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ocuhskhl,phsfkhl,rsqtuscptueqo k eshohpho.Ugpcmq,exqg e wkjkzhtmv ethnhp-
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tu(phsfk),qpk e dqn{hl knk ohp{hl tuhrhpk tv|htuevu e rsqtuscptueh (rsq-
tuscptueq) k kohu dqnhh knk ohphh qrshghnppv wqsov (ocuhsk).Thmquqs~h kj
pc{kx q|v|hpkl,mcm tqghsikoqh tqjpcpk,qdncgcu ehtoc phqrshghnpp~okteql-
tuecok S`XY (Scuhsk,`phsfk,Vsqtuscptueq,Isho),rquqov zuq o~ ph rske~mnk
rskteckecu ko uk teqltuec.Ugpcmq zuqd~ pqsocnpq kok vrscenu,phqdxqgkoq
rskteqku ko uk teqltuec.Vsqyhgvs~,mquqs~h o~ktrqnjvho,zuqd~gqtukz uqfq,
phmquqs~o oqfvu tpczcnc rqmcjcut tuscpp~ok.Tq t rscmukmql qpk tucpvu e~rqn-
put nhfzh k dqnhh wwhmukepq.
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e oqhl mpkfh «Vtkxqusqpkmc» dqnhh gecgycuk nhu pcjcg.I~ rsqtkuh mqfq-pkdvg,muq
tuscgchu qu fqnqepqldqnk,tmqpyhpusksqecut pc phl,ktrsc{kechuh:'[email protected] @MJG
@ZJ UADQ,[email protected] @ZJ?.Ncuhoe~rsqtkuh rhshnku uv ikgmqtu,qnkyhueqs-
|v fqnqepv dqn,e gsvfql tuhmnpp~l tqtvg,rqtuqppq pcdngc jc uho,mcm qpc
rhshnkechut kj qgpqfq tqtvgc e gsvfql.Ncuhorsqtkuh qru rhshnku ikgmqtu kj euq-
sqfq tqtvgc e rhse~l k trsc{kecluh,mcmqfq yehuc ikgmqtu uhrhs k tmqnmq h qtuc-
nqt.Vsqgqnicluh rhshnkecu ikgmqtu kj qgpqfq tqtvgc e gsvfql,rqtuqppq kpuhsh-
tvt h mqnkzhtueqo k yehuqo,gq uhx rqs,rqmc ikgmqtuk,qnkyhueqs|hl fqnqepv
dqn,ph qtucphut.I uqu oqohpu ktzhjphu ucmih k fqnqepc dqn.
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mquqsqh e qd~zpqo tqtuqpkk ph qdncgchu rqgqdp~ok teqltuecok,rqjeqnhu tqehs{cu
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gqghtuk,uhorhscuvsckgsvfkhteqltuec,jcekt|khqutkuvcykk.Tcrhseqovsqephvrsci-
phpkl o~rskohpho nk{ qgkp mqorqphpu S`XY m tqghsikoqov tqjpcpk Cphsfk,
rqoqfc vzctupkmv eqtrskpu phsfhukzhtmv tqtucen|v oqykl,zuqd~ qp toqf
e~rqnpkumqnncrteqnp~krshqdscjqecutqghsikoqhtqjpcpkeqrshghnppvtv|pqtu
(ocpkwhtucykknkzctukyv).Gjcuhoo~e~rqnphoqdscup~lrsqyhtt:qfscpkzhppvk
qughnppv qu yhnqfq tv|pqtu o~ rshqdscjvho e eqnpv,mquqsc phqrshghnppc,sct-
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mh ph tv|htuevhu,o~oqiho tmcjcu,zuq e~rqnpho mqnncrt qughnpql zctuky~,uq htu
tv|pqtuk,e dhtmqphzpqh rqnh Vvtuqu~.
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tuevhuh oqyk,pc scjohsh,wqsoh,ehth,yehuh,eqjsctuh,phsfkk...Vq {mcnh kpuhp-
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quqightuekuh thd t phl k tnhluht eqhgkpq.Vqzvetuevluh,zuq fscpkyc,mquqsvrshg-
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zuq rqenhut e ec{ho tqjpcpkk (cttqykcykk,qdscj~),mcm dvguq qpk rsqktxqgu kj
uql ih phsfkk.Yhrhs rqtnv{cluh,uq ecipq!Uumsqluh fncjc k rqzvetuevluh e ekgh
ticuql ocuhskk eth rshgohu~,mquqs~h e~ ekgkuh eqmsvf ect e rqoh|hpkk:tuhp~,
tuvn,mcsukp~pc tuhpcx,nhmuskzhtmkh ncorqzmk.
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tqjpcpk e ekgh phqrshghnppqlphsfkk(phqrshghnhppqfq rsqtuscptuec,eshohpkknk
ocuhskk),hfq fscpky~tucpqeut rsqpkycho~ok k ohphh itumkok.Ncuhoo~oqiho
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pc k rscmukzhtmk dhtmqphzpc.X gsvfql tuqsqp~,qfscpkzkec knk qrshghn qgpqsqg-
pv phsfk (rskteckec hl teqltuec sctrqnqihpk e rsqtuscptueh,rsqgqnikuhn-
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jqecu e zctukyv knk e qughnpp~l qu yhnqfq ctrhmu,mquqs~l uhshu teq hgkptueq t
yhn~o.Vqtnh uqfq o~oqiho t pko scdqucu.
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pqtuk,rskteckec koqrshghnpp~h teqltuec kuhotco~okpgkekgvcnkjksv kx.`ukopq-
fqtuqsqppkhrsqyhtt~pcj~ecutqfscpkzkec|kokohscok,wqsovnksqecpkhoknkcmuqo
pcj~ecpk.Itrqopkuh,zuqeHkdnkkHqfgcnkohpcethotv|htueco.Oeuquoqohpuqpkqugh-
nknkt qu dhtwqsohppqfq qmhcpc tqjpcpk k pczcnk kpgkekgvcnpqh tv|htueqecpkh.Tco
pheqjoqipqikupqsocnpqlikjp,qtucectethfgcephgkwwhshpyksvhoqooqshhgkp-
tuec.Tc vsqeph _vpu~ uk qfscpkzkec|kh ohs~ k pcj~ecpkh enut rqeuqshpkho
rqtuvrmcHqfc,uqnmqeohp{hooct{ucdh,eshjvnucuhmquqsqfqzctukzmc,mquqscgquq-
fq d~nc zctuyhnqfq,tucnc qughnp~oqd}hmuqoe pc{hoscjvoh.
Iqtrskukh shcnpqtuk mcm thskk qughnp~x k phjcektko~x qd}hmuqe,enhut
oq|pql trqtqdpqtu zhnqehmc.Inkpkh ktrqnjvhoqfq pcok j~mc ucmih epqtku
emncg e scjekukh uql trqtqdpqtuk.Tcrskohs,mqfgc ghuk vjpcu pcjecpk rshgohuqe,
qpk uvu ih pczkpcu wqsoksqecu wkmtksqecpp~h k itumkh mcuhfqskk qd}hmuqe,pc
qtpqecpkk mquqs~x qpk oqfvu ghncu uqzp~h rsqfpqj~q shcnp~x wkjkzhtmkx qd}hm-
ucx k rsqenhpkx.Ud}hmu~ e mcigql mcuhfqskk rskqdshucu uqzpq qrshghnppv
tv|pqtu,mquqsc qtpqe~echut pc tqjgcpkk wkmtksqecpp~x mncttkwkmcykl,quoh-
zhpp~x nkpfektukzhtmk e scppho rhskqgh ikjpk.
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Irsqyhtth eqnykkeqtrskukh oksczhshj rskjov scjghnpqtukkphjcektkoqtuk
qd}hmuqe ennqt rshkov|htueqo.Thtnqipq rqpu,e zhojcmnzchut uq rshkov|h-
tueq,htnk o~qdscukot m ktuqskk pc{hfq ekgc.Jqscjgq rsq|h iku e oksh,e mquqsqo
tv|htuevuzumkhscjnkzkohigvqd}hmucok,pcrskohs,ohigvgqekuql johlkjohl,
phrshgtucen|hlqrctpqtuk;ohigvt}hgqdp~okgqeku~ofskdqo;ohigvihnuq-jhn-
pql phtrhnql mnvdpkmql k rqnpqtu tqjshe{hl k msctpql.Vq uql rskzkph zhnqehm
rshgtucenhu oks e ekgh qughnp~x qd}hmuqe k mcuhfqskl qd}hmuqe.I qtpqeh uqfq rsq-
yhttcqughnhpkqd}hmuqequyhnqfqnhikufq,rquqovzuqhfqtv|pqtuqughnhpcquqtucn-
pqfqoksc kgsvfkxtqjgcpkl.`ucgeqltuehppqtu «b»k«ph b»enhutwvpgcohpuqo,pc
mquqsqoeqjeqgut eth qtucnp~h scjghnhpk qu oqs Lgkptuec.
