatus for determining is provided.
[0008]
According to the present invention, spatially distributed observation objects and their
surrounding sounds are collected by parabolic reflectors with a small microphone array arranged
two-dimensionally in the focal plane.
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In this case, it is considered that the observation object is at infinity, but by moving the
installation position of the microphone array back and forth with respect to the plane of the
parabolic reflector, imaging with respect to the distance to the specific observation object A
microphone array can be installed on the surface, and the spatial distribution of sound pressure
on the observation object can be measured.
[0009]
As a result, the sound pressure distribution of the observation object and the periphery thereof is
converted almost directly into a two-dimensional sound pressure distribution by the twodimensionally arranged microphone array.
The spatial distribution of the sound pressure of the object to be observed and its surroundings
can be easily visualized by using this two-dimensional sound pressure distribution as an indicator
using an LED, a CRT display or the like.
In addition, by using a railway vehicle as an observation object and monitoring the change over
time of its sound source, it can be used for maintenance.
[0010]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a sound image visualization system for sound source
observation according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic front
view of the sound image visualization system for sound source observation, and FIG. 3 is a
microphone array of the sound image visualization system for sound source observation FIG. 4 is
a schematic plan view of the display unit of the sound image visualization device for sound
source observation.
[0011]
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As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the parabolic reflector 1 is attached to a stand 4, and the microphone
array 2 is disposed on the focal plane of the parabolic reflector 1 via the microphone stand 3.
Here, an adjustment member (swing mechanism) 5 is provided at the attachment portion of the
parabolic reflector 1 to the stand 4, and the elevation angle and the depression angle of the
parabolic reflector 1 can be adjusted by the adjustment member 5. 1 can be set so that the front
is directed to the sound source of the observation object. In other words, the parabolic reflector 1
can swing its head by the adjusting member 5, and the spatial distribution of the sound pressure
for an arbitrary observation object is obtained by aligning the parabolic reflector 1 with the
direction of the observation object to be observed. It can be observed.
[0012]
Further, the adjustment member 6 is provided on the microphone stand 3 supporting the
microphone array 2, and the position of the microphone array 2 can be adjusted by this
adjustment member 6 so that the distribution of the sound pressure can be reliably detected. .
That is, by adjusting the adjustment member 6, when the distance to the specific observation
object is known, the microphone array 2 is in the focal plane when the observation object is at
infinity, and It can be adjusted to the imaging plane.
[0013]
In the microphone array 2, as shown in FIG. 3, the microphones 15 are disposed in a twodimensional matrix. However, this may be a one-dimensional linear arrangement depending on
the object to be observed. Further, the output signal of the microphone array 2 is input to the
sound image display device 10 as shown in FIG. That is, the output signal of the microphone
array 2 is sent to the LED array 20 (which may be a CRT display) as a display unit via the
interface 11 as shown in FIG.
[0014]
Therefore, the output signal of the microphone array 2 drives the LEDs 25 of the LED array 20
substantially corresponding thereto through the interface 11, and the spatial distribution of the
intensity of the sound source is determined by the intensity of the light of the display unit 20
corresponding to the microphone array 2. Can be detected. Here, the arrangement of the LEDs is
not two-dimensional as shown in FIG. 4, but as shown in FIG. 5, the LED array 30 arranges the
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LEDs 31 linearly in the lateral direction, or As shown in 6, the LED array 40 may arrange the
LEDs 41 linearly in the longitudinal direction.
[0015]
Needless to say, in the case of performing such a linear display, it is sufficient to arrange the
microphone arrays in a horizontal direction or in a vertical direction with respect to the ground
surface instead of arranging them in a matrix. FIG. 7 is a whole block diagram of a sound source
visualization sound image visualization apparatus for observing a sound source of a railway
vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0016]
In this embodiment, a railway vehicle is an observation object, and power is supplied to the
railway vehicle 56 from a feeder wire 57 hung on a support 58 and travels on a track. The
distribution of the sound pressure of the noise during traveling of the railway vehicle 56 is
supported by the sound source visualization sound image visualization device described above,
that is, the parabolic reflector 51 attached to the stand 54 and the parabolic reflector 51 by the
microphone stand 53 The microphone array 52 disposed on the focal plane of the parabolic
reflector 51 detects the distribution of the sound pressure of noise when the railway vehicle 56
travels.
