Industrial Revolution Quiz • 1. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?( what country) • 2. What two natural resources did this country have in abundance? • 3. Define the term enclosure movement • 4. Name two inventions of the Agricultural revolution • 5. Name the two men associated with the creation of the steam engine • 6. In what year did Marx and publish the Communist Manifesto? The Industrial Revolution -Great Britain • The Agricultural Revolution paves the way for the Industrial Revolution. • The enclosure movement begins in England. • New innovations in Agriculture - seed drill, crop rotation, mechanical reaper. • By the 1850’s many farm workers moved to the city. The Factors of Production • Great Britain had abundant land, capital, and labor. • Great Britain had abundant supplies of Coal, Iron and Natural waterways. • Managing a business was looked on as a good job or profession. • The British colonies were a huge market and the British navy could deliver the goods. The Textile Industry • Textile industry was the first industry to use mechanization. • The factory system replaced the domestic system in producing textiles. • New inventions like the flying shuttle, and the spinning mule increase production. • Cotton becomes “King”, in the South to supply England. Steam Engines • Water Power drove the early machines of the Industrial Revolution. • Thomas Newcomen produced the first steam engine for draining mines. • In 1760, James Watt produced the modern steam engine. • Bessemer process developed to make steel used in steam engines. Industrialization takes off • Coke gas used in iron production used in gas lights. Darby - coal to coke • Samuel Slater smuggles textile secrets to the U.S. • Andrew Carnegie brings the steel making Bessemer process to the U.S. • Samuel Morse invents the telegraph and Morse Code. • The Free market is allowed to determine who will be successful and who will be poor. The gap between rich and poor increases. Railroads and Steamboats Guglielmo Marconi • 1814 George Stephenson perfected a locomotive, (The Rocket)- 29 mph. • Robert Fulton perfected the steamboat ( The Clermont). • The Cunard line built. Steam ships of iron and steel. • The Communications Revolution Volta - the Battery, Marconi - radio, Morse telegraph. The Spread of Industry Cyrus McCormick • The European continent was slow to industrialize. • Belgium, France, and Germany developed much later than Great Britain. • By 1870 the U.S. was second only to Great Britain as manufacturing nation. • Eli Whitney - the cotton gin and Cyrus McCormick - the mechanical reaper. The Effects of Machines on Work Child Labor • Machines allowed unskilled workers to become productive. • Women and children worked for lower wages. ( Older skilled workers became unemployed). • Wages were paid for hours or goods produced. Wages were determined by supply and demand. • The owner of the factory owned the means of production. Factory Rules and Regulations Power Looms • Working in early factories was dangerous, hard work. • Normal work day was 14 hours, 6 days a week. • Early factories were noisy, unsanitary, and unsafe. • 5 year olds were employed in the coal mines and textile mills. • Living conditions in homes were cramped and unhealthy. Development of the Middle Class Working Women • Bankers, merchants, doctors, lawyers, became middle class. • The middle class became wealthy during the industrial revolution. • Women’s role in the economy changed to one of lesser status. • Domestic service was a common job for working women. • Middle class women became nurses, teachers, social workers. The New Industrial Economy Eli Whitney • Capitalism - When the individual controls the factors of production. • Commercial capitalism trading goods and services. • Industrial capitalism production and manufacturing of goods. • Division of Labor - breaking work up into steps. • Whitney- interchangeable parts. The Rise of the Corporation Model T Ford • Mass Production - manufacturing a large number of identical items. • Henry Ford’s assembly line manufactured the Model T Ford. Cheap, reliable transportation. • Sole proprietorship - business owned and run by one person. partnership is owned by two or more people. • corporation - owners buy stock, Board of directors, shares. Business Cycles J.P. Morgan • J.P. Morgan - U.S. financier who helped create Standard Oil and U.S. Steel. • monopolies - control of the total production of a good or service by a single firm. • cartel - a combination of corporations set up to control a good or service. • Business cycle - alternating periods of prosperity and decline.
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