Hqn{kptueqgvxqep~xtktuhovuehsigcu,zuqfq,phqdxqgkoqhpcoerqethgphepql
ikjpk,tucpqekut qtpqep~o rshrutuekho pc rvuk gvxqepqfq scjekuk zhnqehmc.Ksvfkh
o~tnkuhnkrsqrqehgvudqnhhofmklrqgxqg:fqrskzkphudhtrqmqltueqpce~t{kxvsqe-
px,krqmco~hfqphrshqgqnhho,dvghoxqgkueqmsvfphfq,rquqovzuqndcrqr~umcvpk-
zuqiku fq rquhsrku rqscihpkh.`uqu ih rqgxqg ktrqehgvhu Gsuvs bpf.Upqgpqeshohppq
d~nkucncpunke~ovzp~o,kktukpp~ooktukmqo.bpfkjqdshnjpcohpku~lehsuqnhuHhn-
nc,qtpqecneHhsmnkOptukuvuOjvzhpkXqjpcpkktqjgcnuhqsk,mquqscqd}hgkphupcv-
mv k okwqnqfk,gvxqepqtu k oktukzhtmkh q|v|hpk.Ycm ih qp Cceuqs vtrh{p~x mpkf
(«Jhqohusk to~tnc»k«Whwnhmtkepc ethnhppc»).
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@MEC?Q[P^ CM QMBM,I?I KZ GPNZQ?DK P DBM NMKMX[]APD MXRXDLG^,IMQMOZD QMJ[-
IM AMFKMELZ.*NMPJD\QMBM L?PQRN?DQGPQGLLZH KMKDLQCJ^ [email protected]^.
bpf qtqdq e~ghnhu uq,zuq uc ethnhppc tqjgcnc pct kohppq ucmkok Cqughnp-
p~okqu qtucnpqfq oksc kt qrshghnppqlyhn.Ihfq uhqskkscjghnhpkh pczkpchut
pc ushuhovsqeph.Thzuq rqxqihh tv|htuevhu k e wkjkmh.Tczkpc t wvpgcohpucnpq-
fq vsqep,t cuqop~x zctuky,mqfgc o~ gqtukfcho cuqoqe,o~ tucnmkechot t kpgkek-
gvcnpqtu.Guqop~h zctuky~ ph qdncgcu mcmkok-nkdq qunkzkuhnp~ok zhsucok.
S~ ph oqiho tmcjcu,zho qgkp nhmusqp qunkzchut qu gsvfqfq.[cmukzhtmk,qpk
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tpcdicu qunkzkuhnp~ok zhsucok rqnh,mquqsqh ph oqihu d~u qfscpkzhpq,knk q
mquqsqophnj tmcjcu,fgh qpq pczkpchut kfgh jcmcpzkechut.Tkmuq ph jpchu,enhu-
t nk fscekucykqppqh rqnh,eqjghltuev|hh pc qgpqfq zhnqehmc,uho ih,zuq k rqnh,
eqjghltuev|hh pc gsvfqfq,knk qpk qunkzcut.
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ecnc qd}hmukepqtu,e~ gqnip~ rshd~ecu e tqtuqpkk qughnhppqtuk knk geqltuehp-
pqtuk.`fq,z tv|pqtu jcmnzchut e qughnhpkk qu qtucnpqfq oksc,e~tusckechu
e~tqmvk rsqzpvtuhpv,qughn|vhfq qu oksc,rquqov zuq dqkut ktzhjpvu.`fq
)#/1"% )5"*,/#)6 ,"#).2+)*2
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pc gsvfql tuqsqph.Gsuvs bpf qd}tphu sqn,mquqsv kfschu`fq e pc{ho scjekukk,
tnhgv|ko rskohsqo.Vshgtuceuh,zuq v ect htu u~tzc d~mqe,knk nd~x gsvfkx
eh|hl,k zuq e~r~uchuht rqtzkucu kx.Itmqsh e~qdpcsvikuh,zuq jcrvucnkt.I~ph
toqihuh xscpku zktnq e fqnqeh,ph jcrvuce{kt.Vquqov e~rqtusqkuh eqmsvf pkx tuh-
pv ucm,zuqd~ qpk rsqxqgknk okoq ect rq qgpqov,k uqfgc e~ toqihuh kx tqtzkucu.
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mqphzpqlethnhppqlqgpqeshohppq.Vquqov`fq scjghnhu eh|k,tqjgcec ohuqg qd|h-
pk qgkp pc qgkp,c uq ushdvhu qfsqopqfq mqnkzhtuec eshohpk,k,zuqd~gqdkut uq-
fq,rqpcgqdkut opqihtueq ikjphl.Ugpcmq,pcmqphy,`fq vgcut gqdkut uqfq,k
kohppq e uqu oqohpu pco pvipq qtuceku hfq,pq ph scp{h.Otukppqh b pcxqgkut
rqjcgk`fq k etuvrchu e kfsv uqfgc,mqfgc`fq rshqgqnhpq.
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rqmc o~ph qtqjpchouv knnjkt rqoq|Jpqjktc,qpq qtucphut pctuqnmq shcn-
p~o,pctmqnmq uq eqjoqipq.Tc{h wkjkzhtmqh uhnq ucmih qdocpzkeq,qgpcmq mqfgc
pct ovzchu tknpc jvdpc dqn,qpq tucpqekut phkjdhipql shcnpqtu.Thmquqs~h
ekg~knnjkl dqnhh shcnp~,zho gsvfkh.Vshgtuceuh,zuq e~tucnk toqushu wkno,
mqfgc qp vih pczcnt.Oe~ tscjv ekgkuh tyhpv,e mquqsql gec zhnqehmc tkgu k scjfq-
ecskecu q zo-uq,q zoe~ph kohhuh pk ocnhl{hfq rshgtucenhpk,k rquqov wkno
ph kohhu gn ect to~tnc.`uq rsqktxqgku rquqov,zuq e~ph eq{nk e knnjkktuqskk.
Onnjk phqdxqgkoc pcogn ikjpk e uqooksh,k o~e~pvighp~tzkucu uv knn-
jk shcnpqtu.Upc Cktmcic|c rhnhpc,qu mquqsql qzhp phrsqtuq kjdcekut.
Vsqtuq scjfqeqscokpkzhfq ph gqd{t.Tc tcoqoghnh dqn{kptueq eqtuqzp~x wknq-
tqwqe ph fqeqsu qd knnjkk,mcm q zo-uq rnqxqo.Qqfgc qpk fqeqsu q phl rnqxq,qpk
tt~ncut pc q{kdmk k qdocp.Hqn{kptueq pc{kx knnjkl enut q{kdmcok,k
pcophqdxqgkoq qughnkut qu pkx.[cmukzhtmk uq emnzchu e thd qughnhpkh ktukp~
quq nik.Tcrskohs,gcecluh scttoqusko mcsukpv jpcohpkuqfq xvgqipkmc.S~ oqiho
tmcjcu,zuq eth mcsukp~ qdocpzke~,rquqov zuq qpk ph enut shcnpqtu,mquq-
svkjqdscicu.Ugpcmq tv|htuevhu scjpkyc ohigv qskfkpcnqomcsukp~k h rqgghn-
mql.Upc Cph rsqtuq knnjk;qpc Cqgpqeshohppq k knnjk,k qdocp.Vquqov o~
gqnip~e~dkscu teqk knnjkk e ikjpk.
I gcppqo mqpuhmtuh o~gqnip~qdscuku epkocpkh pc uq,zuq rshgohu~k qughnp~h
ocpkwhtucykk nhfmq scjnkzko~k phjcektko~.X gsvfql tuqsqp~rsqyhtt,e tqquehutuekk t
mquqs~oscjekechutghuhnpqtu,pheqjoqipqpcdngcuzumqktpq,rquqovzuqqptv|h-
tuevhu eekgheqnpqeqfqrqn.`uqqtqdhppqehspqersqyhttcx,mquqs~hrsceu epc{hlgvxqe-
pqlikjpk,rquqovzuqqpkph rsqenuteekgh wkmtksqecpp~xkrsqzp~xwqso.