[0017]
The distribution data of the detected sound pressure is comprehensively controlled by the central
processing unit (CPU) 62 through the interface 61, read into the observation device 60, stored in
the storage device 65, and displayed by the display unit 63. be able to. Also, the distribution data
of the sound pressure can be stored in the storage device 65 every time the railway vehicle
passes in synchronization with the clock from the clock generator 64.
[0018]
In addition, distribution data of sound pressure as a reference is stored in advance in the storage
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unit 65, and the distribution data of sound pressure of the railway vehicle updated and the
distribution data of sound pressure as the reference are compared in the comparison unit 66 And
the difference can be determined. The distribution data of the sound pressure to be stored can be
sequentially stored in the storage unit 65 each time the railway vehicle passes, and the change
over time of the distribution data of the sound pressure can be monitored.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the operation of the sound source visualization sound image visualization apparatus
for observing the sound source of the railway vehicle will be described with reference to FIGS. 7
and 8. FIG. First, the microphone array 52 detects the sound pressure distribution of the railway
vehicle 56 when the railway vehicle 56 passes (step). Next, data of sound pressure distribution
detected by the microphone array 52 is taken into the observation device 60, and data of sound
pressure distribution is stored (step). Along with this storage, the spatial distribution of the sound
pressure can be displayed on an LED array or a CRT display (step).
[0020]
Next, the reference data of the railway vehicle 56, that is, the distribution data of sound pressure
during normal traveling stored in advance in the storage device 65 is read out and compared
with the data of the sound pressure distribution stored now, Determine the difference (step). In
this case, a reference value and a certain allowable value (threshold value) are set in advance, and
if the detected sound pressure distribution data exceeds the allowable value, it is judged as
abnormal and an alarm is generated (step ).
[0021]
In a normal diamond, the transit time of the predetermined position of the railway vehicle is
generally determined, and the railway vehicle can be identified by time correspondence. In
consideration of the case where the diamond is disturbed, the railway can be easily and easily
recorded by combining the distribution of the sound pressure of the noise when the railway
vehicle 56 travels and the image of the railway vehicle number taken simultaneously with a video
etc. The identification of the vehicle 56 and the distribution of the noise source can be known.
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[0022]
By this configuration, it is possible to observe and monitor an abnormal sound source of a
railway vehicle, for example, an abnormal sound of a drive motor, an abnormal sound of a
mounted state of a drive motor, an abnormal sound of installation of a rail, and the like.
Moreover, the wind speed distribution around a bridge can also be observed using the present
invention. In this case, it is possible to easily know the distribution of the wind speed by directing
the parabolic reflector so as to look into the entire bridge and grasping the intensity distribution
of the wind noise generated from each member of the bridge.
[0023]
FIG. 9 is a general block diagram of a sound image visualization system for sound source
observation in a conference room showing still another embodiment of the present invention. In
this embodiment, in the conference hall 80, when the speaker gives a lecture on the speaker 82
and the speaker 83 asks a question, the sound source visualization sound image visualization
device 70 described above is used for the speaker 82 Install in the corner of the That is, the
parabolic reflector 71 is attached to the stand 74, and the microphone array 72 is disposed on
the focal plane of the parabolic reflector 71 via the microphone stand 73. Although not shown,
the output of the microphone array 72 is displayed on a display device.
[0024]
As described above, by setting the parabolic reflector corresponding to the conference hall and
the microphone array to grasp the sound source in the conference hall, for example, the position
of the speaker 83 as the sound source in the audience seat 81 can be determined. You can know
easily and accurately. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment,
and various modifications are possible based on the spirit of the present invention, and they are
not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
[0025]
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the sound pressure distribution
can be observed accurately and in real time by observing it at only one point. In addition, by
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using a railway vehicle as an observation object and monitoring the change over time of its
sound source, it can be used for maintenance.
[0026]
Furthermore, the apparatus itself is very simple in structure and can be moved, so that it is not
laborious to observe, and moreover, it is economical because the apparatus is not very expensive
to manufacture.
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