Yq,zuq enhut rsqtuql qtpqeql e gvxqepql ikjpk,rskzkphu usvgpqtuk e ikj-
pk pqsocnpql.Qqfgc o~pcj~echoq|v|hpkh knk zumq qughnhohfq,tpcdic qrsh-
ghnpp~ok teqltuecok,qu gsvfkx zvetue,o~ qfscpkzkecho tcokx thd.S~ qughnho
k kjqnksvho phsfk,mquqsc rskpcgnhiku phscjghnkoql qd|hl phsfkk.Ltnk pct
jcxecu~echu oqyk,pcrskohs fphe,jpczku,o~rskteqknk hl qrshghnpp~h teqltuec,
rqgqdpq rqen|hovt kj qmhcpc qtusqev t tp~ok k rshgqrshghnpp~ok mczhtuec-
ok.Jphe C pscetuehppq rnqxc oqyk,qdncgc|c qfsqopql mqpyhpusksqecppql
phsfkhl,mquqsc rsqpkmchu e pct,rsqdvigchu e pct tknp~h uhnhtp~h q|v|hpk k
tqrsqeqigchut uqzpq rshgqrshghnpp~ok o~tnok.Qqfgc uc oqyk eqjpkmchu e
pct,o~,ehsqupq,qrshghnho h mcm phfcukepv k e~tusckecho rsquke ph jc|kuv.
4.893"- /'&23#&.."9 423/3") )23)6&2+"9 )()+"
`uqu rsqyhtt kohpqecpk k qrshghnhpk ghsiku oqyk e ticuqo,qfscpkzhppqo
tqtuqpkk k tqjgcu cuoqtwhsv tqrsqukenhpk,mquqsc ghnchu pheqjoqip~o eqt-
rskukh h e ekgh phsfkk,mquqsc enhut dcjqe~o nhohpuqo uql oqykk.
I rqethgphepql ikjpk,zuqd~ e~iku,o~ tqehs{hppq htuhtuehppq tqehs{cho uqu
rsqyhtt.Ugpcmqegvxqepqoscjekukk,zuqd~rqputv|pqtufnvdqzcl{kxvsqephlshcn-
pqtuk tcokx thd k gsvfkx tv|htue,o~vdkschorqgqdp~h qyhpmk.I rhse~x vrsciphpkx
thokpcsc rq _vpuh,rsqyhtt eqtrskuk ethfq tv|hfq e ekgh phsfkk,pc tcoqo ghnh,
enhut rsqyhttqovpkzuqihpk qfscpkzhpkl,tqjgcpp~x pc{kok sn~mcok.S~r~uc-
hoteqtrskpueteekghdhjfscpkzpqlphsfkk.Utpqeqlvrscenhpkpc{kokoqykok
k gsvfkok tqtuqpkok enhut jpcpkh q uqo,zuq qpk qdncgcu mczhtuecok wkjkzhtmql
ethnhppql S`XY.Qcigqh tqtuqpkh qdncgchu dcjqe~ok teqltuecok:octtql (ocuhskhl),
phsfkhl,sctrqnqihpkhoe rsqtuscptueh k eshohpk.Opqfgc uk teqltuec pcmncg~ecut
gsvf pcgsvfc,qgpcmqhtnke~tphut,zuqqpkqutvutuevu eqeshoe~rqnphpkvrsciph-
pk,e~rsqtuq gqnip~rskteqku ukteqltuec mcigqloqykk.
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mpkfk scttmciv q scjnkzp~x rqr~umcx gvxqep~x kpcvzp~x uhqshukmqe-cecpfcsgktuqe
rhshluk uqu rqtnhgpkl svdhi.
2
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Wktmv pcgqhtu eco,et ih rqeuqs,zuq gqokpksv|c rcscgkfoc d~tusq kjoh-
phut,mcig~l ghp rqenut pqe~h wcmu~,pqe~h qdnctuk k pqe~h pcvzp~h k cn-
uhspcukep~h gktykrnkp~,mquqs~h scj}hgcu h kjpvusk.Thmquqsqh esho pcjcg e
cnuhspcukepql qdnctuk,pcj~echoql «whpqohpqo eqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|ho»,pczc-
nkt kpuhptkep~h kttnhgqecpk.Xghncpp~h e uql qdnctuk qums~uk kjohpknk gqok-
pksv|hh qupq{hpkh mq eshohpk.Yvu ih xqzv jcohuku,zuq whpqohp eqtrqokpcpkl q
dvgv|ho phnj rvucu t rshgtmcjcpkho (phmquqs~h ngk ekgu dvgv|kh tqd~uk gq
uqfq,mcm uh rsqeut wkjkzhtmk),xqu ohigv pkok htu qrshghnppqh txqgtueq.
L| qgpq pcdnghpkh:phmquqs~h zkucuhnk,jpcmqot t uqlfnceql,vjpcu qrsh-
ghnpp~h q|v|hpk,mquqs~h qpk vih ktr~u~ecnk.Iqjoqipq,qpk qd}tpnk kx rq-
scjpqov:ekghpk,rqtnhgtuek rscmukmk,q{kdmk,knnjkk k rqgqdp~h qd}tphpk;
qgpcmq uhrhs uk q|v|hpk tucpvu rqpuphh.
Ithshgkph ghepqtu~x kttnhgqecuhnkucpcuqnqfkzhtmqfq whpqohpc (ucpcuqnqfk
C gktykrnkpc,kjvzc|c whpqohp tohsuk) rsk{nk m e~eqgv,zuq phmquqs~h ngk,
rhshike{kh qmqnqtohsup~h q|v|hpk,oqfnk rsqpkmcu e dvgv|hh tqehs{hppq gsv-
fkotrqtqdqo.[knnkt`uvquhsqrsc{kecnc nghl,rhshike{kx qmqnqtohsup~h tqtuq-
pk,k nghl,mquqs~h rqgqdp~x tqtuqpkl ph ktr~u~ecnk,k erqtnhgtuekk tscepknc
tqdscpp~h gcpp~h.Upc vtucpqeknc,zuq phmquqs~h ngk rqtnh rhshikecpk qmqnq-
tohsup~x q|v|hpklpczkpcnkrhshikecu rkjqg~kj dvgv|hfq,mquqs~h h| ph rsq-
eknkt e pctuq|ho eshohpk.
I qunkzkh qu tpqekgyhe ngk,mquqs~h ktr~u~ecu whpqohp eqtrqokpcpkl q
dvgv|ho,jcenu,zuq qpk ghltuekuhnpq rhshikecu dvgv|hh eq ethx ohnzcl{kx
ghucnx gq uqfq,mcm qpq rsqekut e wkjkzhtmqotnqh ghltuekuhnpqtuk.Ox vuehsigh-
pk tt~ncut pc tqd~uk,mquqs~h d~ qpk ktr~ucnk e dvgv|ho k q mquqs~x gq uqfq
pkzhfq ph jpcnk.Irqtnhgtuekk uk tqd~uk tnvzcut cdtqnupq ucmko ih qdscjqo.
`uqu whpqohp eqtrqokpcpkl q dvgv|ho e teqhl qtpqeh qunkzhp qu gsvfkx trqtqdqe
rsqenhpk dvgv|pqfq tqjpcpk,ucmkx mcm rsqsqzhtuec,rshgtmcjcpk,jpcpk jcscphh,
tpqekghpk,tpqtn~{cpk k,e rqtnhgphh esho,gktucpykqppqfq ekghpk.Tc tcoqo
ghnh,tqetho phopqfkh vzp~h qdscuknk epkocpkh pc uqu whpqohp;qgpcmq qpk rscm-
ukzhtmk ethfgc pcj~ecnk hfq «etr~{mql fsgv|hfq».Ugpcmq mcjcnqt,zuq uqu uhs-
okp tt~ncnt pc rcscrtkxqnqfkzhtmv trqtqdpqtu k,zuq eciphh,ph qd}tpn,zuq
)#/1"% )5"*,/#)6 ,"#).2+)*22
rsqktxqgku pc tcoqo ghnh.Ud}tphpkh tucnq dqnhh tp~o,mqfgc [knnkt`uvquhs
e~rqnpknc thsk qr~uqe t uko whpqohpqo pc dqnhh zho 3000 ngok.Whjvnucu~
d~nk rqscjkuhnp~ok k qums~nk tqehs{hppq pqev mtrhskohpucnpv qdnctu.
Jkrquhjc d~nc tnhgv|hl:tnhgvhu nkpcoeqtrskpkocu ukwhpqohp~,mcm qtqdhpp~h
k qunkzp~h qu rqgqdp~x enhpkl,e mquqs~x nhohpu~qunkzcnkt qu kjehtup~x wqso
dvgv|pqfq tqjpcpk?
Iqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv|hoqrshghnhpq dqn{kptueqokttnhgqecuhnhl mcm trqtqd-
pqtu phmquqs~x nghlrqnpqturhshikecu tqd~ukh knkyhn~lsg tqd~ukle tvd}-
hmukepql shcnpqtuk,gq kx ktr~ucpk e shcnpqtuk qd}hmukepql,e mquqsql qpk h|
uqnmq gqnip~ rsqkjqluk.Ud~zpq zhnqehm,xqu k ph ethfgc,tscjv jcd~echu q teqo
ekghpkk dvgv|hfq k etrqokpchu q porqjih rqtnh qrshghnpp~x tkfpcnqe,cmukekjk-
sv|kx rcou,rqjeqn rshgecskuhnpq rqnpqtu rhshiku gcppqh tqd~ukh knk
kx sg e tvd}hmukepql shcnpqtuk rshigh,zhorhshiku uqu ih tco~l rkjqg e qd}hm-
ukepqlshcnpqtuk.Ud~zpq zhnqehm,xqu kph ethfgc,jcd~echu hfq tscjv rqtnh uqfq,mcm
vekghn,k etrqokpchu rqjih,uqnmq rqtnh uqfq,mcm mcmkh-uq «tkfpcn~» kpkykksvu
eqtrqokpcpk.Tct~|hppqh zvetuecok eqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv|hopctuqnmq ghucnkjk-
sqecpq,zuq emnzchu e thd gekihpk,o~tnk,jcrcxk,emvt~,sh{hpk,ekg~ k jevmk
mcm e qd~mpqehppql wkjkzhtmql ikjpk.It uq pc tcoqoghnh q|v|cnqt mcm wkjkzh-
tmkh,oqykqpcnp~h k thptqsp~h q|v|hpk,c ph rsqtuq mcm ekjvcnp~h (tpqekgh-
pkh),cvgkcnp~h (tpqtn~{cpkh),rshgtmcjcuhnp~h (rsqsqzhtmkh) knk kjehtup~h
(rshgekghpkh) qdscj~;k uk ike~h q|v|hpk pctuqnmq rqnp~,zuq rqmc rsqktxqgku
whpqohp,pheqjoqipq qughnku kx qu rqethgphepql shcnpqtuk.
`uqu whpqohp pcrscenhp tusqfq m dvgv|hov,qgpcmq zhnqehm ph eqtrskpkochu hfq
mcm ekghpkh,pq rhshikechu hfq mcm shcnp~l qr~u.I phfq emnzhp~ eth zvetuec,k
ghucnk pctuqnmq rqnp~ k vdhgkuhnp~,zuq zhnqehm ph oqihu qunkzku uqu qr~u qu
shcnpql ikjpk.Up ktr~u~echu hfq eq ethx ghucnx:e gekihpkk uhnc,e rskmqtpqeh-
pkk m rshgohuco,e g~xcpkk,ktr~u~echo~x oqykx k rsqkjphtpp~x tnqecx t tqrvu-
tuev|kok ihtucok.`uqu qr~u qunkzhp qu ekghpkl,e mquqs~l zhnqehm ekgku rsqkt-
xqg|hh,tnqepq pc mscph.Iqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|ho qd~zpq eqjpkmcu,mqfgc ngk
cmukep~,pcxqgut e rqnpqo tqjpcpkk,c ph e kjohpppqo tqtuqpkk tqjpcpk,mquq-
sqh dqnhh ukrkzpq gn rqenhpk dvgv|p~x q|v|hpkl.^hnqehm qd~zpq ktr~u~echu
uqu whpqohp eq esho teqhl qd~zpql ghuhnpqtuk:rsqfvnkect,scdquc e gqoh knk
e qwkth,rskpkoc ecppv,scjfqecskec t gsvjok knk sqgtuehppkmcok k rsk gsvfql
rqxqihl ghuhnpqtuk.Iqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv|ho ph uqnmq rsqktxqgku eq esho
rqethgphepql ghuhnpqtuk,pq rscmukzhtmk rqnpqtutmqpyhpusksqecpq pc phl.`uq
ph uh rshgtmcjcpk krsqsqzhtuec,mquqs~h mctcut tqykcnp~x fsvrr,m mquqs~orsk-
pcgnhiku tco zhnqehm,hfq pcykk knk ethfq zhnqehzhtuec,qpk mctcut hfq rqethgphe-
pql ikjpk.Ihsqupq,rq uql rskzkph kttnhgqecuhnk tpczcnc ph qdsc|cnk pc uqu
whpqohp epkocpk,rquqov zuq qp ph wwhmup~l,qp qdncgchu ph ethqd|ko,c kpgkek-
gvcnp~ojpczhpkho,k zhnqehm ph zvetuevhu epvushpphfq ihncpk scttmcj~ecu q po
gsvfko ngo.
Th rvucluh tmcjcppqh opqlt ghice.Khiceqskhpuksqecppq pc rsq{nqh ktt~-
nchut pc rsq{n~h ikjpk,tp~,gcepq rsqkjq{hg{kh scjfqeqs~k tqd~uk.Vshighe-
shohppqh rhshikecpkh dvgv|hfq qunkzchut uho,zuq qpq kohhu ghnq t uho,zuq h| ph
rsqkjq{nq… qpq mctchut dvgv|hfq,trqtqdpqfq rsqekut e pctuq|ho,tqd~ukl,
mquqs~h h| uqnmq gqnip~rsqkjqluk,rhshms~ec tqd~uk e pctuq|ho eshohpk.
4.893"- /'&23#&.."9 423/3") )23)6&2+"9 )()+"
2
Ugpc ihp|kpc scttmcjcnc tnhgv|v ktuqsk:5QOMK ^ KZJ?NMPRCR,IMBC?
PGJ[LZH NMQMI\LDOBGG PJMALM MQMOA?J KLD BMJMAR.>LDMEGC?LLM MI?F?J?P[ L?FA?L-
[email protected]\QGKADVDOMK,RAGCDJ?,IQM [email protected],G NOGL^J?RV?PQGD A O?FBMAMO?T G
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A?Q[ L?ADVDO,NOMPQM [email protected] NMPKMQODQ[,VQM NOMGFMHC_Q.*,IMLDVLM ED,NMFAM-
LGJ?NMCORB?G,GFAGL^^P[ F?QM,VQM FAMLGQQ?I F?NMFC?JM,NOGBJ?PGJ?KDL^ L?FA?L-
[email protected]\QGKADVDOMK..LD NOGWJMP[ PCDOE?Q[P^,[email protected] O?PPKD^Q[P^,G ^ PMBJ?-
PGJ?P[.1OGC^ L?ADVDOGLIR,^ RAGCDJ?,VQM [email protected]?QMVLMH IMNGDH QMBM,VQM ^ RED
NDODEGJ?\QGK RQOMK:I?EC?^ SO?F?,I?ECZH AFK?T ORIMH NMAQMO^JG QM,VQM ^
GPNZQ?J?O?LDD.>O?C?,VQM!NMPDQGJ? \QMQFA?LLZH [email protected] CM QMBM,I?I ML NOMGFM-
W_J,NMQMKR VQM ^ KMBJ?I LDKR NMCBMQMAGQ[P^ F?O?LDD.Ihzhskpmc d~nc mqrkhl
ktr~ucppqfq vusqo eqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|ho.
Opqfgc uqu whpqohp ph qdncgchu dqn{ql tknql,hgkptuehppqh,zuq zhnqehm
rqpkochu,uq uq,zuq rsqktxqgku phzuq mtuscqsgkpcspqh,qunkzc|hht qu qd~zpqfq
tqtuqpk.
Ud~zpq whpqohpeqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|hognkut ethfq nk{ phtmqnmq thmvpg,
knk,oqihu,okpvuv knkgeh,e uq esho mcm rshgeh|chu dvgv|hh tqd~ukh gnkuhnpqtu
e phtmqnmq zctqe.[hpqohp oqihu d~u dqnhh rsqgqnikuhnhp k qxecu~ecu dvgv|kh
tqd~uk rsqgqnikuhnpqtuphtmqnmq gphlknkgcih ohtyhe.Iqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv-
|ho,rq msclphl ohsh,qrktcppqh opql jght,ph shfktusksvhut e oqjfh mcm etr~{mc,
tpkoqm knk mscumqeshohpp~l dnhtm.`uq xqzv qtqdq rqgzhsmpvu.Iqtrqokpcpkh q
dvgv|ho shfktusksvhut e oqjfh,mcm dvguq uqnmq zuq d~n ktr~ucp eq ethl rqnpquh
thfohpu wkjkzhtmql shcnpqtuk.
Xnqipq tmcjcu e mcmkx qrshghnpp~x tqtuqpkx rqenhut eqtrqokpcpkh q
dvgv|ho.Qcihut,zuq zc|h qpq rqenhut e oqohpu rqnqeqfq tqjshecpk k e tkuvc-
ykx,e mquqs~x zhnqehm rqgehsihp tushttv.Upq rqenhut,mcm htnk d~uk rkjqg~
«qzk|cnk» tkuvcykk rqjeqnnk zhnqehmv vekghu dvgv|hh e uql qdnctuk,e mquqsql
tv|htuevhu tknpc oqykqpcnpcpvigc.Hqnhh uqfq,tv|htuevu ngk,mquqs~h ktr~-
u~ecu uqu whpqohp,mqfgc gvxqepc tqtucen|c kx ikjpk phqikgcppq tucpqeku-
t fncepql,knk mqfgc,rq mcmql-uq rskzkph e qrshghnpp~l rhskqg kx ikjpk qpk tuc-
pqeut dqnhh qums~u~ok.
Sqghn,e tqquehutuekkt mquqsqluqu whpqohpscjekechut,vpkehstcnpc,phtoq-
us pc qfsqop~h kpgkekgvcnp~h scjnkzk knk scjp~h tqykcnp~h tkuvcykk,e mquq-
s~x qp rqenhut.Sqghn eqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|ho tqtuqku kj tnhgv|kx dcjqe~x
nhohpuqe.Ud~zpq qpq pczkpchut t eqnp~tknpqfq uhnhtpqfq uhrnc eohtuh t zvetueqo
eqtuqsfc.Opqfgc zhnqehm tn~{ku jevmk.Vsqtuscptuehppq-eshohpp~h qupq{hpk
rqnpqtujcokscu,pkzuq kpkmuq ph gekihut,kpctuq|kloqohpu mcihut jctu~e-
{ko mcgsqo mkpqwknoc.I uq ih esho et tucpqekut tphh,zvetuec qdqtusut;
eqjgvx pcrqnphut ktmscoktehuc,ohsyc|kokknkeqnpktu~ok.^hnqehm ktr~u~echu
tqehs{hppq quzunkeqh q|v|hpkh,zuq hfq wkjkzhtmqh uhnq sct{kshut,k qgpqesh-
ohppq t ukosct{kshut qmsvic|hh rsqtuscptueq,e uq esho mcm rshgohu~vohp-
{cut knk ktzhjcu kj rqn jshpk.
Iq esho q|v|hpk eqtrqokpcpk q dvgv|ho tqd~ukh kj dvgv|hfq eshohppq
rhshms~echu pctuq|hh.`uq tqd~ukh rsqenhut eq ethx rqgsqdpqtux ucm,zuq usvg-
pq qunkzku hfq qu gsvfkx qd~mpqehpp~x tqd~ukl.Whgmq mqfgc zhnqehm qtqjpcu rsk-
)#/1"% )5"*,/#)6 ,"#).2+)*2
zkp~ rqgqdp~x tqd~ukl,rquqov zuq qpk mcivut tqehs{hppq htuhtuehpp~ok.Iqtrq-
okpcpkh q dvgv|ho d~tusq jcmcpzkechut.Ishohppq-rsqtuscptuehpp~h qupq{hpk
eqttucpcenkecut,eqjesc|ct m qd~zp~orsqrqsyko,ktpqec vtucpcenkechut qd~-
zp~l qdscj ikjpk.Ugpcmq epvusk zhnqehmc qtucut rskupqh zvetueq knk zvetueq
jcfcgmk,zuq enhut pqsocnp~o enhpkho,mqfgc rsqktxqgku zuq-uq phqikgcppqh.
^ctuq uq tqrsqeqigchut zvetueqo dqn{qfq vgkenhpk knk gsqik,zctuq eqjpkmc-
|hl qu uckptuehppqtuk.Xqd~ukh ikeu,rqmc qtucut e tqjpcpkk,qgpcmq rqg mqphy
qpq jcd~echut.
Xnqipq tmcjcu,mcmkh tkfpcn~ kpkykksvu eqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv|ho;qgpcmq,
mqfgc qpq pczkpchut,uq rqenhut e tqjpcpkk e rqgsqdphl{kx ghucnx.^hnqehm
oqihu zvetueqecu thd rsk uqo qzhp fnvrq knk ih mcm rskjscm,rquqov zuq e qrsh-
ghnpp~l oqohpu v phfq oqihu tnqikut q|v|hpkh,zuq qp C cmus,ktrqnp|kl
sqn.Thmquqs~h ngk tpq zvetuevu,zuq oqfvu kjohpku ktxqg tqd~uk,e uq esho
mcm gsvfkh rqjeqnu hov rsqkjqluk,ph eoh{kect.Vqpczcnv uk tqd~uk oqfvu
e~j~ecu dhtrqmqltueq,pq rqg mqphy qpk tucpqeut nqfkzp~ok k vohtup~ok.Mkjp
zhnqehmc,mquqs~l rhshikechu uk whpqohp~,pczkpchu uhz e rskhonhoql ocphsh,k
tpqec rqenhut zvetueq «pqsocnpqtuk».
`uc oqghn phqgkpcmqec gn ethx,pq qpc rsktvutuevhu e dqn{kptueh tnvzche.Upc
rqenhut e ngx,mquqs~h ktr~ucnk whpqohp e tqtuqpkk rqnpqfq dqgstueqecpk k
mquqs~h cmukepq emnzknk h e teqrqethgphepvghuhnpqtu.Xv|htuevu gsvfkh
ngk,mquqs~h ktr~ucnkeqtrqokpcpkh q rsq{nqoe tqppqo,scttncdnhppqotqtuqpkk,
qgpcmq kx qzhp ocnq.Juh e teqo qzhsmh «Oj oqhl ikjpk» qrktcn q|v|hpkh,mquq-
sqh pc rhse~l ejfng rqxqih pc fcnnykpcyk,pq mquqsc rqxqgku pc eqtrqokpcpkh
q dvgv|ho:> DT?J NM CMOMBD A &O]FDLT?HK,IMBC?KDL^ RCGAGJM NODPQO?LLMD NOMGP-
WDPQAGD.>RAGCDJ [email protected]^,PI?VRXDBM KLD L?APQODVR NM QMH ED CMOMBD L?JMW?CG,TMQ^
L?KLD @ZJ?MCDEC?,IMQMOR] @Z ^ LGIMBC?LD IRNGJ.,?I QMJ[IM ^ [email protected]^ MQ
\QMBM PMPQM^LG^,AGCDLGD GPVDFJM.4DK LD KDLDD,PKZPJ A QMK,VQM AMPDK[] BMC?KG
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OR]^ AGCDJ A AGCDLGG G IMQMOR]L?CDJ LDRKZWJDLLM.<Q?LDADOM^QL?^ B?JJ]UGL?-
UG^ KDL^ RPNMIMGJ?.
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ktr~u~ecu kx e scjpqh esho gp,qd~zpq,mqfgc v pkx eqjpkmcu thsjp~h oqykq-
pcnp~h rsqdnho~.Uzhekgpq,qpkrqnvzcu rqgghsimv ktknv qu eqtrqokpcpklq dvgv-
|ho,mquqs~h rqoqfcu ko iku gcn{h.
Ishohpcok phmquqs~h ngk kjohpu shjvnucu,mquqs~l qpk vekghnk;qgpcmq
qskfkpcnpqh tqd~ukh oqihu rqekut rqjih phusqpvu~o.Tcrskohs,ihp|kpc rhsh-
iknc eqtrqokpcpkh q dvgv|ho q teqo ovih,e mquqsqo qp rqrcghu e thsjpv ceuq-
oqdknpv cecsk rq gqsqfh pc etushzv.Vquqov qpc pctuqnc pc uqo,zuqd~ tqrsq-
eqgku hfq,k rqehnc oc{kpv tcoc.Oj-jc h eoh{cuhntuec tqd~ukh ph rsqkjq{nq uho
ehzhsqo,k cecsk ph rsqkjq{nc.Thtmqnmkok gpok rqjih h ovi rqrcn e ceuqoq-
dknpvcecsk,mquqsc d~nc qzhp rqxqic pc uv,mquqsvqpc ekghnc jcscphh.L eoh-
{cuhntueq uqnmq kjohpknq esho tqd~uk,pq ph tcoq tqd~ukh.
Kn dqn{kptuec nghl esho e eqtrqokpcpkx q dvgv|ho tucpqekut rnqup~o
k phehsqupq d~tus~o,pq uqnmq rq qupq{hpkm ucm pcj~echoqov pqsocnpqov esh-
ohpk e ikjpk.benhpkh,kjohshppqh e pqsocnpqo«qd}hmukepqo» eshohpk,gnkut qu
4.893"- /'&23#&.."9 423/3") )23)6&2+"9 )()+"
2
10 gq 15 okpvu,e uq esho mcm eq esho uqfq tqd~uk oqihu rsqluk yhn~l fqg,emn-
zc eth ghucnk tqd~uk.Yhrhs tucpqekut qzhekgp~o txqgtueq t qmqnqtohsup~o
tqtuqpkho nghl,mquqs~h uqpvnk,rcgcnk t e~tqu~ k d~nk e tkuvcykx qrctp~x gn
ikjpk.Iq esho ukx tqd~uklesho tikochut.Lgkptuehpp~oqunkzkhoenhut uq,
zuq e ukx tqd~ukx,pcjecpp~x e rtkxqnqfkk fkrhsophjkhl,tv|htuevhu rcscnnhnpqh
uhzhpkh eshohpk e uql ikjpk k e q|v|hpkk zhnqehmc,e mquqsqo jc phtmqnmq thmvpg
rshd~ecpk e qmqnqtohsupqo tqtuqpkk qp ekgku et teq ikjp e rqgsqdphl{kx
ghucnx.I eqtrqokpcpkk q dvgv|ho,mcm vih fqeqskn,rsqktxqg|kh e pctuq|kl
oqohpu tqd~uk rqnpqtuqtucpcenkecut,rqgqdpq tuqr-mcgsv pc ekghqocfpkuqwq-
ph,k esho rsqgqnichu teql xqg e eqtrqokpcpkk q dvgv|ho.Ugpcmq,pcxqgt e uqo
tqtuqpkk,zhnqehm ph zvetuevhu,zuq esho vtmqsknqt kvrnqupknqt.Tcqdqsqu,mcihu-
t,zuq qpq uhzu pqsocnpq.
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qums~u~gn ethx eqjoqipqtuhl.
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Ф Даа
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k tuhukzhtmkh kttnhgqecpk tqtucenu thsgyhekpv gvxqepqfq rvuk Kcocpxvs.Upk
enut kptusvohpucok,mquqs~h esho k rsqtuscptueq ghncu te|hpp~ok,k qpk
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ekgvcnp~ok qunkzkok,mquqs~h enut yhpp~ok e gqtukihpkk qd|hl yhnk.
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tmkokteqltuecok,ucm mcm e popcxqgkut tcoqh dqn{qh tmqrnhpkh scjnkzp~x okph-
scnqe pc rncphuh.I uqo ohtuh rhshthmcut qtpqep~h tkpxsqpkjksqecpp~h nkpkk,
mquqs~h rsqtukscut rq ethl rncphuh.`uknkpkk enut phsfhukzhtmkok shmcok,
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ethl thuk tkpxsqpkjksqecpp~x nkpkl.Tc rncphuh Nhon tv|htuevhu uqnmq gec
scgkcpup~x vjnc:qgkp e Ykdhuh,gsvfql e gqnkph,fgh rqtusqhp Kcocpxvs.\sco ^hnq-
ehzhtuec tnhgvhu mvstv ukx nkpkl k hfq fncep~l mqskgqs rshgtucenhu tqdql rvu
rqte|hpk,mcm skuvcnkjksqecppc mqrk epvushppkx rsqtuscptue e mcigqozhnqeh-
mh.Vsqxqg rq mqskgqsco\scoc rshgtucenhu tqdql rqfsvihpkh epvus tcoqfq thd k
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mkx okphscnqe,mquqs~o vih 300 oknnkqpqe nhu.]hpphl{kl kj pkx Coknqpku.Lfq
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pc iknh uqfq okphscnc.
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pku t rqfsvihpkho e tcoqfq thd.Vquqov\sco rshgtucenhu tqdql crqwhqj zhnqeh-
zhtmqfq ueqszhtuec k jquhskzhtmqfq jpcpk.`uq tqqsvihpkh C qgkp kj yhpphl{kx
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tmqnmq tqquehutuev|hl phsfkk tqghsikut e ect.Vqtnh uqfq mcm phsfk gqd~uc,h
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tnk{mqorqgsqdpqlmqpmshukjcykkkwscfohpucykkzhnqehzhtmqfq rquhpykcnc.\vgq-
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dsvthe,fgh «xsqpqpceu~» e~rqnpnk mtrhskohpu~ rq rvuh{htuek eq eshohpk.
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Лее ве веее е
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e pc{hoeqqdscihpkketrqtnhgqecuhnpqtu tqd~ukl,qgpq jc gsvfko.Vqxqikotrq-
tqdqo o~oqiho rshgtuceku,zuq et rsqktxqg|hh e uql ethnhppql rsqktxqgku mcm
rqtnhgqecuhnpqtu tqd~ukl,sctrqnqihpp~x qu rsq{nqfq m dvgv|hov.
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zuq esho phnkphlpq,k zuq rsq{nqh,pctuq|hh k dvgv|hh tv|htuevu qgpqeshohppq.
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mqpukphpu~ eth pcxqgut pc rqehsxpqtuk,qgpcmq mqfgc o~ rvuh{htuevhu pc oc{kph,
o~oqihoekghu uqnmq qgpq ohtuq e qgkp oqohpu eshohpk k zctuk ncpg{cwuc rqtnh-
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mqltuek:tnvzcut eqgqeqsqu~,rsknke~kqunke~,gekihpk,tqjgc|kh dvskkcpq-
ocnkk e umcpk eshohpk.
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eshohppqfq oqs.Xnhgv uqov eqjgv{pqov rquqmv,eth tqd~uk pczpvu rhshoh|cut
e uqo pcrscenhpkk.Ugpcmq e tqdtuehppqo oqsh zhnqehmc,fgh tv|htuevu eqsqpmk k
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pky~ohigv qd}hmuqoktvd}hmuqo.Ycm mcm tvd}hmu ph tv|htuevhu e ekgh qughnpqluqz-
mk jshpk,rq msclphl ohsh,pc rsqgqnikuhnp~l rsqohivuqm eshohpk,uq zhnqehm
hgec nk oqihu gcu uko tqd~uko rqjkukepv qyhpmv.Vquqov dqn{kptueq vzctu-
pkmqe zvetuevu ghltuekh {vpuc-thokpcsc oqykqpcnpq;qpkq|v|cu,zuq kx eqt-
rskukh ktukppqfq bsct{ksknqt,k zuq rhshg pkok sctmkpvnqt qfsqopqh dhtmqphz-
pqh rsqtuscptueq.Tczkpc|ko oqihu rqpcgqdkut phtmqnmq gphl,zuqd~ qtqjpcu
uk q|v|hpk,k opqfq eshohpk,zuqd~ rqpu kx jpczkoqtu.Npcohpkuc fhsohuk-
zhtmc wscjc fnctku,zuq pvipq phtmqnmq mqsqumkx ofpqehpkl,zuqd~pcvzku gshephl
ovgsqtuk,pq rqpcgqdkut opqihtueq ikjphl,zuqd~rqpu h.Kvxqep~h fkfcpu~ktr~-
u~ecu tnqipqtuk rsk qrktcpkk uqfq,zuq qpk ktr~u~ecu e teqkx fnvdqmkx q|v|h-
pkx,mcm e tqdtuehpp~x gvxqep~x q|v|hpkx,ucm k e q|v|hpkx jcmqpqe rsksqg~.
`lp{uhlp ucm quehukn pc eqrsqt q tnqipqtuk uhqskk qupqtkuhnpqtuk:«Upc rqnpq-
tuph tpc gcih oph,zuqd~uqzpq h qd}tpku,qgpcmq d~oqf t~fscu h pc tmskr-
mh».
Tqe~h qfsqop~h rsqtuscptuec,mquqs~h qums~echu {vpuc,rqjeqnu pczcu
kfs~pc e~t{kx vsqepx.Ofs~,e mquqs~h ph oqfnk kfscu rsq{n~h rqmqnhpk,rquq-
ov zuq opqfqh e mqsph kjohpknqt.Isho ticnqt k vtmqsknqt,eth kjohphpk,emn-
zc gvxqepqh scjekukh,uhrhs rsqktxqgu d~tushh.Ofs~,mquqs~h vrqopvn,C uq
kfs~rq qzktumh rncphu~qu tuscgcpkl k qu dhttqjpcuhnpqtuk,kfs~,mquqs~h rqoqfvu
gsvfko tv|htueco gqtukz sct{kshpk tqjpcpk jc mqsqumkl rsqohivuqm eshohpk k
rqgput pc e~t{kh kjohshpk d~uk,mqpusqnksv esho k rsqtuscptueq.
`uq zvetueq d~tus~x kjohphpkl rsktvutuevhu eq opqfkx ngx,fsvrrcx k qsfc-
pkjcykx.`uc rhshohpc,vtmqshppc e pqe~x wqsocx tv|htueqecpk,zvetue k q|v|h-
pkl,enhut pczcnqo mecpuqeqfq tmczmc e zhnqehzhtmql eqnykk,mquqs~l scphh e
ktuqskk zhnqehzhtuec pkmqfgc ph rsqktxqgkn.L tv|pqtu C rshqdscjqecpkh tqjpc-
pk.Upc rsqktxqgku pc ethx vsqepx,qu qughnpqfq zhnqehmc gq rncphucsp~x kjohph-
pkl,k gcih gq kjohphpkl e uql zctuk ethnhppql.Oxqu e ktuqskk d~nk d~tus~h eq-
nykqpp~h kjohphpk,uq rhseqh eqnykqppqh rshqdscjqecpkh tqjpcpkh,mquqsqh
mqfgc-nkdq tnvzcnqt e zhnqehzhtmql ktuqskk.
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I uql zctuk ethnhppql zhnqehzhtmc sctc rshd~echu e rncohpk uscptwqsoc-
ykk,rquqov zuq gn zhnqehmc eqnykqpp~l rsqyhtt tucn tqjpcuhnp~o.I pct
sqigchut dqn{hh k dqnhh rqnpqh qtqjpcpkh pc{hfq kpgkekgvcnpqfq tqjpcpk,
qtqjpcpkh,qdncgc|hh pcopqfq dqn{kok trqtqdpqtuok,zhoo~oqfnk thdh rshg-
tuceku.]hppqtu {vpuc-thokpcsc jcmnzchut e uqo,zuq qp gcu dqnhh fnvdqmqh
k rqnpqh fpqtukzhtmqh eqtrskukh tqdtuehppql kpgkekgvcnpqtuk e tscephpkk t eqt-
rskukho,mquqsqh ngk rqnvzcu pc Jpqtukzhtmqo Opuhptkeh k pc gsvfkx ohgkuc-
ukep~x tktuhocx.X rqoq| fpqjktc {vpu~ o~ rsqdvigchot e pqeql shcnpq-
tuk,e mquqsql ethnhppc enhut ike~ok scjvop~oqsfcpkjoqo,mquqs~l gvochu,
zvetuevhu,scjekechut k t pc{hl rqoq| qtqjpcu tcoqfq thd.Thmquqs~h kj pct
rqpkocu,zuq ethnhppc pcxqgkut e mnzheqo oqohpuh teqhl eqnykk k zuq e
uqu rhskqg oqykqpcnpq qums~u~o ngo rshgqrshghnhpq d~u tqjpcuhnp~ok
rsqeqgpkmcok.Ycm mcm ethnhppc tqjgcnc pct,uq o~ qdjcp~ vzctueqecu e h tqjk-
gcpkk k gcnphl{ho scjekukh.S~ tucpqekot rqtshgpkmcok eqnykk tqjpcpk,
rsqeqgpkmcok ehjghtv|hfq ktuqzpkmc.
Vqpcgqdknkt u~tzhnhuk phrshmsc|c|hlt eqnykk,zuqd~ vdscu
evcn t ktms~ tqjpcpk,kj mquqsql tqtuqku zhnqehzhtmc tv|pqtu.Yhrhs tqjpc-
pkh pczkpchu d~tusq scjekecut.Qqfgc qpq gqtukfphu jshnqtuk,pczput pqe~l
ucr e hfq eqnykk:«I uqu oqohpu,mqfgc zhnqehzhtmqh tqjpcpkh e teqhl eqn-
ykk gqtukfchu jshnqtuk,qpc rskqdshuchu trqtqdpqtu vtmqsu tqdtuehppqh scj-
ekukh».
`uqu sh{c|kl oqohpu,q mquqsqo fqeqs,enhut ktukppql uscptwqsoc-
ykhl.Vsqdvigpp~h ngk rskpkocu uq,zuq qpk rskpcgnhicu m tqjkgcuhnpql
thuk,qpk dhsvu pc thd quehutuehppqtu jc gcnphl{hh scjekukh zhnqehzhtmqfq tqjpc-
pk,tpczcnc e pkx tcokx,jcuho e kx qupq{hpkx t gsvfkok ngok k fsvrrcok pc
pc{hl rncphuh k,pcmqphy,eq eto mqtoqth.Ije pc thd quehutuehppqtu,qpk dvgvu
cmukepq ktmcu rqxqikx nghl,mquqs~h fquqe~ eju pc thd te|hppv okttk,
zuqd~tofzku,vtmqsku k ephtuk emncg e rshqdscjqecpkh tqjpcpk.Ltnk e~rqzve-
tuevhuh ihncpkh ephtuk emncg e rshqdscjqecpkh k eqnyk qtqjpcppqtuk,qd|hfq
tqjkgcpk k qzk|hpk,uq e~pczpuh qums~ecu pqe~h rvuk,mquqs~h qteqdqgu pheh-
squp~l rquhpykcn e ect tcokx,e gsvfkx k eq ethl ethnhppql.`uq rskj~e ph d~n
tghncp ceuqsqo uql mpkfk knk mcmko-uq gsvfko zhnqehmqo.^hshj ukx nghl ec{h
ktukppqh b rqt~nchu tqqd|hpkh tcoq thdh.Upq fqeqsku eco,zuqd~e~rskpnk vzc-
tukh e ehnkzcl{ho rskmnzhpkk,mquqsqh mqfgc-nkdq rsqktxqgknq:e sqighpkk
scjvopql ethnhppql,e mquqsql e~ enhuht k shdpmqo,k Xqjgcuhnho,jhspqo k
rnqgqo,pczcnqo k mqpyqo.
Npcpkh,sqigppqh pc qtpqecpkk {vpu~,q uqo,zuq pc fnvdqzcl{kx vsqepx eth
ngk uhtpq tejcp~,rquqov zuq qpk enut hgkp~o yhn~o,jctucenhu ect qtqjpcu,
mcmc qfsqopc quehutuehppqtu nhiku pc ect,mqfgc e~ghnchuh zuq-uq rnqxqh knk xqsq-
{hh.`uq jpczku,zuq mcigc sqigppc e ect o~tn rqoqfchu knkeshgku gsvfkongo.
Qqfgc e~mskzkuh,ec{fqnqt sctrsqtuscphut pc ghtumkknktqupkohusqe,pq mqfgc e~
gvochuh knkzvetuevhuh,ec{ko~tnkknkzvetuec ph kohu fscpky,qpkrsqpkmcu e mqt-
oqt,rqgqdpq eqnpqe~o rqno,sctrsqtuscp|kxt eq ethx pcrscenhpkx.Ic{k o~t-
nk k oqykk ehgvu ect m shmh ikjphppql phsfkk k dvgvu rsqgqnicu ehtuk,rqmc tv|h-
tuevhu uc ethnhppc.`uqrsqtuc,phqtrqskockvictpcrscegc,htnkv ect rnqxkh o~t-
nk;uq rsqtuc,phqtrqskoc k rskupc rscegc,htnk v ect xqsq{kh o~tnk.
4.893"- /'&23#&.."9 423/3") )23)6&2+"9 )()+"
U|v|hpk,mquqs~h e~ ktr~u~echuh eq esho {vpuc-thokpcsc,k uh,mquqs~h
ktr~u~ecu gsvfkh ngk,rscmukmv gsvfkh tktuho~,jqevut oktukzhtmkok,e~t{k-
ok,rso~okknkrsqtehunpp~ok.Oj zhfq tqtuqu rqgqdp~h q|v|hpk?Yh,muq ktr~-
ucnkrqgqdp~h q|v|hpk,jpcu,zuq scjnkzk ohigv qd}hmuqoktvd}hmuqoktzhjcu,
qpk tnkecut e hgkpqh yhnqh.Ith shnkfkk,phtoqus pc eph{pkh scjnkzk,qd}hgk-
php~ qd|ko tuhsipho ktukp~.Sktukmk ethx uscgkykl scttocuskecu Hqfc,ktukpv
knk zktuqh tqjpcpkh Vvtuqu~ mcm qtpqev ethx tv|htue,kj mquqsql ucmih rsqktxqgku
shcnpqtu,mquqsvo~ekgko epvusk pct.
Sktukzhtmkh uscgkykkqrshghnu Hqfc knkOtukpv qunkzp~oqu kvghltmq-xskt-
ukcptmql shnkfkk trqtqdqo.Hqf oktukmqe pcxqgkut jc rshghncok scykqpcnpqfq
o~{nhpk:hfq phnj qrktcu knk gqtukz.Qcm tmcjcn Rcq ]j~,gcq,mquqsqh oqihu
d~u pcjecpq,ph htu gcq.Iuql oktukzhtmql uscgkykk eqtuqmc qtpqec ehjghtv|pqtuk
pcjecpc «Vvtuquql»,«Tkzho»krqxqikokuhsokpcok.^uqd~qd}hgkpkut t uqlehj-
ghtv|pqtu,oktukm gqnihptucu VvtuquqlknkTkzho.IrsqtehunppqoekghpkkHqf
htu ehzpqtu,dhtmqphzpqh pkzuq,mquqsqh qgpqeshohppq enhut qtpqeql k ktuqzpk-
mqo ethfq.
I tushonhpkk qd}hgkpkut t dhtmqphzpql Vvtuquql Scxcuoc Jcpgk tmcjcn:>
[email protected] PODCG J]CDH.> TMVR PQ?Q[ 1RPQMQMH!`uk tnqec kohu fnvdq-
mqh oktukzhtmqh jpczhpkh k rshgncfcu rsqtuqh rshgrqnqihpkh:«Uteqdqgkuht quq
ethfq!» knk,mcm tmcjcn rqu S.Kcpqlnkz:«b jght,mqfgc ohp jght phu».`uq e~sc-
ihpkh ktrqnjvhut opqfkokngok,pq uqnmq phopqfkh rqpkocu hfq ktukppqh jpc-
zhpkh.Gdtqnu enhut Lgkptueqo,mquqsqh teqdqgpq qu ohs,jpczhpkl,teqltue,esh-
ohpk,rsqtuscptuec,tvd}hmuqe,phsfkl,qu ethfq tv|hfq.
Vsq|h ethfq rshgtuceku Lgkptueq t rqoq| tscephpk hfq t dqn{ko esc-
|c|kot {csqo,mquqs~lmshrkut m rquqnmv pc gktmquhmcx.Lfq rqehsxpqtu rqms~-
uc dhtmqphzp~o zktnqo jhsmcn,mquqs~h eqjesc|cu u~tzk quscihpkl ethx nghl k
rshgohuqe,mquqs~h rsktvutuevu e rqoh|hpkk._cs Cuq uscptyhpghpucnp~l tko-
eqn eshohpk qu pczcnc gq mqpyc,hfq gsqic|kh quscihpk Cshnkfkk,pcvzp~h uhqskk
k jpcpk,fhpkcnp~h rsqkjehghpk ktmvttuec,tukxqueqshpk,ehnkmkh fvsv k cecuc-
s~,dhtmqphzpc ndqe k phpcektu,ofpqehp tzctu k fqs,scgqtu rhshg jcmcuqo
k rhzcn pc mncgdk|h.It quscichu rhseqpczcnp~l tehu te|hppqfq tqjpcpk,mquq-
sqh pcxqgkut e dhtmqphzp~x qfscpkzhpkx ocuhskcnpql ethnhppql,e mquqsv qpq
exqgku,zuqd~ktr~ucu rqgqdp~h q|v|hpk.
Kvocluh q teqo kpgkekgvcnpqo b mcm qd whohspql eqnph,k q _vpuh
mcm q ehzpqo qmhcph,kj mquqsqfq e~ d~nk tqjgcp~,rqgqdpq gsvfko eqnpco.
Qcigc eqnpc e~rntmkechut e tv|htueqecpkh kj ehjghtv|hfq qmhcpc {vpu~,
Hqfc,Xucukmk,Gdtqnuc.I qrshghnpp~h oqohpu~ oqipq tzkucu thd phjcek-
tkoql eqnpql,phqd~zpql,qunkzpql qu ethx gsvfkx eqnp eqmsvf ect.I~ oqihuh
rquscuku et ikjp,tucsct d~u nvz{hl,tcoql dqn{ql knk tcoql msctk-
eql eqnpql.I~ oqihuh dhtrqmqkut,ph msctkehh nk v tqthgphl eqnp~ rhpc pc
ehsxv{mh,ph dqn{h knk ph tknphh nk qpc ect,ph quscichut nk tehu tqnpyc qu
ph nvz{h,zho qu ect knk qu gsvfkx eqnp.I~ oqihuh uscuku teq ikjp,
rqtuqppq tscepkec thd t gsvfkok eqnpcok,rqmc ph ehspuht m Lgkptuev,kj
mquqsqfq rsqkjq{nk,k ph rqlouh,zuq eth eqnp~ enut zctu ect k zuq e~
dhtmqphzp~ k rqtuqpp~.
I uql kfsh rskqdshuhpk qtqjpcppqtuk _vpuc pcxqgku teq ohtuq,rquqov zuq
qpc enhut tktuhoql gvxqepqfq scjekuk.Zpkzuqic qdocpzke~h fscpky~,mquqs~h
qughnu pct qu gsvfkx tv|htue,oqipq rqfsvjkut pc qrshghnpp~l rhskqg eshohpk
e hgkptueq ehjghtv|hl ikjpk,k mqfgc e~ ehspuht e oks,mquqs~l e~ scp{h tzkuc-
nk hgkptuehppql shcnpqtu,e~ ehspuht t kjohppp~o tqjpcpkho.Ztuqlzkeqh
tqtuqpkh _vpu~e~jqehu e ect «gvxqepvicigv» pcluk zctuk thd,mquqs~h tv|h-
tuevu e rcscnnhnp~x okscx k kjohshpkx,k uq gktmqowqsupqh tqtuqpkh ph rsql-
gu,rqmc e~kx ph pclguh.`uq tqjpcpkh rqdvgku ect tghncu zuq-uq dqnhh yhppqh,zho
tscephpkh thd t gsvfkok eqnpcok,Ce~ dvghuh rskpkocu cmukepqh vzctukh e tcoqo
fnvdqmqokethqd}hon|horsqyhtth,mquqs~lthlzct rsqktxqgku e pc{hooksh.Kcncl
Rcoc fqeqsku:«Qcig~lkj pct phtu quehutuehppqtu jc et zhnqehzhtueq.Vsk{nq esh-
o scttocuskecu gsvfkx nghl mcm ktukpp~x dscuhe k thtus k jcdqukut q pkx k qd
kx mqowqsuh,qdnhfzc ko tuscgcpk.Kcih htnk e~ rqnpqtu ph oqihuh rqihsueq-
ecu teqkotqdtuehpp~omqowqsuqo,et scepq ph jcd~ecluh q gsvfkx.S~gqnip~dqn-
{h gvocu q dvgv|hok qd kpuhshtcx ethfq zhnqehzhtuec.`uq oq shnkfk.Thu pvig~e
xscocx,phu pvig~ e tnqip~x wknqtqwkx.Tc{tqdtuehpp~l oqjf,pc{h tqdtuehppqh
thsgyh htu pc{xsco,c gqdsquc htu pc{c wknqtqwk».
)#/1"% )5"*,/#)6 ,"#).2+)*8